MICROBIOLOGY COURSE

1. FATIMA KHALID
BS.ZOOLO.F-15-E-37

2. PRESENTATION TOPIC:
–ZOOFLAGELLATES

3. INTRODUCTION:
– Zooflagellates are non-photosynthetic flagellates without
plastids or cell walls which feed by phagocytosis or endocytosis.
– Zoomastigophora is a phylum (more commonly known as
zooflagellates) within the kingdom Protista.
– Organisms within this group have a spherical, elongated body
with a single central nucleus.

4. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
They mostly asexually reproduce by binary fission because sexual reproduction is
rare.
Most Zooflagellates are free-living, though some can be parasites.
They live in freshwater and some inside of organisms.
They are animal-like protist.
Very few are colonial.
They cause diseases in humans, such as the African sleeping sickness.

5. SINGLE CELLED ORGANISM:
– They are single-celled, heterotrophic
eukaryotes and may form symbiotic
relationships with other organisms,
including Trichomonas.
– Trichomonas is a genus of anaerobic
excavate parasites of vertebrates. TRICHOMONAS

6. EXAMPLES:
GIARDIA
– It infects the human intestine, causing
abdominal cramps and even diarrhea.
– Has two separate nuclei.
– Does not perform cellular respiration,
because they obtain their food by
fermentation.
– They contain tiny forms of
mitochondria that make bundles of
iron and sulfur, which are used in
Giardia's process in making ATP.
GIARDIA LAMBLIA

7. TRIPANOSOMA AND TRICHONYMPHA
– It can cause African sleeping sickness, which is a
disease that is caused when the tsetse fly bites
and spreads it.
– It gives off a toxin that can destroy the host’s red
blood cells, resulting in the host to weaken.
– It is parasitic.
– TRICHONYMPHA
– It has enzymes that digest the cellulose in wood,
which contributes to the nutrition of the termite.
Without it, the termite would die because
termites would not be able to digest the
cellulose.
– It has a symbiotic relationship with termites.
– Lastly, it is extremely motile.
TRIPANOSOMA
TRICHONYMPHA

8. PARASITIC ZOOFLAGELLATES
TRIPANOSOMA
SPECIES
TRIPANOSOMA BRUCEI
TRIPANOSOMA GAMBIENS
TRIPANOSOMA RHODESIENSE

9. CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF AFRICAN SLEEPING
SICKNESS
TRIPANOSOMA
RHODESIENSE
TRIPANOSOMA
GAMBIEN

10. TRANSMISSION CYCLE
TSETSE FLY

11. OVIEW OF PARASITES :
SPECIES HOST EFFECT
TRIPANOSOMA BRUCEI NON HUMAN MAMMALS
TRIPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE HUMANS AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS
TRIPANOSOMA RHODESIENSE HUMANS AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS
TRICHONYMPHA TERMITES HELP IN WOOD DIGESTION
LEISHMANIA HUMANS LEISHMANIASIS
TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS HUMANS SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION
GIARDIA LAMBLIA HUMANS GIARDIASIS

12. REFERENCES:
– Cavalier-Smith, T. (1995). Zooflagellate
phylogeny and classification. Tsitologiia, 37(11),
1010-1029.
– ZOOLOGY (4TH EDITION) MILLAR AND HARLEY

13. MADAM ZUBAIDA QAYYUM