Trigonometry is the branch of mathematics concerned with specific functions of angles and their application to calculations. It emerged in the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomy. There are six trigonometric functions - sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, and cosecant - that are used to obtain unknown angles and distances from known or measured angles in geometric figures. Trigonometry studies relationships involving lengths and angles of triangles and is commonly used to find distances and heights.