Trypanosoma by waqas shahid from preston university islamabad
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This document summarizes key information about Trypanosoma brucei, the protozoan parasite that causes sleeping sickness in humans. It describes the parasite's life cycle, which involves transmission between humans and tsetse flies. It notes that there are three subspecies of T. brucei that infect different host species. The document outlines the differences in progression and symptoms between infections caused by T. b. rhodesiense versus T. b. gambiense, including that T. b. rhodesiense causes a more rapid onset and T. b. gambiense a slower progression over years if left untreated.
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Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma is a genus of parasitic protozoa that can cause diseases like sleeping sickness in vertebrates. It is transmitted by insect vectors and exists in different morphological forms depending on its host. In vertebrates it is usually trypomastigote form, which is elongated with an undulating membrane and flagellum. In invertebrates it can be procyclic or epimastigote forms. Its life cycle involves multiplication in the blood of vertebrates followed by transmission back to the insect when it takes a different form. Symptoms in infected animals include fever, anemia, edema and emaciation. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood and tissue or animal inoculation. Treatment options
Trypanosoma parasite zeinab klaab
Trypanosoma brucei causes sleeping sickness in humans. It is transmitted through the bite of the tsetse fly. The parasite has a complex life cycle involving both the tsetse fly vector and mammalian hosts. There are two stages of the disease: initially a hemolymphatic stage with fever and lymphadenopathy, followed by invasion of the central nervous system causing neurological symptoms. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood or lymph node biopsy to detect the parasite. Treatment options include drugs such as suramin.
Class Kinetoplasta
- The document discusses the class Kinetoplasta, which includes protozoan parasites known as trypanosomes. These parasites can infect humans, plants, and other animals.
- Trypanosomes have unique characteristics such as a large mitochondrion called a kinetoplast and organelles called glycosomes. They also undergo RNA editing.
- The major family described is the Trypanosomatidae, which contains important pathogens like Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania species. These parasites undergo complex life cycles involving mammalian and insect hosts.
Trypanosoma
The basic description of African and American Trypanosomiasis along with Laboratory diagnosis and Current Treatment Options.
Trypanosoma
This document describes Trypanosoma brucei, a parasitic protist that causes human and animal diseases. It has 3 subspecies (T. b. brucei, T. b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense) that cause different forms of trypanosomiasis. It completes its life cycle between an insect vector like the tsetse fly and a mammalian host. The parasite undergoes different life stages and uses variable surface proteins to evade the host immune system. Various Trypanosoma species infect different vertebrate hosts through different insect vectors, causing diseases such as sleeping sickness, surra, nagana, and Chagas disease.
Trypanosoma
Trypanosomiasis is caused by pathogenic Trypanosoma and is endemic in Africa and South America. It is transmitted between hosts by blood-sucking insects. Trypanosoma brucei causes African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and exists in the vertebrate host as trypomastigotes, passing between hosts via the tsetse fly vector. The disease occurs in two stages with initial symptoms of fever and swelling followed by neurological involvement if untreated. Diagnosis involves blood, lymph node aspirate, or CSF examination to detect the parasites.
Trypanosomes
Trypanosomiasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma and transmitted via blood-sucking insects. It manifests as either African sleeping sickness or Chagas disease. African sleeping sickness is caused by T. b. gambiense or T. b. rhodesiense transmitted by tsetse flies, while Chagas disease is caused by T. cruzi transmitted by reduviid bugs. The diseases present with fever, headaches, and other nonspecific symptoms, progressing in African sleeping sickness to mental dullness and sleepiness. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasites in blood or tissue samples or through serological tests.
Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma is a protozoan parasite that causes sleeping sickness in humans. It has a complex life cycle involving transmission between mammalian hosts and tsetse fly vectors. In humans, the parasite initially causes fever and lymphadenopathy before invading the central nervous system and potentially causing coma or death if left untreated. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood or tissue samples and serological tests. Treatment depends on the stage of infection, with drugs targeting the early acute stage or late central nervous system involvement.
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Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma is a genus of parasitic protozoa that can cause diseases like sleeping sickness in vertebrates. It is transmitted by insect vectors and exists in different morphological forms depending on its host. In vertebrates it is usually trypomastigote form, which is elongated with an undulating membrane and flagellum. In invertebrates it can be procyclic or epimastigote forms. Its life cycle involves multiplication in the blood of vertebrates followed by transmission back to the insect when it takes a different form. Symptoms in infected animals include fever, anemia, edema and emaciation. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood and tissue or animal inoculation. Treatment options
Trypanosoma parasite zeinab klaab
Trypanosoma brucei causes sleeping sickness in humans. It is transmitted through the bite of the tsetse fly. The parasite has a complex life cycle involving both the tsetse fly vector and mammalian hosts. There are two stages of the disease: initially a hemolymphatic stage with fever and lymphadenopathy, followed by invasion of the central nervous system causing neurological symptoms. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood or lymph node biopsy to detect the parasite. Treatment options include drugs such as suramin.
Class Kinetoplasta
- The document discusses the class Kinetoplasta, which includes protozoan parasites known as trypanosomes. These parasites can infect humans, plants, and other animals.
- Trypanosomes have unique characteristics such as a large mitochondrion called a kinetoplast and organelles called glycosomes. They also undergo RNA editing.
- The major family described is the Trypanosomatidae, which contains important pathogens like Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania species. These parasites undergo complex life cycles involving mammalian and insect hosts.
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The basic description of African and American Trypanosomiasis along with Laboratory diagnosis and Current Treatment Options.
Trypanosoma
This document describes Trypanosoma brucei, a parasitic protist that causes human and animal diseases. It has 3 subspecies (T. b. brucei, T. b. gambiense, T. b. rhodesiense) that cause different forms of trypanosomiasis. It completes its life cycle between an insect vector like the tsetse fly and a mammalian host. The parasite undergoes different life stages and uses variable surface proteins to evade the host immune system. Various Trypanosoma species infect different vertebrate hosts through different insect vectors, causing diseases such as sleeping sickness, surra, nagana, and Chagas disease.
Trypanosoma
Trypanosomiasis is caused by pathogenic Trypanosoma and is endemic in Africa and South America. It is transmitted between hosts by blood-sucking insects. Trypanosoma brucei causes African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) and exists in the vertebrate host as trypomastigotes, passing between hosts via the tsetse fly vector. The disease occurs in two stages with initial symptoms of fever and swelling followed by neurological involvement if untreated. Diagnosis involves blood, lymph node aspirate, or CSF examination to detect the parasites.
Trypanosomes
Trypanosomiasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Trypanosoma and transmitted via blood-sucking insects. It manifests as either African sleeping sickness or Chagas disease. African sleeping sickness is caused by T. b. gambiense or T. b. rhodesiense transmitted by tsetse flies, while Chagas disease is caused by T. cruzi transmitted by reduviid bugs. The diseases present with fever, headaches, and other nonspecific symptoms, progressing in African sleeping sickness to mental dullness and sleepiness. Diagnosis involves identifying the parasites in blood or tissue samples or through serological tests.
Trypanosoma
Trypanosoma is a protozoan parasite that causes sleeping sickness in humans. It has a complex life cycle involving transmission between mammalian hosts and tsetse fly vectors. In humans, the parasite initially causes fever and lymphadenopathy before invading the central nervous system and potentially causing coma or death if left untreated. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood or tissue samples and serological tests. Treatment depends on the stage of infection, with drugs targeting the early acute stage or late central nervous system involvement.
Sleeping Sickness Presentation
1) The document summarizes a scientific study that examines the in vivo dynamics of antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite that causes sleeping sickness, through next-generation sequencing of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat.
2) The study finds complex VSG expression dynamics during infection, with some VSG variants consistently dominant while others are only minor. Nearly half of all observed VSG variants appeared in all infections.
3) Contrary to expectations, the results show that VSG switching does not occur at a high enough rate to account for the level of immune evasion and diversity observed in natural infections, suggesting additional unknown mechanisms of VSG expression dynamics.
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Trypanosomes are the etiologic agents of trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness. There are two main species that cause disease: Trypanosoma brucei, which causes African trypanosomiasis, and Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes American trypanosomiasis or Chagas disease. The parasites have complex life cycles involving different mammalian and insect hosts and can infect multiple tissues in humans, ultimately invading the central nervous system and causing symptoms such as lethargy, tremors and coma. Prevention relies on controlling the tsetse fly vectors and avoiding insect bites, while diagnosis involves microscopic examination of blood and tissue samples to identify the parasitic organisms.
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This document discusses Trypanosoma, a genus of parasitic protozoa. It notes that Trypanosoma have a corkscrew-like motion and require more than one host to complete their lifecycle. The document outlines that Trypanosoma bruci causes sleeping sickness, while Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease. It also summarizes the lifecycles of Trypanosoma bruci and Trypanosoma cruzi, including their transmission between hosts by vectors like tsetse flies and their pathogenesis in humans.
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1) The document summarizes a scientific study that examines the in vivo dynamics of antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei, the parasite that causes sleeping sickness, through next-generation sequencing of the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat.
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- The parasites have complex life cycles involving human and mosquito hosts. They are transmitted via the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes.
- Symptoms include periodic fevers, chills, fatigue and others. Diagnosis is typically via examination of blood smears under microscopy.
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Trichinella spiralis is a nematode that causes the disease trichinosis. It has a direct lifecycle between pigs and humans. Humans typically become infected by eating undercooked pork containing encysted larvae. The larvae are released in the stomach and penetrate the intestine to mature into adults. The females release larvae that travel through blood vessels to encyst in muscle tissue, where they can survive for years. Symptoms vary from none to severe muscle pain and inflammation depending on the infection level. Diagnosis involves muscle biopsy or serology. Treatment involves antiparasitic medication and corticosteroids for severe cases. Prevention focuses on properly cooking pork and controlling infection in pig populations.
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Clade Excavata The Excavates consist of a group of unicellular organis.pdf
Clade Excavata
The Excavates consist of a group of unicellular organisms that have modified mitochondria
which undergo anaerobic respiration. Most have a body groove (hence excavation) which may
act as a point of anchorage for their flagella. Examples include Giardia lambia , a human
intestinal parasite transmitted by contaminated drinking water; Trychonympha sp., a mutualistic
symbiont living in the gut of termites that aids in the digestion of wood; Euglena sp., a
photosynthetic flagellate common in pond water; and Trypanosoma sp., a human blood parasite
that causes African sleeping sickness.
Diplomonads
Figure 1. Giardia lambia is an intestinal parasite of vertebrates. It has a feeding stage called a
trophozoite in its life cycle and a cyst stage. What you are looking at is the trophozoite. Note the
two nuclei (that look like eyes) and the flagella (it has four to six although you might not see
them all).
Euglenozoans
Euglena gracilis is referred to as a mixotroph -both heterotrophic and autotrophic.
Figure 2. Trypanosoma spp. are blood parasites with insect vectors. The circles in the image
above are red blood cells. The protist has an long flagellum that runs its entire the length.
Question: What feature(s) do the excavates above share in common? Select all that apply.
1. Stigma (eye spot)
2. Multicellular
3. Heterotrophic
4. Photosynthetic
5. Flagellae
6. Parasitic
7. Motility
8. Cilia
.
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Classification of fungi
Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that reproduce both sexually and asexually. They include mushrooms, yeasts, molds, and crop parasites. Fungi play important roles in symbiotic relationships with plants. They are classified into two divisions - Myxomycota containing plasmodial fungi and Eumycota containing filamentous fungi. Eumycota is further divided into five subdivisions - Mastigomycotina, Zygomycotina, Ascomycotina, Basidiomycotina, and Deuteromycotina - based on characteristics like cell structure, life cycle, and mode of reproduction. Many fungi are plant pathogens that cause diseases in important crop species
lecture3jdjdjdjdjdjdjdjjdjd Gt.pdfuojsisososoksksssk
This document provides an overview of the Kingdom Protozoa. It discusses the characteristics of protozoa including their modes of locomotion, nutrition, respiration, excretion, and reproduction. It then describes the four phyla of protozoa - Mastigophora, Ciliophora, Sarcodina, and Apicomplexa - and provides examples such as Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Plasmodium, and Toxoplasma gondii. Key details about the life cycles and diseases caused by these protozoan pathogens are also summarized.
UNIT 3 BACTERIA.pptx
Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms that lack chlorophyll and reproduce primarily through binary fission. They can take on a variety of shapes including spherical, rod-shaped, spiral or filamentous. Many plant pathogenic bacteria are motile using flagella and pili. Bacteria are classified based on cell structure and morphology. Important characteristics include whether they are gram positive or gram negative and their shape. Reproduction occurs through both asexual binary fission and occasionally through genetic exchange.
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Species Concept-
Typological, nominilistic, Biological , sibling species, subspecies, Race and Variety
protozoa.pptx
Protozoa are microscopic, eukaryotic, unicellular organisms that are classified into four subphyla based on their structures and methods of locomotion and nutrition. They exhibit a variety of reproductive strategies including asexual reproduction through binary fission or multiple fission and sexual reproduction through conjugation or syngamy. Many protozoa alternate between parasitic and free-living stages in their life cycles or can live as commensals with other organisms. Common protozoan diseases affecting humans include malaria, amoebiasis, African sleeping sickness, and giardiasis.
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Trypanosoma by waqas shahid from preston university islamabad
- 1. PRESENTATION
- 2. • Kingdom Protista : sub kingdom: Protozoa Phylum Sarcomastigophorea: Subphylum Mastigophorea: Class Zoomastigophorea: lack chloroplasts, heterotrophic (Trypanosoma) classification
- 3. Unicellular(euglena) colonial(volvox) locomotion(pseudopodia or flagella)or both. Autotrophic, saprozic, heterotrphic. Largest protozoan phylum(18,000)species. SARCOMASTIGOPHOREA
- 4. Sub phylum mastigophorea Class Phytomastigophorea Class zoomastigophorea Plant like Autotrophs Pigments (chlorophyll,xanthoph yll etc) e.g dinoflagellates, Euglena,volvox. Heterotrophs, No pigments. Some members of this class are important parasites of human. e.g. Trypanosoma
- 5. • T.brucei is divided into three subspecies. T.b.brucei, T.b.rhodesiense, T.b.gambiense. The first specie is parasite of nonhuman mammals of africa. The latter two cause sleeping sickness in human.(African Trypanosomiasis) tsetse flies are intermidiate host and vectors of all three species. TYPES of Trypanosoma brucei
- 6. .Tsetes fly takes blood meal.(injects parasite) called metacyclic trypomastigotes. 2.Injected metacyclic is transformed into blood stream trypomastigotes (which are carried to other sites) 3.trypomastigotes multiply by binary fission in body fluids(lymph, spinal fluid) 4.Now trpomastigotes are present in the blood and ingested by tseste fly. Life cycle.
- 7. 5.binary fission occur and blood stream tr.. Transform into procyclic tryp… (in gut). 6.leave the gut and transform into epimastigoets and when it reach the salivary glands it multyply and transform into metacyclic trypomastigoets. Which is infective stage . continue
- 8. Clinical course of sleeping sickness has two stages: In first stage parasite is present in peripheral circulation and has not invaded the CNS. Once parasite crosses the blood brain barrier it infects CNS. Disease enter into second stage. Both subspecies have different rate of disease progression. disease:
- 9. Progress rapidly, develop a sore at the site of bite. Develop fever, headache, develop lymph nodes. After few weeks of infection parasite enters theCNS causing deterioration and neurologic prblems. Death ensures within few months T.b.rhodesiense(east african)
- 10. Progress slowly,mild symptoms. Intermittet fevers, headaches, joint aches,weight loss. After 1-2 years involvement of CNS personality changes,day time sleepiness, nighttime sleep disturbance, progressive confusion. Partial paralysis,or problem with balance and walking. T.b.gambiense(west african)
- 11. Untreated infection rarely lasts longer than 6-7 years and more often kills in about 3 years. Continue.
- 12. Thanks………