A tsunami is a series of waves caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other disturbances under water have the potential to generate tsunamis. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the deadliest natural disasters in recorded history, caused by an earthquake under the Indian Ocean with a magnitude of 9.1-9.3 that killed over 227,000 people across 14 countries, mostly in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand. It highlighted the need for improved warning systems for tsunamis in the Indian Ocean.

2. WHAT IS TSUNAMI?
 A Tsunami also known as a seismic sea
wave or as a tidal wave, is a series of
waves in a water body caused by the
displacement of a large volume of water,
generally in an ocean or a large lake..
 Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, underwater
explosions and other disturbances have the
potential to generate tsunami.

3. HISTORY OF TSUNAMIS.
 Tsunamis are an often underestimated
hazard in the Mediterranean Sea region and
Europe in general.
 The 1755 Lisbon earthquake and tsunami
(which was caused by the Azores–Gibraltar
Transform Fault), The 1783 Calabrian
earthquakes were one of the most
devastating tsunamis.

4. PICTURES OF THE LISBON TSUNAMI.

5. INDIAN OCEAN DISASTER
 The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami occurred
at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with an
epicenter off the west coast of Sumatra,
Indonesia.
 The event is known by the scientific
community as the Sumatra–Andaman
earthquake
 It Occurred on 26th DECEMBER.

6. WHY IT HAPPENEND?
 The Undersea Megathrust Earthquake was
caused when the Indian Plate was sub
ducted by the Burma Plate and triggered a
series of devastating tsunamis along the
coasts of most landmasses bordering the
Indian Ocean.
 It killed nearly 230,000 people in 14 different
countries.
 Indonesia was the hardest-hit country,
followed by Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand.

7. WHAT WAS THE MAGNITUDE ?
 With a magnitude of Mw 9.1–9.3, it is the
third-largest earthquake ever recorded on a
seismograph.
 With This Type of Magnitude, It caused the
entire planet to vibrate as much as 1
centimeter( 0.04inches)
 It triggered Earthquake in Far-Away places
like Alaska in USA.

8. WHAT WAS THE DEATH TOLL AND CASUALTIES.
 According to the U.S. Geological Survey a
total of 227,898 people died.
 Relief agencies reported that one-third of the
dead appeared to be children.
 Almost 130,736 were killed in Indonesia and
more than 500,000 were displaced.
 Almost 2,464 foreigners were killed in the
tsunami who came to Indonesia for holiday.

9. HUMANITARIAN, ECONOMIC AND
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
 A great deal of humanitarian aid was needed
because of widespread damage of the
infrastructure, shortages of food and water,
and economic damage.
 Nations all over the world provided over
US$14 billion in aid for damaged regions.
 Severe damage has been inflicted on
ecosystems such as Mangroves, Coral
Reefs, Forests, Coastal Wetlands,
Vegetation, Sand dunes and Rock
formations.

10. PICTURES OF THE DISASTERS.

11. EVENT IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT
 The last major tsunami in the Indian Ocean
was about A.D. 1400.
 The 2004 earthquake and tsunami combined
are the world's deadliest natural disaster
since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake.
 The 2004 tsunami is the deadliest in recorded
history.
 The most deadly tsunami prior to 2004 was
Italy's 1908 Messina Earthquake on the
Mediterranean Sea.

12. THE SIGNS AND WARNINGS.
 Despite a lag of up to several hours between
the earthquake and the impact of the
tsunami, nearly all of the victims were taken
completely by surprise.
 There were no tsunami warning systems in
the Indian Ocean to detect tsunamis or to
warn the general populace living around the
ocean.
 Tsunamis are much more frequent in the
Pacific Ocean because of earthquakes in the
"Ring of Fire”.

13. THE OTHER EFFECTS OF TSUNAMI.
 Many health professionals and aid workers
have reported widespread psychological
trauma associated with the tsunami.
 The hardest hit area, Aceh, is considered
to be a religiously conservative Islamic
society and has had no tourism nor any
Western presence in recent years due to
armed conflict between the Indonesian
military and Acehnese separatists.

14. THE OTHER EFFECTS OF TSUNAMI
 Others have said that Allah was angry that
there were Muslims killing other Muslims in
an ongoing conflict.
 The widespread devastation caused by the
tsunami led the main rebel group GAM to
declare a cease-fire on 28 December 2004
followed by the Indonesian government.
 In a poll conducted in 27 countries by Globe
Scan for BBC World Service, 15 percent of
respondents named the tsunami the most
significant event of the year.

15. THE OTHER EFFECTS OF TSUNAMI
 26 December 2004 Asian Tsunami left both
the people and government of India in a state
of heightened alert.
 Three days after the Tsunami, Indian
National Congress president Sonia Gandhi
called Science & Technology minister Kapil
Sibal to express her concern about Sibal's 30
December public warning being "hogwash".

16. THE OTHER EFFECTS OF TSUNAMI
 Another result of the tsunami, respective
toward Indian culture, was the water that
washed away centuries of sand from some
of the ruins of a 1,200-year-old lost city at
Mahabalipuram on the south coast of
India.
 The tsunami had a severe humanitarian
and political impact in Sweden.
 The hardest hit country outside Asia, 543
Swedish tourists, mainly in Thailand, died.

17. THANK YOU FOR SEEING MY PROJECT.
BUT WE SHOULD NOT FORGET THE DISASTER VERY SOON ,
AND SHOULD ALWAYS PRAY FOR ALL OF THEM WHO DIED IN THE
TSUNAMI.