The document discusses ripper production, including the components of a ripper, methods for calculating ripper production rates, factors affecting ripper production, and suggestions for efficient ripping. The main components of a ripper are the tip, shank, tool bar, push block, and power assembly. Methods for calculating ripper production rates include the theoretical method, cross section method, time spent method, and field procedure. Factors like rock type, weathering, ripper type, and operator skill can impact ripper production rates and costs.

1. RIPPER PRODUCTION

2. Ripper

4. Component of ripper
• The main components are
1. TIP(Point);- which inter the rock structure by wedge action, splitting
and braking the rock
2. The shank;- which holds the point and shank protector
3. The tool bar;- the heavy transverse box section ,to which are
attached shanks and which is raised and lowered and inclined by
power assembly
4. The push block;- a tractor bulldozer pushed against the push block
so as to increase the tip pull of the leading tractor ripper in order to
rip out prism of extremely hard rock
5. The power assembly;- consisting of arms and hydraulic cylinders for
raising and lowering and including tool bars with its attaches shank

5. METHODS OF RIPPER PORDUCTION CAL CAULATION
1. THEORETICAL METHOD
2. CROSS SECTION METHOD
3. TIME SPENT METHOD
4. FIELD PROCEDURE

6. THEORETICAL METHOD
• The output of a ripper in parallel passes
• Where,
• heft= effective loosening depth (m)
• Ku = ripper utilization factor( 0.7-0.8)
• Vr = ripping velocity m/s
• τ = time of travel to the next furrow , s( 30-60)
• L=length of parallel cut( m)

7. THEORETICAL METHOD
• The output of a ripper in parallel- cross passes
• Where,
• ht= tooth penetration in ground (m)
• Ku = ripper utilization factor( 0.7-0.8)
• Vr = ripping velocity m/s
• τ = time of travel to the next furrow , s( 30-60)
• L= length of parallel cut (m)
• L’= length of cross cut(m)
• C= distance between adjacent pass (m)
• C’= distance between adjacent pass (m)

8. Ripper velocity Vr m/s
Sr.No Rock Ripper velocity Vr m/s
1 Dense rock with boulder inclusion ,hard coal
,cemented mass of rock debris, broken shales
0.9-1.5
2 Soft lime stone, shales ,marl, chalk, opoka,
gypsum, harden and frozen clay
0.8-1.2
3 Highly jointed , strong lime stones, sandstone
and shales
0.6-1.2
4 Medium jointed lime stones, dolomites,
sandstones, marble, clay shale
0.4-0.8

9. CROSS SECTION METHOD
• THE BEST METHOD IS TO CROSS SECTION THE AREA
• THEN RECORD THE TIME SPENT IN RIPPING
• ARTER THE MATERIAL IS REMOVED CROSS SECTION
IS AGAIN DETERMINE
• MESURED AVERAGE RIPPING DEPTH
• AREA MULTIPLY WITH AVERAGE DEPTH WILL GIVE
VOLUME
• VOLUME DEVIDED BY TIME SPENT IN RIPPING RATE
IN CUBIC METER/HOUR

10. TIME SPENT METHOD
• IN THIS METHOD RECORD THE TIME OF
RIPPING
• LOAD THE RIPPED MATERIAL IN SCRRAPER OR
DUMPER AND ESTIMATE THE AVERAGE LOAD
AND NUMBER OF DUMPER /SCAPPER LODED
• AVERAGE LOAD MULTIPLY BY NO OF LOAD
WILL GIVE RIPPING RATE IN CUBIC
METER/HOUR

11. FIELD PROCEDURE
• Volume by length method: Hourly production is calculated as follows:
• Hourly production rate, Qh = Qc x 60 x E /t
Where, Qc – Production per cycle, m3/hour (on bank volume)
E – Operator’s efficiency
t – Cycle time, minutes
• During direct ripping runs the operator’s efficiency, ripping length (L), ripping depth (D), ripping width (W),
ripping time (tr) and maneuvering time (tm) are recorded.
• One cycle production can be determined as follows:
One cycle production, Qc = A x L
Where , Qc – Per cycle production in m3
A – Cross sectional area, m2
• L – Ripping length, m
Cross sectional area can be calculated by considering following triangular cross section cut by ripper on the
ground.
• Triangular cross section cut
• Cross sectional area, A = DW/2
• Where, D – ripping depth, m
• W – ripping width, m
• Substituting all these values we can get hourly production.

12. SUGGESTION FOR EFFICIENT RIPPING
• MAINTAIN UNIFORM RIPPING DEPTH, RIPPING PASSES FOR EFFICIENT
EXCVAVATION AND LOADING
• RIP IN THE DIRECTION OF POEXCAVATOR AND LOADER LIKE POWER SHOVER AND
SCRAPPER
• RIPPING SHOULD BE DONE IN STRAIGHT LINE
• RIPP DOWNWARD I.E TOWARDS THE DEEP END OF LAMINATION AND SEAM
RIPPING DOWNGRADE CAN INCREASE PRODUCTION. IF THE JOB LAYOUT PERMITS,
THE DOWNGRADE APPROACH CAN BE HELPFUL WHEN WORKING A HARD SPOT OR
SEAM.
• IF MATERIAN CAN NOT BE LOSSEN IN ONE DIRECTION ,CROSS RIPPING SHOULD BE
DONE
• WEAR OF UNDERCARRIGE UNIT SHOLD BE REDUCED BY LEAVING THIN LAYER OF
LOOSE MATERIAL ON THE TOP OF UNRIPPED ROCK
• WHEN TRACK START SLIPPING RIPPER AND SHANK SHOULD BE RAISED
• SHANK POINT SHOULD BE SHARP
• CHOOSE PROPER TIP AS PER RIPPING CONDITIONS
• USE MORE THAN ONE SHANK IF CONDITIOS PERMIT

13. SUGGESTION FOR EFFICIENT RIPPING
• AT THE END OF SHIFT LOWER THE SHANK TO THE GROUND
• DO NOT REVERSE WITH SHANK IN THE GROUND
• DO NOT TURN WITH SHAK IN GROUND
• LIFT THE RIPPER OUT OF GROUND WHEN THE TRACTOR IS IN THE MOTION
• FOR ANY RIPPING JOB, CHOOSING THE RIGHT RIPPING TRACTOR FOR
CONDITIONS DEPENDS ON: 1. TRACTOR FLYWHEEL HORSEPOWER 2.
TRACTOR GROSS WEIGHT 3. DOWNPRESSURE AVAILABLE AT THE TIP
• PROPER GEAR AND SPEED SELECTION IS CRITICAL TO OBTAINING
MAXIMUM RIPPER PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENT TRACTOR OPERATION
• DEPTH AND SPACING OF FURROW GO HAND IN HAND THE DEEPER THE
FURROW WIDER THE SPACING
• WET RIPPING, WETTING THE SURFACE SERVE THERE PURPOSE ACT AS AN
LUBRICANT FOR TIPS AND SHOES, EASSING THE PASSAGE THROUGH
ABRASSIVE TRUFF AND LOWER THE WEAR OF PARTS
• DONOT BREAK LUMPS WITH SHANK
• USE LONG POINTS FOR LOOSEN MATERIAL AND SHORTER POINTS FOR
HARD MATERIAL

14. FACTOR AFFECTING RIPPER PRODUCTIO AND COST
• TYPE OF ROCK TO BE RIPPED: SEDIMENTARY ROCK IS EASY FOR RIPPING WHILE
IGNEOUS & METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE DIFFICULT TO RIP
• DERGREE OF WEATHERING OF ROCK
• METHOD OF RIPPING
• RIPPING SPEED
• RIPPING LENGTH
• OPERATOR SKILL
• CONDITION AND TYPE OF RIPPER
• OPERATION AND MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY
• SPACING AND DEPTH OF FURROW
• FRAGILITY AND CRYSTALLINE CONSTRUCTION OF ROCK.
• WELL-KNOWN FRACTURE PLANE.
• EXISTENCE OF MOISTURE CONTENT:
• MORE THE GRAIN SIZE: COARSER THE GRAIN-SIZE MORE IT IS SUITABLE FOR
RIPPING.
• UNION OF DIFFERENT TYPE OF ROCK.
• SPECIFIC ENERGY.
• VARIOUS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STRATA SUCH AS COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
TENSILE STRENGTH, SHEAR STRENGTH ETC.