Rotary drilling relies on the continuous rotation of sharp drill bits to break rock and drill down through the Earth's crust. A rotary drilling rig consists of four main systems: 1) a prime mover that provides power, 2) a hoisting system that raises and lowers equipment using a derrick, draw works, and drill line, 3) rotating equipment including a swivel, kelly, drill string and bit, and 4) a circulating system that cools the bit and removes cuttings using mud, pumps and tanks. Rotary drilling provides an efficient way to drill through hard rocks but has higher costs than other drilling methods.
Boring for exploration; various types of exploratory drills and their applicability Auger, Cable-tool, Odex, Core Drills; Core recovery: single and double tube core barrels, wire line core barrel; Storage of cores; Interpretation of borehole data
The second presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
The first presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
Boring for exploration; various types of exploratory drills and their applicability Auger, Cable-tool, Odex, Core Drills; Core recovery: single and double tube core barrels, wire line core barrel; Storage of cores; Interpretation of borehole data
The second presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
The first presentation of a series of presentations on Operations Geology. Very basic, just to introduce beginners to operations geology. I hope the end users will find this and the following presentations very helpful.
Dragline machine at dhudhichua project ,singrauliTauhid Mohammad
A dragline excavator is a piece of heavy equipment used in civil engineering and surface mining.
Draglines fall into two broad categories: those that are based on standard, lifting cranes, and the heavy units which have to be built on-site.
Course Content:
Why do we need geoscientist ?
What we do in the Energy Industry ?
Basic Rig Types& Rig components
The Well-Site Personnel
Drilling Fluids
Mud Logging
Well site geologist duties and responsibilities
Use of biofilters for air pollution controlIshaneeSharma
This presentation is about the use of biofilters in air pollution control. Working principle of biofilters, where it is used, its advantages and disadvantages have been discussed in this presentation. Various design parameters are also discussed.
References:
1. https://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/MISC/biofilt/biofiltration.htm
2. https://www3.epa.gov/ttncatc1/dir1/fbiorect.pdf
3. https://civildigital.com/detailed-study-biofilters-controlling-air-pollution-seminar-presentation/
4. https://emis.vito.be/en/techniekfiche/biofilter-0
5. https://www.slideshare.net/AabidMir/biofilters-and-air-pollution-controll/25
This presentation is about production of Dextran from sucrose by using Leuconostoc Mesenteroides bacteria. First of all, the properties of dextran are discussed and then the production is explained through flowchart. The applications of dextran is also discussed in this presentation.
Social Ills that ail Indian Society: Child LabourIshaneeSharma
THIS Presentation is about how child labour is a social evil. This presentation discusses the causes and effects of child labour. The presentaion also mentions the existing Indian laws against child labour. The statistics show the child labour across various states of India. The global scenario of child labour is also shown in this presentation.
Applications of polymers in everyday lifeIshaneeSharma
This pdf file is about applications of polymer in daily life. This pdf covers the applications of polymer in agriculture, sports, household and medical industry.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
1. Rotary Drilling Rig (onshore)
Prepared By:
Ishanee Sharma (15/252)
Nilim Kumar Sarma (15/256)
Department of Chemical Engineering
Assam Engineering College, Jalukbari
2. Introduction
• Rotary drilling is the most efficient technology
applied in the oil and gas industry.
• Rotary drilling relies on continuous circular rotation
of the sharp bit to break rocks and dig down through
Earth’s crust.
• The spinning of the drill bits allows for penetration of
even the hardest rock.
4. Components of a Rotary drilling Rig
• Rotary drilling is composed of different systems:
1. Prime Movers
2. Hoisting System
3. Rotating System
4. Circulating System
5. Prime Movers
• Provides power to the entire rig.
• Generally powered by diesel engines or power lines.
• The energy from these prime movers is used to power rotary
equipment, the hoisting equipment, and the circulating
equipment.
6. Hoisting System
• The hoisting equipment consists of the
tools used to raise or lower whatever
other equipment may go in or come out
of the well.
• Hoisting system is made up of:
1. Derrick or Mast
2. Blocks, Drill line and Hook
3. Draw Works
7. Derrick or Mast
• Derrick is a structure with four supporting legs resting on a
square substructure.
• Mast is much more slender and may be thought of as sitting
on one side of the rig floor or work space.
Travelling Block, Crown Block, Drill Line and Hook
• Block is used to connect the supporting derrick with the load
of drill pipe to be lowered to or withdrawn from the borehole.
• The drill line passes from the draw works to the top of the
derrick.
• Hook which is suspended from the travelling block, which
when drilling carries a swivel and kelly and when tipping it lifts
the drill string.
8. Draw Works
• The draw works is a mechanism commonly known as hoist.
• The main purpose is to lift the drill-string out of and to lower
it back into the blowhole.
9. Rotating Equipment
• The rotating equipment consists of components that actually
serve to rotate the drill bit.
• Rotating equipment consists of :-
1. Swivel :- Carries the entire weight of the drill string but
allows it to rotate freely.
2. Kelly:- Provides a passage way for the drilling fluid.
3. Drill String:- Made up of drill pipe and drill collars and
specialised subs through which drilling fluid and rotational
power are transmitted from the surface to the bit.
4. Drill Bit:- Responsible for actually making contact to the
subsurface layers and drilling through them.
10.
11. Circulating System
• The circulation system consists of : Mud pump, flow-lines, drill
pipe, nozzles, mud tanks, mud mixing equipment ( mud
mixing hopper) and contaminant removal equipment ( shale
shaker, de-sander, de-silter, de-gasser).
• The circulating fluid used is mud, may contain clay, chemicals,
weighting materials, water and oil.
• The main objectives of this system are:
1. Cooling and lubricating the drill bit.
2. Controlling the well pressure(sub-surface pressure).
3. Removing debris and cuttings.
4. Coating the walls of the well with the mud cake.
12.
13. Advantages
• Latest technology of drilling.
• Can penetrate even the hardest of rocks.
• Can drill upto very high depth and width
which is not possible in cable tool drilling.
14. Disadvantages
• High operating and initial cost.
• High fuel and maintenance cost.
• Higher water requirement.
• High rig-up time and expense.
