The document summarizes a project on the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. It defines tsunamis as large ocean waves caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. The 2004 tsunami was caused by a 9.1-9.3 magnitude earthquake in the Indian Ocean. It killed over 227,000 people across 14 countries. The impacts included massive loss of life, property damage estimated at $10 billion, and environmental threats. The response involved emergency assistance and long-term recovery efforts like temporary housing, rebuilding infrastructure, and counseling. Governments and communities must take steps to reduce risks and prepare for future tsunamis.

1. Aligarh muslim university
Department of geography
Disaster management based project work on tsunami
Case study:-indian ocean tsunami 2004
Presented By
SACHIN KUMAR

2. Contents…..
• Tsunami
• Causes of tsunami
• Effects of tsunami
• Major tsunamis incidents in the world
• Case study:- 2004 indian ocean tsunami
• Impacts
• Response
• Recovery
• Conclusion

3. Tsunami
 Tsunami is one of the world’s worst natural disasters that can hit
a country. “Tsunami” is a Japanese word means “Harbour
waves”, is also known as Seismic sea waves.
 Tsunami is a devastating impact of a series of seismic sea waves
caused by the displacement of a large volume of body of water,
generally an ocean.
 The large ocean waves that is caused by sudden motion on the
ocean floor. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other
underwater explosions (including detonation of underwater
nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calving, meteorites impacts
and other disturbances above or below water all have the
potential to generate a tsunami.
 Tsunamis cause damage by two mechanisms: the smashing
force of a wall of water travelling at high speed and destructive
power of a large volume of water draining off the land and
carrying a large amount of debris with it.

4. CAUSES OF TSUNAMI
 Earthquake
 Underwater explosion
 Volcanic Eruption
 Landslides
 Meteorite Impact

5. Effects of Tsunami
The effects of tsunami depend on the characteristics of the seismic event that generated the tsunami.
The effects of tsunami include such as……
 Hitting the shoreline
 Loss of human and animal life; increasing instant death, injury, illness etc.
 Financial losses
 Psychological effects
 Loss of livelihood
 The effects of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous and
they can effect entire ocean basin; the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami was among the deadiest natural
disaster in human history with at least 290,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering
the Indian ocean.
 A permanent change to landscape
 Devastating property damage.
 Contamination of soil and power.
 Severe flooding causes to damages drain systems.

6.  2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history
 2010 Chile earthquake  2018 Sunda Strait tsunami
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
Volcanic eruption triggered landslide

7.  2021 Kermadec Islands earthquake and
Tsunami
 2020 Aegean Sea earthquake and Tsunami
 Most of the tsunamis were caused by the Earthquake. Very few
by volcanoes, landslides and other phenomenon.
 Subduction zones off Chile, Nicaragua, Mexico and Indonesia
have created killer tsunamis.
 The Pacific among the oceans has witnessed the greatest
number of tsunamis (over 790 since 1990).

8. 2004 Indian ocean tsunami
 Also known as The Boxing Day Tsunami and by scientific
community, the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.
 Occurred on 26th December 2004.
 Epicentre was in the Indian ocean between Simeulue
and mainland Indonesia.
 Undersea megathrust Earthquake with intensity of 9.1-
9.3 M.
 3rd largest earthquake ever recorded on a seismograph.
 Caused due to the rupture along the fault between the
Burma plate and the Indian plate.
 Tsunami killed at least 227,000 people across a dozen
countries, with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Maldives and
Thailand. Sustaining massive damages.

10. IMPACTS
 PHYSICAL AND HUMAN IMPACTS
 Loss of life/Mortality
a) 174,500 causality, 51,500 missing, and roughly 1.5 million people displaced.
b) Most of the loss of life occurred in the, Indonesia. The tsunami destroyed almost every village,
town, road, and bridge built atbelow10m(33ft) elevation.
c) In India 75%of the 10,700 fatalities were in the southeast state of India.
 ECONOMIC LOSSES
a) Over all economic losses from the tsunami was estimated at $10 billion, with 75% of the loss
attributed to the damage in the Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and India.
b) These losses include damage to residential and commercial buildings and infrastructure, including
roads, water supply system, electric power systems, schools, hospitals and other healthcare
facilities.
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
a) Environmental and medical threats include water pollution and flooding and endemic diseases.

12. RESPONSE
DURING THE TSUNAMI
These include initiatives taken to ensure that the
needs activities taken under emergency response
activities.
 Move inland to higher ground and stay there.
 Stay out of building if water remains around it.
 Ensure the safe drinking water, reserve of food
and essential goods.
 Emergency operations.
 Act as a disaster nurse.
 Provide immediate assistance.
 Try to give first aid to serve the people.
AFTER THE TSUNAMI
• Stay away from damaged are until officials
say it is safe to go back.
• Stay away from debris in water-could cause
health and safety risks.
• Help injured or trapped people.
• give first aid and arrange the health centers.
• Arrange the shelters.
• Arrange funds for affected people.
• Check food and water supplies.
• To help for reducing the spreading of all
diseases by tsunami.
• To help the cleaning the environment.

13. RECOVERY
A long term outcome of a disaster, when restoration efforts are in addition to regular services. Returning
the community to normal.
 Allocate the temporary houses.
 Claim processing and grants.
 Long term medical care and counselling.
 Rebuilding society.
 Livelihood
 Social security.
 Health care and rehabilitation.
 Help to increasing infrastructure.

14. CONCLUSION
Now at the end I conclude that tsunami is one of the ultimate natural
disasters which will lead to the loss of several lives and properties.
government of different countries and states especially from the areas
near coastal region must take various useful measures to decrease the loss
that this natural disasters can cause and we should accept that
government alone by it self can take only some safety measures but the
major part is in our hand , we can decide our fate by not getting so afraid
and following the instructions.

15. Under
Supervision of
Dr. Saleha Jamal Ma’am
Dr. Ahmad Mujtaba sir
Presented By
SACHIN KUMAR
20GGB423
GJ9733