Organisms are classified into a hierarchical classification that groups closely related individuals.
The species is the basic biological unit around which classifications are based.
Species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. The biological species concept has been prevalent in the evolutionary literature for the last several decades and is emphasized in many college-level biology courses. It is probably the species concept most familiar to biologists in diverse fields, such as conservation biology, forestry, fisheries, and wildlife management. Species defined by the biological species concept have also been championed as units of conservation. The species concept for most phycologists is based on the morphological characters and hence the term ‘species’ means morphospecies. On the other hand, for evolutionary biologists, the term means biological species that can be defined as a reproductive community of populations (reproductively isolated from others) that occupy a specific niche in Nature.
Organisms are classified into a hierarchical classification that groups closely related individuals.
The species is the basic biological unit around which classifications are based.
Species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding populations which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. The biological species concept has been prevalent in the evolutionary literature for the last several decades and is emphasized in many college-level biology courses. It is probably the species concept most familiar to biologists in diverse fields, such as conservation biology, forestry, fisheries, and wildlife management. Species defined by the biological species concept have also been championed as units of conservation. The species concept for most phycologists is based on the morphological characters and hence the term ‘species’ means morphospecies. On the other hand, for evolutionary biologists, the term means biological species that can be defined as a reproductive community of populations (reproductively isolated from others) that occupy a specific niche in Nature.
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which reproductively isolated biological populations evolve to become distinct species.There are few mechanisms through which this process can be well understood.
To determine the variation and the limitation between species, many concepts have been proposed.
When a taxonomist study a particular taxa, he/she must adopted a species concept and provide a species limitation to define this taxa.
Plant kingdom as other living kingdoms has a hierarchy structure ends mostly with species rank.
Species are one of the basic units to compare in almost all fields of biology.
A species is defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals are capable of reproducing fertile offspring, typically using sexual reproduction.
Definition of a species as a group of interbreeding individuals cannot be easily applied to organisms that reproduce only or mainly asexually.
If two lineages of oak look quite different, but occasionally form hybrids with each other, should we count them as different species?
Idea of a species is something that we humans invented for our own convenience.
‘‘No matter what variations occur in the individuals or the species, if they spring from the seed of one and the same plant, they are accidental variations and not such as distinguish a species permanently; one species never springs from the seed of another nor vice versa” - JOHN RAY.
Used a sexual system ‘‘natural system” for defining species - LINNAEUS.
‘‘A species is a collection of all the individuals which resemble each other more than they resemble anything else, which can by natural fecundation produce fertile individuals, and which reproduce themselves by generation, in such a manner that we may from analogy suppose them all to have sprung from one single individual” - DE CANDOLLE.
1.Definition and basic concepts of Biosystematics, , Historical perspectives of Biosystematics and Taxonomy, Stages of taxonomic procedures-alpha taxonomy, Beta taxonomy and Gamma taxonomy,
Neo taxonomy.
Kinds of taxonomic publications,taxonomic review ,revision, monograph,atlas,s...Anand P P
kinds of taxonomic publication mainly deals with different types of taxonomic publications.the taxonomy deals with several types of publications mainly that help to over all exchange of taxonomic information,its is a world wide taxonomic communication.
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which reproductively isolated biological populations evolve to become distinct species.There are few mechanisms through which this process can be well understood.
To determine the variation and the limitation between species, many concepts have been proposed.
When a taxonomist study a particular taxa, he/she must adopted a species concept and provide a species limitation to define this taxa.
Plant kingdom as other living kingdoms has a hierarchy structure ends mostly with species rank.
Species are one of the basic units to compare in almost all fields of biology.
A species is defined as the largest group of organisms in which two individuals are capable of reproducing fertile offspring, typically using sexual reproduction.
Definition of a species as a group of interbreeding individuals cannot be easily applied to organisms that reproduce only or mainly asexually.
If two lineages of oak look quite different, but occasionally form hybrids with each other, should we count them as different species?
Idea of a species is something that we humans invented for our own convenience.
‘‘No matter what variations occur in the individuals or the species, if they spring from the seed of one and the same plant, they are accidental variations and not such as distinguish a species permanently; one species never springs from the seed of another nor vice versa” - JOHN RAY.
Used a sexual system ‘‘natural system” for defining species - LINNAEUS.
‘‘A species is a collection of all the individuals which resemble each other more than they resemble anything else, which can by natural fecundation produce fertile individuals, and which reproduce themselves by generation, in such a manner that we may from analogy suppose them all to have sprung from one single individual” - DE CANDOLLE.
1.Definition and basic concepts of Biosystematics, , Historical perspectives of Biosystematics and Taxonomy, Stages of taxonomic procedures-alpha taxonomy, Beta taxonomy and Gamma taxonomy,
Neo taxonomy.
Kinds of taxonomic publications,taxonomic review ,revision, monograph,atlas,s...Anand P P
kinds of taxonomic publication mainly deals with different types of taxonomic publications.the taxonomy deals with several types of publications mainly that help to over all exchange of taxonomic information,its is a world wide taxonomic communication.
These slides contain short definitions and history of systematic zoology and taxonomy. The information in slides is taken from 2-3 taxonomy books and lectures from university at master level.
This article includes Basics classification like binomial nomenclature, Taxa hierarchic, Five kingdoms of Robert H. Whittaker, Levels of Organization, and Classificationa and features of Protozoa, Porifera and Coelenterata
Emp1003 biodiversity and classificationAntoine Vella
This presentation describes how organisms are classified by biologists (taxonomy) and how the system developed. There is also a very brief description of the main taxa.
Hypersensitivity can be defined as a state of altered immune response against an antigen characterized by hyper reactivity leading to immunopathology
Hypersensitivity reactions require a pre-sensitized (immune) state of the host.
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This ppt is for class 12th students of state board as well as CBSE board.
This presentation contain exercise of state board chapter.
it will helpful to NEET aspirants as well as for B.Sc. students also
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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1. SPECIES CONCEPT
Varieties, Subspecies, Sibling Species, Race
Mr. Akash Bagade
M.Sc. Zoology, NET, GATE
LECTURER IN ZOOLOGY
Post Graduate Department of Zoology,
Prof. Ramkrishna More ACS College Akurdi,
Pune-44
2. Species:-
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of
biological classification.
It most commonly refers to a group of physically
similar organisms that can exchange genetic
information and produce fertile offspring.
4. Species Concepts:-
• 1. Typological Species Concept:
• According to this concept, there are a number of
diversities on the surface of the earth that exist as a
limited number of types.
• These types do not bear any relationship to each other.
These types are called species.
• This concept, was in the philosophies of Plato and
Aristotle and was the species concept of Linnaeus and
his followers. Cain (1954, 1956) regarded the above
concept as the morpho-species concept. Another group
of scientists refer to this as essentialist species concept
because the members of a taxon or the species can be
recognised by their essential characters.
5. Species Concepts:-
• 2. Nominalistic Species Concept:
Occan, the proponent of this concept and his
followers (Buffon, Bessey, Lamarck, etc.) believed
that only individuals exist but do not believe in the
existence of species.
Species are man’s own creations and have no actual
existence in nature. Therefore, such concept (i.e.,
species) of man has no value. This concept was
popular in France in 18th century and still now is
used among some botanists.
6. Species Concepts:-
3. Biological Species Concept:-
Due to some incompleteness in the above mentioned
concepts a new concept the biological species
concept emerged in the middle of 18 century. The
concept took a number of years to get its foot in the
soil of biology.
K. Jordan (1905) first gave the definition of
biological species concept. Later Mayr proposed the
biological species concept. According to this
concept, “a species is a group of interbreeding
natural population that is reproductively isolated
from other such groups”.
7. VARIETY
In botanical nomenclature, variety is a taxonomic rank
below that of species and subspecies but above that of
form. As such, it gets a three-part infra-specific name.
A variety will have an appearance distinct from other
varieties, but will hybridize freely with those other
varieties (if brought into contact).
A Variety is a plant that is only slightly different from
the species plant, but the differences are not so
insignificant as the differences in a form. The Latin is
varietas, which is usually abbreviated to var.
The name follows the Genus and species name,
with var. before the individual variety name.
Ex. (Ranunculus flammula subsp. flammula) var.
tenuifolius
9. SUBSPECIES
A taxonomic category that ranks below species,
usually a fairly permanent geographically isolated
race. Subspecies are designated by a Latin trinomial.
A subspecies cannot be recognized independently. A
species will either be recognized as having no
subspecies at all or at least two (including any that
are extinct).
11. SIBLING SPECIES
Sibling species are species which look alike, but
cannot breed with each other.
The classic case is Drosophila pseudoobscura and
D. persimilis. They are almost identical, but they do
not interbreed.
Another example was the European mosquito
known as Anopheles maculipennis. This turned out
to be a cluster of six different species, some of
which transmit malaria, and some do not.
12. SIBLING SPECIES
Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis are structurally
similar except minor differences in wing size, genitalia and sex
comb, gene arrangement.
13. RACE
The biological definition of race is a geographically
isolated breeding population that shares certain
characteristics in higher frequencies than other
populations of that species, but has not become
reproductively isolated from other populations of the
same species.