The presentation discusses the life cycle of the malaria parasite Plasmodium. When an infected female Anopheles mosquito bites a human, it injects sporozoites into the bloodstream. The sporozoites travel to the liver and multiply. They then infect red blood cells and multiply further within the blood cells. This causes the classic fever and chills symptoms of malaria. Some parasites develop into gametocytes within the blood cells. These gametocytes cannot complete their life cycle within humans, and must be consumed by another mosquito. Within the mosquito's gut, the gametocytes form male and female gametes which fuse to form zygotes. The zygotes develop into oocyst

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MALARIAMALARIA
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3. When an female AnophelsWhen an female Anophels
mosquito Penetrates human skinmosquito Penetrates human skin
to obtain a blood meal, it injectsto obtain a blood meal, it injects
saliva.saliva.
 If the mosquito is infected withIf the mosquito is infected with
Plasmodium,it will also injectPlasmodium,it will also inject
elongated Sporozoites into theelongated Sporozoites into the
Blood stream of its victim.Blood stream of its victim.

4.  The Sporozoite travel to theThe Sporozoite travel to the
Liver where they enter liverLiver where they enter liver
cells & rapidly divide asexually.cells & rapidly divide asexually.
This asexual division , which isThis asexual division , which is
called Schizogony,generatescalled Schizogony,generates
the next life cycle form calledthe next life cycle form called
Merozoites.Merozoites.
The released Merozoites invadeThe released Merozoites invade
other liver cells & enter hosts’other liver cells & enter hosts’
blood stream,where they invadeblood stream,where they invade

5. Once inside the erythrocytes, theOnce inside the erythrocytes, the
Merozoite begins to enlarge as aMerozoite begins to enlarge as a
uninucleate cell termed a ringuninucleate cell termed a ring
trophozoite.The trophphozoitetrophozoite.The trophphozoite
nucleus then divides asexually tonucleus then divides asexually to
produce a Schizont which containsproduce a Schizont which contains
several nuclei.several nuclei.

The Schizont then divides &The Schizont then divides &
produces mononucleatedproduces mononucleated
Merozoites.Merozoites.


6.  The Erythrocytes ruptures & releasesThe Erythrocytes ruptures & releases
toxins throughtout the body of host,toxins throughtout the body of host,
bringing about the well known cycle ofbringing about the well known cycle of
fever & chills that is characerstics offever & chills that is characerstics of
Malaria.Malaria.
 Plasmodium enters a sexual phase whenPlasmodium enters a sexual phase when
some merozoites in the Erythrocytes developsome merozoites in the Erythrocytes develop
into gametocytes, Cells capable of producinginto gametocytes, Cells capable of producing
both male & female gamates.Erythrocytesboth male & female gamates.Erythrocytes
containing gametocytes do not rupture.containing gametocytes do not rupture.

7.  Gametocytes are incapable of producing gamatesGametocytes are incapable of producing gamates
within their human hosts & do so only when theywithin their human hosts & do so only when they
are extrcted from an infected human host by aare extrcted from an infected human host by a
mosquito.mosquito.
 With in the Gut of mosquito, the gametocytesWith in the Gut of mosquito, the gametocytes
form male & female gamatesform male & female gamates
 The resultant Diploid zygotes develops with in theThe resultant Diploid zygotes develops with in the
mosquitoes intestinal walls & ultimatlymosquitoes intestinal walls & ultimatly
differentiatly into oocystdifferentiatly into oocyst

8.  Within the oocysts,repeated mitoticWithin the oocysts,repeated mitotic
divisions takesplace, producingdivisions takesplace, producing
large number of Sporpzoites.large number of Sporpzoites.
 These Sporozoites migrate to theThese Sporozoites migrate to the
salivary glands of the mosquito &salivary glands of the mosquito &
from they are injected by thefrom they are injected by the
mosquito into the blood stream ofmosquito into the blood stream of
a human,thus starting the life cyclea human,thus starting the life cycle
of parasite again.of parasite again.