this presentation consist of introduction to types of nerves, structure of nerve and cranial nerves. there is a detail description about, origin , course of the trigeminal nerve and its branches and the structures supplying the nerve. it also contains applied anatomy of the nerve and its importance of the nerve in oral and maxillofacial surgeries. a detail description about the examination of the trigeminal nerve is also mentioned in the presentation. hoping that it would be useful to the students and people seeking for knowledge about the trigeminal nerve.
Crispy seminar on trigeminal or dentists nerve
treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in detail
including gamma knife cryotherapy glycerol injections
radiofrequency lesioning
pretty useful for last minute brush ups at both undergraduate as well as masters level from both theory as well as practical point of view
This document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) in 12 sections. It discusses the elementary structure of neurons, classification of cranial nerves, embryology and nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, the trigeminal ganglion, and the three divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular) and their branches. Diagrams are included to illustrate the course and branches of the trigeminal nerve. The presentation provides detailed anatomical information about the trigeminal nerve and related structures.
Trigeminal Nerve and its applied aspectsAMBARKHAN4
The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve. It has both sensory and motor components. The sensory root relays sensory information from the face to the trigeminal ganglion, and the motor root controls muscles of mastication. The trigeminal ganglion contains cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurons. The trigeminal nerve then divides into three main branches: the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. These branches provide both sensory and motor innervation to the face, scalp, and associated structures.
This document summarizes the trigeminal nerve, including its embryology, anatomy, branches, functions and clinical considerations. It begins with the embryology of the pharyngeal arches and how they relate to nerve development. It then describes the trigeminal ganglion, roots and nuclei. The three divisions of the trigeminal nerve and their branches are outlined. Clinical tests for examining the trigeminal nerve and classifying injuries are summarized. Common causes of trigeminal nerve injuries and their treatment approaches are briefly discussed.
This lecture was prepared for second year MBBS students of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. Here six cranial nerves are described in short and other six are described in detail. You are requested to see the youtube videos for understanding course of the cranial nerves. The lecture was delivered by Dr. Zobayer Mahmud Khan, lecturer, Departmenyt of Anatomy, SSMC.
Fifth cranial nerve
Have a large sensory root and a small motor root.
Motor root arises – arises from the lateral aspect of lower pons (cranially) the motor root cross the apex of the petrous temporal bone beneath the superior petrosal sinus, to enter the middle cranial fossa.
Sensory root – arises from the lateral aspect of lower pons (caudally).
RELATIONS
Medially
(a) internal carotid artery
(b) posterior part of cavernous sinus
Laterally - middle meningeal artery
Superiorly - parahippocampal gyrus
Inferiorly
motor root of trigeminal nerve
(b) greater petrosal nerve
(c) apex of the petrous temporal bone
(d) foramen lacerum.OPTHALIMIC DIVISION
Terminal branches of Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, are
1. Frontal
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
2. Nasociliary
Branch of ciliray ganglion
2-3 long ciliary nerves
Posterior ethmoidal
Infratrochlear
Anterior ethmoidal
3. Lacrimal
Branches
From main trunk
Meningeal branch
Nerve to medial pterygoid
From the anterior trunk
Sensory branch
Buccal nerve
Motor branch
Masseteric
Deep temporal nerve
Nerve to lateral pterygoid
From the posterior trunk
Auriculotemporal
Lingual
Inferior alveolar nerves
Crispy seminar on trigeminal or dentists nerve
treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in detail
including gamma knife cryotherapy glycerol injections
radiofrequency lesioning
pretty useful for last minute brush ups at both undergraduate as well as masters level from both theory as well as practical point of view
This document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) in 12 sections. It discusses the elementary structure of neurons, classification of cranial nerves, embryology and nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, the trigeminal ganglion, and the three divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular) and their branches. Diagrams are included to illustrate the course and branches of the trigeminal nerve. The presentation provides detailed anatomical information about the trigeminal nerve and related structures.
Trigeminal Nerve and its applied aspectsAMBARKHAN4
The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve. It has both sensory and motor components. The sensory root relays sensory information from the face to the trigeminal ganglion, and the motor root controls muscles of mastication. The trigeminal ganglion contains cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurons. The trigeminal nerve then divides into three main branches: the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. These branches provide both sensory and motor innervation to the face, scalp, and associated structures.
This document summarizes the trigeminal nerve, including its embryology, anatomy, branches, functions and clinical considerations. It begins with the embryology of the pharyngeal arches and how they relate to nerve development. It then describes the trigeminal ganglion, roots and nuclei. The three divisions of the trigeminal nerve and their branches are outlined. Clinical tests for examining the trigeminal nerve and classifying injuries are summarized. Common causes of trigeminal nerve injuries and their treatment approaches are briefly discussed.
This lecture was prepared for second year MBBS students of Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka. Here six cranial nerves are described in short and other six are described in detail. You are requested to see the youtube videos for understanding course of the cranial nerves. The lecture was delivered by Dr. Zobayer Mahmud Khan, lecturer, Departmenyt of Anatomy, SSMC.
Fifth cranial nerve
Have a large sensory root and a small motor root.
Motor root arises – arises from the lateral aspect of lower pons (cranially) the motor root cross the apex of the petrous temporal bone beneath the superior petrosal sinus, to enter the middle cranial fossa.
Sensory root – arises from the lateral aspect of lower pons (caudally).
RELATIONS
Medially
(a) internal carotid artery
(b) posterior part of cavernous sinus
Laterally - middle meningeal artery
Superiorly - parahippocampal gyrus
Inferiorly
motor root of trigeminal nerve
(b) greater petrosal nerve
(c) apex of the petrous temporal bone
(d) foramen lacerum.OPTHALIMIC DIVISION
Terminal branches of Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve, are
1. Frontal
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital
2. Nasociliary
Branch of ciliray ganglion
2-3 long ciliary nerves
Posterior ethmoidal
Infratrochlear
Anterior ethmoidal
3. Lacrimal
Branches
From main trunk
Meningeal branch
Nerve to medial pterygoid
From the anterior trunk
Sensory branch
Buccal nerve
Motor branch
Masseteric
Deep temporal nerve
Nerve to lateral pterygoid
From the posterior trunk
Auriculotemporal
Lingual
Inferior alveolar nerves
The document provides information about the trigeminal nerve (CN V), which is the largest of the cranial nerves. It has both sensory and motor components. The trigeminal nerve has three main divisions - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. It innervates most of the face and provides sensory innervation to the teeth and oral cavity. The trigeminal nerve nuclei are located in the pons and midbrain. The trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurons. The branches and distribution of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve are described in detail.
This document discusses the anatomy and classification of the 12 cranial nerves. It describes the nuclei, course, and distribution of each nerve. The cranial nerves are classified as sensory, motor, or mixed. Their nuclei are located in various areas of the brainstem. The nerves exit the skull at specific foramina and supply structures of the head and neck.
This document provides information on the 12 cranial nerves:
- The cranial nerves originate from the brain and exit the cranial cavity through foramina or fissures. They are divided into sensory, motor, and mixed nerves.
- The origins, course, and functions of each cranial nerve are described in detail. The olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves are sensory only, while the oculomotor, trochlear, abducent, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves are motor only. The remaining nerves are mixed.
- Images from MRI scans illustrate the anatomy and pathways of several cranial nerves. Lesions involving specific cranial nerves and their resulting clinical presentations
This document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) in 12 sections. It discusses the structure of neurons and nerves, lists and classifies the 12 cranial nerves, describes the embryological development and nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, details the trigeminal ganglion and course of the trigeminal nerve, and outlines its three main branches (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular) and their distributions. The document provides a comprehensive anatomical description of the trigeminal nerve in under 3 sentences.
physiology of trigeminal nerve, UMNL& LMNL facial paralysis, tastedina merzeban
The trigeminal nerve has both motor and sensory functions in the face. It innervates muscles of mastication and stimulates glands. The trigeminal nerve receives sensations of touch, pain, and temperature from the face and sensations of taste from the front of the tongue. Damage to different branches of the trigeminal nerve will lead to problems in the corresponding regions of the face.
Nerve supply of head & neck by Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi, Oral Surgeon, Pune All Good Things
Hi. This is Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi. Oral & Maxillofacial surgeon from Pune, India. I am here on slideshare.com to share some of my own presentations presented at various levels in the field of OMFS. Hope this would somehow be helpful to you making your presentations. All the best.
The document discusses the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) in three sentences: It describes the trigeminal nerve as the largest cranial nerve, a mixed nerve with both motor and sensory components. It originates from the trigeminal ganglion and divides into three main branches - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves - which innervate the face and associated structures. The document provides detailed information on the embryology, nuclei, course and branches of the trigeminal nerve.
The document discusses the 12 pairs of cranial nerves. It provides detailed information on the olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducent, and facial cranial nerves. It describes the embryology, course, distribution and functions of these nerves. It also discusses various clinical conditions that can arise from injuries or lesions to the different cranial nerves.
The anatomy of the nerve supply of the head and neck has many significant applications in maxillofacial surgery. Understanding these important anatomic relations- variations enables surgeons to perform the surgical procedures safely. Knowledge of these concepts helps us to recognize the problems and complications as and when they occur and manage them accordingly.
The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve and is a mixed nerve containing both sensory and motor fibers. It has three major divisions - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve innervates the face above the eyes. The maxillary nerve innervates the midface, and the mandibular nerve innervates the lower face and jaw muscles. The trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of the pseudounipolar neurons whose axons make up the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem are involved in relaying sensory information from the trigeminal nerve.
The document provides information about the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division. It discusses the embryology, nuclei, functional components, and branches of the trigeminal nerve. It then focuses on the ophthalmic division, describing its introduction, branches including the lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary nerves. It also discusses the ciliary ganglion and some clinical aspects like corneal reflex and herpes zoster ophthalmicus.
This document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve, which is the fifth cranial nerve. It begins with an introduction to cranial nerves and then discusses the specific nuclei, ganglia, and divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The three divisions - ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves - are described in detail regarding their course, branches, and sensory and motor functions. Key structures discussed include the trigeminal ganglion, gasserian ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and submandibular ganglion. The document concludes with a recap of the main branches of the trigeminal nerve.
The document summarizes several cranial nerves and associated ganglia. It describes the Trigeminal nerve as the 5th cranial nerve that provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication. It also outlines the three main branches of the Trigeminal nerve - the Ophthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular nerves. Each branch innervates different facial regions and structures such as the eyes, nose, mouth, and face. The document also briefly discusses some associated parasympathetic ganglia like the Ciliary, Pterygopalatine, and Otic ganglia.
trigeminal nerve and pathology/rotary endodontic courses by indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
MICROSURGICAL ANATOMY OF CRANIAL NERVESpankaj patel
The document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), including its anatomy, branches, nuclei, functions, and clinical applications. It describes CN V as a mixed nerve that has both motor and sensory components. The three major branches of CN V are the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves, each innervating a different area of the face and skull. Key clinical correlations discussed include trigeminal neuralgia and Wallenberg syndrome.
The document discusses the trigeminal nerve, including its anatomy and branches. It describes the maxillary nerve in detail, including its origin, course, branches both within the cranium and on the face. It discusses several clinical implications and conditions related to trigeminal nerve injury or involvement, such as trigeminal neuralgia, maxillary sinus infections, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and tumors affecting the trigeminal nerve ganglia or branches.
The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves. It has both sensory and motor functions. The trigeminal nerve divides into three main branches - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve is purely sensory and innervates parts of the face including the eye, forehead, and nose. It divides further into the lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary nerves. The frontal nerve gives off the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves which supply the forehead.
The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves and provides sensory and motor innervation to the face. It has three major branches - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve further divides into the frontal, lacrimal, and nasociliary nerves. The nasociliary nerve branches into the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves which supply sensory innervation to the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.
The document provides information about the anatomy and function of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) and the condition of trigeminal neuralgia. It discusses the embryology, nuclei, course and branches of the trigeminal nerve. It also describes trigeminal neuralgia as a condition involving sudden, severe pain in the face triggered by light touch. The document summarizes treatment options for trigeminal neuralgia which include medications and surgical procedures. It also briefly discusses herpes zoster ophthalmicus and Wallenberg syndrome in relation to the trigeminal nerve.
The third cranial nerve, also known as the oculomotor nerve, originates from nuclei located in the midbrain and controls most of the extraocular muscles as well as the iris and ciliary body. It is responsible for eye movement, pupil constriction, and accommodation. Damage to the third cranial nerve results in ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, mydriasis, and loss of accommodation due to paralysis of the extraocular muscles, sphincter pupillae, and ciliary body respectively.
The document provides information about the trigeminal nerve (CN V), which is the largest of the cranial nerves. It has both sensory and motor components. The trigeminal nerve has three main divisions - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. It innervates most of the face and provides sensory innervation to the teeth and oral cavity. The trigeminal nerve nuclei are located in the pons and midbrain. The trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurons. The branches and distribution of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve are described in detail.
This document discusses the anatomy and classification of the 12 cranial nerves. It describes the nuclei, course, and distribution of each nerve. The cranial nerves are classified as sensory, motor, or mixed. Their nuclei are located in various areas of the brainstem. The nerves exit the skull at specific foramina and supply structures of the head and neck.
This document provides information on the 12 cranial nerves:
- The cranial nerves originate from the brain and exit the cranial cavity through foramina or fissures. They are divided into sensory, motor, and mixed nerves.
- The origins, course, and functions of each cranial nerve are described in detail. The olfactory, optic, and vestibulocochlear nerves are sensory only, while the oculomotor, trochlear, abducent, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves are motor only. The remaining nerves are mixed.
- Images from MRI scans illustrate the anatomy and pathways of several cranial nerves. Lesions involving specific cranial nerves and their resulting clinical presentations
This document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) in 12 sections. It discusses the structure of neurons and nerves, lists and classifies the 12 cranial nerves, describes the embryological development and nuclei of the trigeminal nerve, details the trigeminal ganglion and course of the trigeminal nerve, and outlines its three main branches (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular) and their distributions. The document provides a comprehensive anatomical description of the trigeminal nerve in under 3 sentences.
physiology of trigeminal nerve, UMNL& LMNL facial paralysis, tastedina merzeban
The trigeminal nerve has both motor and sensory functions in the face. It innervates muscles of mastication and stimulates glands. The trigeminal nerve receives sensations of touch, pain, and temperature from the face and sensations of taste from the front of the tongue. Damage to different branches of the trigeminal nerve will lead to problems in the corresponding regions of the face.
Nerve supply of head & neck by Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi, Oral Surgeon, Pune All Good Things
Hi. This is Dr. Amit T. Suryawanshi. Oral & Maxillofacial surgeon from Pune, India. I am here on slideshare.com to share some of my own presentations presented at various levels in the field of OMFS. Hope this would somehow be helpful to you making your presentations. All the best.
The document discusses the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) in three sentences: It describes the trigeminal nerve as the largest cranial nerve, a mixed nerve with both motor and sensory components. It originates from the trigeminal ganglion and divides into three main branches - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves - which innervate the face and associated structures. The document provides detailed information on the embryology, nuclei, course and branches of the trigeminal nerve.
The document discusses the 12 pairs of cranial nerves. It provides detailed information on the olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducent, and facial cranial nerves. It describes the embryology, course, distribution and functions of these nerves. It also discusses various clinical conditions that can arise from injuries or lesions to the different cranial nerves.
The anatomy of the nerve supply of the head and neck has many significant applications in maxillofacial surgery. Understanding these important anatomic relations- variations enables surgeons to perform the surgical procedures safely. Knowledge of these concepts helps us to recognize the problems and complications as and when they occur and manage them accordingly.
The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve and is a mixed nerve containing both sensory and motor fibers. It has three major divisions - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve innervates the face above the eyes. The maxillary nerve innervates the midface, and the mandibular nerve innervates the lower face and jaw muscles. The trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of the pseudounipolar neurons whose axons make up the trigeminal nerve. The trigeminal nuclei in the brainstem are involved in relaying sensory information from the trigeminal nerve.
The document provides information about the trigeminal nerve and its ophthalmic division. It discusses the embryology, nuclei, functional components, and branches of the trigeminal nerve. It then focuses on the ophthalmic division, describing its introduction, branches including the lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary nerves. It also discusses the ciliary ganglion and some clinical aspects like corneal reflex and herpes zoster ophthalmicus.
This document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve, which is the fifth cranial nerve. It begins with an introduction to cranial nerves and then discusses the specific nuclei, ganglia, and divisions of the trigeminal nerve. The three divisions - ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves - are described in detail regarding their course, branches, and sensory and motor functions. Key structures discussed include the trigeminal ganglion, gasserian ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and submandibular ganglion. The document concludes with a recap of the main branches of the trigeminal nerve.
The document summarizes several cranial nerves and associated ganglia. It describes the Trigeminal nerve as the 5th cranial nerve that provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication. It also outlines the three main branches of the Trigeminal nerve - the Ophthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular nerves. Each branch innervates different facial regions and structures such as the eyes, nose, mouth, and face. The document also briefly discusses some associated parasympathetic ganglia like the Ciliary, Pterygopalatine, and Otic ganglia.
trigeminal nerve and pathology/rotary endodontic courses by indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
MICROSURGICAL ANATOMY OF CRANIAL NERVESpankaj patel
The document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve (CN V), including its anatomy, branches, nuclei, functions, and clinical applications. It describes CN V as a mixed nerve that has both motor and sensory components. The three major branches of CN V are the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves, each innervating a different area of the face and skull. Key clinical correlations discussed include trigeminal neuralgia and Wallenberg syndrome.
The document discusses the trigeminal nerve, including its anatomy and branches. It describes the maxillary nerve in detail, including its origin, course, branches both within the cranium and on the face. It discusses several clinical implications and conditions related to trigeminal nerve injury or involvement, such as trigeminal neuralgia, maxillary sinus infections, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and tumors affecting the trigeminal nerve ganglia or branches.
The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves. It has both sensory and motor functions. The trigeminal nerve divides into three main branches - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve is purely sensory and innervates parts of the face including the eye, forehead, and nose. It divides further into the lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary nerves. The frontal nerve gives off the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves which supply the forehead.
The trigeminal nerve is the largest of the cranial nerves and provides sensory and motor innervation to the face. It has three major branches - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve further divides into the frontal, lacrimal, and nasociliary nerves. The nasociliary nerve branches into the anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves which supply sensory innervation to the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.
The document provides information about the anatomy and function of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) and the condition of trigeminal neuralgia. It discusses the embryology, nuclei, course and branches of the trigeminal nerve. It also describes trigeminal neuralgia as a condition involving sudden, severe pain in the face triggered by light touch. The document summarizes treatment options for trigeminal neuralgia which include medications and surgical procedures. It also briefly discusses herpes zoster ophthalmicus and Wallenberg syndrome in relation to the trigeminal nerve.
The third cranial nerve, also known as the oculomotor nerve, originates from nuclei located in the midbrain and controls most of the extraocular muscles as well as the iris and ciliary body. It is responsible for eye movement, pupil constriction, and accommodation. Damage to the third cranial nerve results in ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, mydriasis, and loss of accommodation due to paralysis of the extraocular muscles, sphincter pupillae, and ciliary body respectively.
The document provides information on the trigeminal nerve (CN V), including its anatomy, branches, and distribution. Some key points:
- CN V is the largest cranial nerve, supplying sensation to the face and motor function to the muscles of mastication.
- It has three main branches - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves. The ophthalmic nerve innervates the forehead and orbit. The maxillary nerve innervates the midface, and the mandibular nerve innervates the lower face and jaw.
- Each branch has smaller divisions that provide both sensory and motor function to the face, mucosa, and muscles of the head and neck
The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve, providing sensory and motor functions. It has three major divisions - ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular. The trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of pseudounipolar neurons which relay sensory information from the face to the brainstem nuclei. Trigeminal neuralgia is a painful condition characterized by sudden, severe facial pain that may be triggered by light touch. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus affects the ophthalmic division and can cause eye and skin lesions. Wallenberg syndrome results in loss of sensation in patterns due to a stroke affecting the trigeminal nerve tracts.
This document provides an overview of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) including its:
- Intracranial course and branches originating from the trigeminal ganglion
- Three main divisions - ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves
- Branches of each division and the areas they innervate, such as the face, nasal cavity, and oral cavity
- Applied anatomy and clinical significance of parts like the trigeminal ganglion
The trigeminal nerve is the largest cranial nerve. It has both sensory and motor functions. Sensory fibers carry sensations from the face and head to nuclei in the pons and medulla. Motor fibers innervate muscles of mastication. The trigeminal nerve divides into three main branches - the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves - which further branch to innervate regions of the face, scalp and oral cavity.
The cranial nerves originate from specific areas in the brainstem and travel through the cranial cavity to innervate structures in the head and neck. The olfactory nerve transmits smell signals from the nose to the brain. The optic nerve transmits visual signals from the retina to the visual cortex. The oculomotor, trochlear, abducens and trigeminal nerves innervate muscles that control eye movement and sensation in the face respectively.
Trigeminal nerve maxillary nerve and clinical implicationDr Ravneet Kour
The document discusses the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve and its clinical implications. It begins by describing the basic anatomy of neurons, nerves and cranial nerves. It then focuses on the trigeminal nerve as the fifth cranial nerve, describing its nuclei, ganglion and three main branches - the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves. Most of the document details the anatomy and branches of the maxillary nerve, including those in the pterygopalatine fossa, orbit, infraorbital canal and face. It concludes by discussing three clinical implications - trigeminal neuralgia, herpes zoster ophthalmicus and Wallenberg syndrome.
The facial nerve emerges from the brainstem between the pons and medulla. It has motor, sensory, and parasympathetic secretomotor components. During embryonic development, it arises from the second branchial arch. The nerve passes through the internal acoustic meatus and facial canal within the temporal bone. It gives off several branches within the facial canal before exiting at the stylomastoid foramen. Its main branches in the face include the temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical branches which innervate the muscles of facial expression.
SEMINAR V & VI TRIGEMINAL NERVE AND ITS CLINICAL IMPORTANCE FINAL.pptxPrem Chauhan
TRIGEMINAL NERVE AND ITS CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
The IASP defines TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA as an often unilateral orofacial pain disorder that presents as brief and recurrent episodes of an electric shock-like pain and is limited in distribution to one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve.
Fothergill’s disease/tic douloureux
The pons lies between the medulla oblongata and midbrain, connecting them. It contains motor and sensory nuclei for cranial nerves 5-8 and helps transmit signals between the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. The pons has anterior and posterior surfaces and contains fibers, nuclei, and tracts that process sensory information and coordinate motor functions. Damage to different areas can cause deficits like hemiplegia, hearing loss, or facial paralysis.
The pons lies between the medulla oblongata and midbrain, connecting them. It contains motor and sensory nuclei for cranial nerves 5-8. The pons has anterior and posterior surfaces, with the anterior surface convex and containing transverse pontine fibers. Nerves 5-8 emerge from the pons. Internally, the pons contains motor and sensory tracts as well as nuclei including those for cranial nerves 5-8 and the pontine nuclei. The pons plays an important role in motor and sensory functions.
Cranial nerves Not directly associated with the eyeOthman Al-Abbadi
The cranial nerves do not directly relate to the eye, except for the optic nerve (CN II). The 12 pairs of cranial nerves originate from the brain and leave the cranial cavity through openings. The olfactory (CN I), optic (CN II), and vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) nerves are entirely sensory. The facial (CN VII) nerve contains motor, sensory, and parasympathetic components. The glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X) nerves are mixed nerves containing motor, sensory and parasympathetic fibers. The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) is a pure motor nerve that supplies the muscles of the tongue.
This document provides an overview of cranial nerves, with a focus on the trigeminal nerve (CN V). It discusses the organization of the nervous system and related terminologies. It then describes each of the 12 cranial nerves and provides detailed information on CN V, including its sensory and motor roots, nuclei, and three divisions (ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular). The document outlines the course and branches of each division of CN V.
The 12 pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain and pass through openings in the skull bones. They are categorized as sensory, motor, or mixed nerves. The document then proceeds to describe each of the 12 cranial nerves individually, detailing their origin, branches, functions, and innervations. It provides information on sensory and motor fibers for each nerve.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
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genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
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and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
3. INTRODUCTION
•Human nervous system is the
most complex product of
biological evolution which
constitutes of nerve.
• nerves are formed by group
of neurons.
4. •Neurons are specialized cells that constitute the functional unit of the nerve.
• Each neuron consist of a :
1. Cell body (perikaryon)
2. Axon
3. Dendrites
5. •The nervous system consist
of three basic functional
types of neurons:
Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Interneuron
7. • spinal nerves: these nerves are by
which the CNS receives information
from and controls the activity of the
spinal cord and pass through
intervertebral foramen in the
vertebral column.
•There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves
8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar
5 sacral 1 coccygeal
8. •Cranial nerves: by which the brain receives information
from and controls the activities of the head and neck and to
lesser extend the thoracic and abdomen viscera
9. TRIGEMINAL NERVE:
• It is the fifth cranial nerve
• It is the largest nerve
• General somatic afferent fibers convey both:
exteroceptive proprioceptive
impulse impulse
1. mucous membrane 1. teeth
2. periodontium
3. hard palate
4. TMJ receptors
10. Nucleus of trigeminal nerve are:
General somatic afferent brachial efferent nucleus
1. superior sensory nucleus 1. motor nucleus
2. spinal nucleus
3. mesenchephalic nucleus
11. Trigeminal nerve has three branches:
1. Ophthalmic division: it carries sensory
supply from the structures derived from
frontal process. It is purely sensory
2. Maxillary division : carries fibers from
structures derived from maxillary process
It is purely sensory
3. Mandibular division: it carries sensory
fibers from mandibular process and motor
fibers to muscles of mastication
12. EMBRYOLOGY OF THE NERVE
•Nervous system develops from ectoderm around the 3rd week of
development
•It overlies notochord
•At the time when neural plate is formed some cells at the junction of the
neural plate and rest of the ectoderm becomes specialized to form the
primordial of the nuclear crest
•From this neural crest several important structures are derived
13. •The brain and the cranial sensation innervations have their origin in
prediffrentiation period from 3 ectodermal sources:
dorsal neural crest
neural crest
surface epithelium placode
15. •SENSORY ROOT:
the sensation of pain, temperature, touch, pressure from the skin of the
face and mucous membrane travels along the axon whose cell bodies lie
in the trigeminal ganglion .
TRIGEMINAL GANGLION:
it is crecentric in shape
located at the upper surface of the apex of petrous temporal bone
in the middle cranial fossa in a cave called Meckle's cartilage
it is developed from neural crest
the ganglion with its unipolar neurons forms central and peripheral
processes
16.
17. •The periphery process forms the ophthalmic , maxillary and
mandibular division
•The central process forms the sensory root of the nerve.
•It gives off ascending and descending fibers
•The ascending fibers terminates in the upper sensory nucleus and
the descending fibers terminates in the spinal nucleus
•Few fibers from the mandibular nerve enters the mesenchephalic
nucleus
18.
19. TRIGEMINAL NEUCLEUS:
Main sensory nucleus:
• It lies in upper Pons laterally to motor
nucleus .
• It continues below with spinal nucleus.
• This gives rise to the dorsal
trigeminothalamic tract , these sensory fibers
ascends upward , then crosses to
opposite side accompanying the
medial lemniscus thalamus.
• These fibers carry touch and temperature
sensation.
20. Spinal nucleus:
• Continues superiorly with the
sensory nucleus in the Pons and extends
inferiorly through out the medulla oblongata,
into upper part of the spinal cord
as far as the second cervical segment.
• It conveys pain and temperature sensation
21. Mesencephalic nucleus:
• It is composed of column of
unipolar nerve cells situated in the
Lateral part of the grey matter
around the cerebral aqueduct in
the mid brain.
• It extends inferiorly into the
Pons as far as the main sensory nucleus.
• Proprioceptic impulse from
• muscles of mastication and teeth.
22. MOTOR ROOT:
The efferent fibers are passed from cortico nuclear fibers from
both cerebral hemisphere , from reticular formation of the red nucleus,
the tectum and the medial longitudinal fasciculus to the motor nucleus.
Motor nucleus is located in upper Pons medial to main sensory
nucleus.
From the motor nucleus fibers travel along the medial side of
semi lunar ganglion, passes through foramen ovale through which it
joins the sensory root.
25. The nerve leaves the anterior medial
part of the ganglion and exist through
Superior orbital fissure
In middle cranial fossa, the nervus
tentorii branches are given to supply
the Dura
The nerve is divided into 3 branches:
• lacrimal nerve
• frontal nerve
• nasociliary nerve
26. •LACRIMAL NERVE
•It supplies sensory fibers to the gland and adjacent conjunctiva.
• In the orbit, postganglionic secretory fibers from the sphenopalatine
ganglion meet and travel along with the lacrimal gland.
27. FRONTAL NERVE:
•It is divided into :
1. supraorbital
2. supratrochlear.
• Supraorbital: supplies upper eyelid
forehead,
anterior scalp region.
•Supratrochlear: supplies skin of
upper eyelid.
28. NASOCILIARY NERVE:
• Branches are divided into those
1. Arising in orbit
2. Arising in nasal cavity
3. Terminal branches
29. Branches arising from orbit
1.Short ciliary nerve:
2.Long ciliary nerve: they distribute to iris and cornea
these nerve contain post ganglion fibers, from the superior
cervical sympathetic ganglion.
30. 3. Posterior ethmoid nerve: distributes to mucous membrane lining the
posterior ethmoidal cells and the sphenoid sinus
31. •4. Anterior ethmoid nerve: distributes to mucous membrane lining the
anterior ethmoidal cells and frontal sinus.
•Branches:
internal nasal. br
external nasal. br
32. Branches arising from nasal cavity:
Supplies the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity.
Terminal branches:
These terminal branches course below the trochlear nerve to
supply sensory fibers to the skin of the medial part of both eyelids,
lacrimal sac and lacrimal cruncle.
33. •GANGLION ASSOCIATED WITH OPHTHALMIC DIVISION:
Ciliary ganglion: it lies in the posterior part of the orbital cavity to the
lateral side of the optic nerve medial to the rectus lateralis muscle.
The ciliary ganglion has three roots:
1. motor root: ( preganglioin, parasympathetic) these motor fibers
arises from the nucleus of EDINGER WESTPHAL.
the oculomotor nucleus lies in the gray matter in Mesencephalic. The
axons of the autonomic nucleus with the fibers of the oculomotor
nerve to the ciliary ganglion.
They are the visceral efferent bundle that carries preganglioin fibers to
the ciliary ganglion
34. •2. sensory root (postganglionic, sympathetic): the sensory fibers of the
ciliary ganglion are derived from the nasociliary nerve of trigeminal
nerve. This root also carries many postganglionic fiber from cell bodies
of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. They join nasociliary
nerve. They pass through the ganglion without synapses to innervate
the radial fibers of the dilator pupillae muscle in the iris
35. 3. sympathetic root: these fibers may come from the sensory root of
the nasociliary nerve or directly from the internal carotid plexus. Short
ciliary nerves emerges from the anterior border of the ciliary ganglion.
And continue on the posterior surface of the eye ball.
•Fibers of the short ciliary nerves contains sensory, parasympathetic
and sympathetic fibers. They run in the inner surface of the sclera
towards the iris. The post ganglion fibers to the parasympathetic
group innervates the circular or sphincter , muscles fibers of iris, which
cause the pupil to constrict. They also innervates the ciliary muscle,
which change the convexity of the crystalline lens. Post ganglion
fibers of sym[pathetic group pass to the radial fibers of the dilator
papillae muscles of iris
36. MAXILLARY NERVE
It transmits sensory fibers from the skin of face between the lower
eyelid, the mouth, the nasal cavity and the sinus.
37. Branches of maxillary nerve:
in the cranium in pterygopalatine fossa in infaorbital canal on face
Middle meningeal
mid.sup.alv. Nerve ant.sup.alv.nerve
Ganglion branches zygomatic post.aup.alv.nerve
inferior palpebral ext.nasal superior
zygomaticotemporal zyomaticofacial labial
38. 1. Branches with in the cranium:
1. middle meningeal nerve:
immediately after separating from the
trigeminal ganglion, the maxillary nerve gives off
middle meningeal branches.
it passes with the middle meningeal artery.
it fibers supply Dura with sensory fibers.
39. •2. branches in pterygopalatine fossa:
1. pterygopalatine nerve
2. zygomatic nerve
3. posterior superior alveolar
1. pterygopalatine nerve:
1.orbital branches:
supplies periosteum of the orbit
mucous membrane of part of
posterior ethmoidal sinus
40. 2. nasal branches:
1. nasopalatine nerve: 2. posterior superior lateral nasal
nerve
3. Medial or septal branches
41. 3. Palatine branches:
1. greater palatine:
supplies :major part of the hard palate
the palatine gingiva
premaxillary palatine mucosa
floor of the nose and maxillary sinus
2. middle palatine
mucous membrane of the soft palate
3. posterior palatine:
these fibers goes to tonsilar area to supply
tonsil
43. •3. posterior superior alveolar nerve:
descends from the main trunk of the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine
fossa.
An internal branch of the posterior superior alveolar nerve goes with a branch
of the internal maxillary artery through the posterior superior alveolar canal.
Opens on the posterior surface of the maxilla.
It supplies posteriolateral wall of
the maxillary sinus and
the molars and their gingiva
44. •3. branches in the infraorbital canal:
1. middle superior alveolar nerve:
2. anterior superior alveolar nerve:
45. •The innervations of roots of all the teeth bones and periodontal
structures are derives from terminal branches of large nerves.
• These nerves makes network called dental plexus
SUPERIOR DENTAL PLEXUS
dental nerve inter dental branches inter radicular
46. •TREMINAL BRANCHES ON FACE:
•Inferior palpebral
•External or lateral nasal branches
•Superior labial branches
47. MANDIBULAR DIVISION:
It supplies sensory fibers to: It supplies motor fibers to:
Oral cavity Masseter
Tongue Lateral pterygoid muscle
Chin Medial pterygoid muscle
Cheek Temporal muscle
Parotid gland Anterior belly of digastric muscle
Tympanic membrane Mylohyoid
Temporal region Tensor veli palatine
Meninges Tensor tympani
48. BRANCHES OF MANDIBULAR NERVE
Main trunk divided nerve
Nervus spinosus nerve to medial anterior division posterior division
pterygoid muscle nerves to 1. auriculotemporal
1. lateral pterygoid 2. lingual nerve
2. masseter 3. inferior alveolar. N
3. temporal muscle
4. buccal nerve
49.
50. 1.Nervus spinosus:
It supplies: cartilaginous part of Eustachian tube
middle cranial fossa Dura matter in posterior half
mastoid cells
2. Nerve to the medial pterygoid:
It innervates the medial pterygoid
It has branches that passes close to otic ganglion and
supplies tensor veli palatine
Tensor tympani
51. •Branches of anterior division;
branches to lateral pterygoid
branch to masseter
branches to temporal:
anterior deep temporal
posterior deep temporal
long buccal nerve
52. 1. Branches to lateral pterygoid muscle: The nerve passes medial to
the lateral pterygoid muscle to supply the motor nerves to the
muscle
2. Branches to masseter muscle: The nerve passes above the lateral
pterygoid muscle to transverse the mandible notch and enters the
deep side of the muscle
3. Nerve to the temporal muscle:
1. Anterior deep temporal muscle: Passes upward and
crosses the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid bone. It ends in the
deep part of the anterior portion of the temporal muscle.
2. Posterior deep temporal muscle : The nerve passes deep
part of the temporal muscle.
53. 4. Buccal nerve: The nerve passes in between the two heads of the
lateral pterygoid.
It passes downward , deep to the temporal muscle at the lower end of
the lateral pterygoid muscle.
It emerges under the anterior border of masseter muscle continues
anterior lateral direction
At the level of the occlusal plane of mandibular teeth it crosses in front
of anterior border of the rams and enters in to the cheek through
buccinators
It gives of branches to skin over the soft cheek
After piercing the buccinators, it supplies the mucous membrane
adherent to the deep surface of the muscle, passes into the
54. Retro molar triangle and ends by supplying sensory innervations to the
buccal gingiva of the mandibular molars and the adjoining
muccobucal fold
56. auriculotemporal branch:
two roots embraces middle meningeal artery and join to form 1 trunk
between the two heads of the lateral pterygoid
passes between the spenomandiular ligament and the condylar head
Transverse the deep part of parotid gland
Crosses the posterior root of the zygomatic arch
Passes with the auriculotemporal artery
Upward and divides into numerous branches
57. •Communicating branches of the auriculotemporal nerve:
postganglionic parasympathetic secretory fibers
postganglionic sympathetic nerve
communicating branches of facial nerve
•Branches of auriculotemporal nerve:
1. parotid branch
2. articular branch
3. auricular branch
4. metal branch
5. terminal branch
59. •Communicating branches of lingual nerve:
it is joined by corda tympani, a branch of facial nerve about the
base of the skull . These fibers convey secretory fibers from the facial
nerve
The parasympathetic secretory fibers control submandibular ganglion,
where they synapse.
61. •Branches of inferior alveolar nerve :
mental nerve : leaves through mental foramen, and supplies
to mucous membrane lining of the lower lip
incisive nerve: continues anteriorly in the body of the
mandible to form incisive plexus.
62. • mylohyoid nerve: it is motor to mylohyoid muscle and anterior belly
of digastric muscle
64. EXAMINATION OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE:
Purpose:
1. To determine, if any of the modalities of sensation are
impaired.
2. To decide from this whether the lesion lies in one of the
peripheral branch or in the trigeminal ganglion or the sensory root or
in the brain stem
3. To determine the motor lesion is unilateral or bilateral.
65. •Methods of examination:
here the pain and light are main modalities.
6 areas on the face are tested
1. forehead
2. side of the nose
3. malar region
4. upper lip
5. chin
6. anterior part of the tongue
66. •Abnormalities:
1. Total loss of sensation :
over whole distribution of the nerve:
tumor eroding at the base of the skull
large neurofibromatosis lesions
epidermoids
basal injuries
over one or more of the main division:
herpes zoster
acoustic neuroma
67. 2. Only touch is lost: pointic lesion effecting the principal sensory
nucleus
eg: Pontine tumor
Brain stem displacement by large tumor
3. Pain and temperature are lost:
Syrinobulbia
Foramen magnum tumor
Bulbar vascular accidents
Thrombosis of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery
68. 4. Hyperesthesia:
Vascular lesion and herpes
5. Onion skin type of sensory loss:
In nuclear lesion of trigeminal nerve, sensory loss can be in
concentric pattern
This onion skin pattern is useful to understand the pattern of sensory
loss in intrinsic brainstem and spinal cord lesion like syrinx and
vertebrobasilar stroke
69. EXAMINATION OF THE MOTOR NERVE:
Motor function of the trigeminal nerve is tested by evaluating the strength
of masseter muscle contraction. The patient is asked to clench the teeth
together while the clinician feels for equal contraction of the right and left
masseter muscles. This is also done for the temporalis muscles.
70. •When the inferior lateral pterygoid contracts, the mandible is protruded
and/or the mouth is opened. Functional manipulation is best accomplished
by having the patient make a protrusive movement. The most effective
manipulation, therefore, is to have the patient protrude against resistance
provided by the examiner
71. Trigeminal reflexes:
1. corneal reflex: Afferent by trigeminal nerve
Efferent by facial nerve
When the opposite eye doesn't blink, a contra lateral facial nerve palsy may
be the cause
When the untested eye only blinks then the facial nerve palsy is ipsilateral
72. 2. Jaw jerks: Afferent by: mandibular
Efferent by: nerve
Abnormal : Ehe jaw jerks are exaggerated and
the pathologically brisk with lesions
effecting motor nucleus
73. 3. Occulocardiac reflex:
It is the sudden physiology response due to the pressure effect or
stretching of the trigeminal nerve.
It is a triad of bradycardia, bradypne, gastric motility changes due to
efferent activation of the vagal nerve
74. TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA :
•Neuralgia is the pain in the distribution of nerve or nerves
Cause: Arachnoids thickening or Dural contraction
Meningiomas, vascular compression
Demyelization of nerve fiber leads
Multiple sclerosis
Tumor
Location: occurs in two zones: mouth-ear zone
nose-orbit zone
Quality of pain: feels like electrical or red hot needle or machine gun
firing re hot bullets
75. •Triggering of pain:
mouth-ear zone: triggered by motor activities chewing, smiling,
yawning.
nose-orbit zone: provoked by cutaneous trigger.
79. TRIGEMINAL NEUROPATHY:
Neuropathy pain is pain arising as a direct consequence of any lesion
or disease affecting the stomato sensory system.
Painful traumatic neuropathy:
this may occur following major craniofacial or oral trauma.
this has been termed as phantom tooth pain,, atypical odontalgia
or atypical facial pain
neural damages can be as: peripheral neuropathy
ganglionopathy
radiculopathy
80. •Causes:
macro trauma
implants: direct injury
persistent pain associate with injury to small nerves.
proximity between implant and large nerve trunk
mandibular third molar extraction.
Features:
pain – unilateral
moderate to sever – shooting / burning type
sensory dysfunction
•Treatment :
antidepressant + anticonvulsant
81. HERPES ZOSTER OPHTHALMICUS:
Causative agent is: varicella zoster virus
It is recognized as localized vesicular eruption that is limited
to the dermatomes of the sensory spinal or cranial nerves.
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is the involvement of the ophthalmic
division ( frontal branch).
Involvement of nasociliary nerve may produce characteristic vesicles
at the tip of the nose known as Hutchinson's signs
82. The effected dermatomes shows signs of :
hyperesthesia
Pain
Burning sensation
Itching with associated edema
Erythema
Macular rash
84. •TUMORS OF THE NERVE
TRIGEMINAL SCHWANNOMA:
this is a peripheral intracranial nerve sheath tumor that developed at
the base of the skull and originates from the Schwann cells
It is a benign tumor
Symptoms include: facial pain and numbness
headache or hearing issues
Treatment includes : complete microsurgical removal of the lesion
85. •SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE SYNDROME:
a group of neurological deficit expressed by altered functions
of the nerve passing through the superior orbital fissure due to nerves
passing through the superior orbital fissure due to dislocation of bony
fragment or comminuted fracture in the region of superior orbital
fracture
It is also caused by inflammation and tumor
Symptoms: vision loss
periorbital pain
diplopia
anesthesia
lacrimal hyposecretions
86. CONCLUSION:
trigeminal of nerve is the most important nerve pertaining to head,
To know the course and branches of the nerve is at most important
from surgeons point of view as in evident surgical procedures may
lead to nerve damage followed by impaired function of facial
structures.