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Tropical rainforest
Tropical rainforests exist within 28 degrees north and south of the equator. They receive high rainfall, have warm temperatures, and high humidity. Though they cover less than 6% of the Earth's land, they are home to 50% of animals and plants and produce 40% of the oxygen. The layers include the forest floor, understory, canopy, and emergent layer, each with distinct characteristics. Abiotic factors like temperature, precipitation, soil and humidity influence the forest as do biotic interactions between plants and animals. Human activities like deforestation, agriculture, mining, pollution and climate change threaten these important ecosystems.
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Tropical rainforest
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- 2. • within thelatitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). • An average of 50 to 260 inches (125 to 660 cm.) of rain falls yearly. • Temperature-higher than 93 °F (34 °C) or drops below 68 °F (20 °C) • Humidity- between 77 and 88%;
- 3. • Covered lessthan 6% of the Earth’s land surface • 50% of animals and plants live • Produce 40% of Earth’s oxygen • Two-thirds of all flowering plants can be found in rainforests. • A single hectare 42,000 different species of insect, up to 807 trees of 313 species and 1,500 species of higher plants.
- 5. Major rainforest inthe world
- 6. Types of tropicalforest • Lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests • Moist deciduous and semi-evergreen seasonal forests • Montane rain forests • Flooded forests
- 7. Lowland equatorial evergreen rain forests • forests which receive high rainfall (more than 2000 mm, or 80 inches, annually) throughout the year • Occurs at the belt of the equator
- 8. Moist deciduous andsemi- evergreen seasonal forests • high overall rainfall with a warm summer • wet season and a cooler winter dry season • Some trees shed off their leaves on winter season
- 9. Montane rain forests •cloud forests • Found in cooler-climate mountain areas • Latitude is between 1500 to 3300 m
- 10. Flooded forest • Permanently waterlogged swamp forest • Seasonally waterlogged swamp forest • Lower floodplain forest • Middle floodplain forest • Upper floodplain forest • Old floodplain forest • Previous floodplain
- 11. Layers of RainForest
- 12. Forest floor • ForestFloor – bottom-most layer – receives only 2% of the sunlight – Low vegetation-low sunlight penetration – contains decaying plant, animal matter and fungi – Several species of reptiles, amphibians and insects – Also some large mammals
- 13. Understory • Lies betweenthe canopy and the forest floor • home to a number of birds, small mammals, insects, reptiles, and predators • about 5% of sunlight breaches the canopy to arrive at the understory causing true understory plants to seldom grow to 3 m (10 feet) • plants have broad leaves
- 14. Canopy • primary layerof the forest • contains the majority of the largest trees, typically 30–45 m in height • Tall, broad-leaved evergreen trees • Supports rich flora and diverse fauna
- 15. Emergents • contains asmall number of very large trees, called emergents • reaching heights of 45–55 m • few species will grow to 70–80 m tall • unique faunal species inhabit this layer(crowned eagle, king colobus, and large flying fox
- 16. Abiotic and Biotic factors
- 17. Abiotic Factors • Temperature • Precipitation • Soil • Humidity
- 18. Biotic Factors • Plants •Animals
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- 21. Human Impact Mining anddrilling Conversion to agriculture land Climate Change
- 22. Human impact • Deforestation •Urbanization • Pollution • Poaching • Tourism