'Tree planting' is not "Tree growing'!!
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This document discusses the importance of tree growing over tree planting in restoration efforts. It notes that tree planting is often treated as the goal but there is little follow up to ensure the trees grow. As a result, many planted trees do not survive. It recommends that restoration projects commit to growing trees for multiple years after planting by providing water, management, and protecting tree tenure. Partnership models are also needed where responsibilities extend beyond the initial planting to ensure trees survive and landscapes are restored. The key messages are that projects should not promise restoration through just planting alone and that the objective should be growing trees, not just planting them.
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'Tree planting' is not "Tree growing'!!
- 1. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees ‘Tree planting’ is not ‘Tree growing’!! Correcting the discourse to achieve restoration targets through Tree-based interventions Lalisa Duguma, Peter Minang, Judith Nzyoka, Ermias Betemariam, Ramni Jamnadas, Sammy Carsan, Claire Anulisa, et al
- 2. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees How on earth can someone claim he/she has done tree-based restoration on two years project?!!
- 3. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees The media buzz about tree planting So, out of the 13.6 billion, how many are being taken care of to grow successfully?! Google
- 4. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees Even our dignitaries have advanced in that they only plant trees that have already GROWN!!! But why?
- 5. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees What are the outstanding problems in the context of restoration? 1) Goal setting problem: Often tree planting is stated as a goal of an intervention, then what happens after the planting? 2) Poor planning cycles: Planning cycles of national governments which often implement such tree-based interventions are annual. 3) Shifting priorities: In many developing countries priorities shift every year. Environmental issues are of less priority 4) Measures of success: Performance indicators are often number of trees planted or area planted, not number of trees grown, or area of land covered with grown trees. 5) Sustained engagement: Emphasis is on the after-planting management is limited. 6) Tree tenure: There is very weak tree tenure
- 6. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees What is tree growing? Land use plan Land tenure Public Private Communal Actors engagement Actors capacity Actors willingness Biophysical and climatic conditions Tree tenure Species suitability Planting material Type Quality Quantity Water availability Labor availability Value specification Planting Weed management Thinning Pruning Water supply Benefit sharing Beating up Disease & pest control Bylaws for protection Incentives Disincentives Legally binding responsibility Monitoring PlantingPre-planting issues After planting issues Time Affordability Actors preferences Tree planting Tree growing
- 7. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees Tree planting Tree growing
- 8. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees Year 1, 178,409, 38% Year 2, 56,445, 12% Year 3, 51,882, 11% Year 4, 37,773, 8% Year 5, 35,182, 8% Year 6, 33,100, 7% Year 7, 35,500, 8% Year 8, 39,082, 8% What does it take to talk of tree growing? In the field condition, Year 1 and 2 costs comprise only half od the total cost of tree growing. [Assuming we do not abundant it after planting in year 1!!!] Achieving a tree stand that has grown takes at least twice the estimate for the cost of tree planting. Please note this computation is not taking into account the transaction costs which can not be easily costed. Per ha costs in Gambian Dalasi based on assessment for 14 species
- 9. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees Source of fund Responsibility by Tree growing years Description Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Case 1 Donor Donor Donor 100% Case 2 Donor Donor National governments, sub-national sector/counties, local communities Donor Y1-2, National government, sub-national sector/counties, local communities Y3-7 Case 3 National governments National governments National government 100% Case 4 National governments, subnational level National governments Sub-national sector/counties, local communities National government Y1-2, sub- national sector/counties, local communities Y3 -7 Case 5 Local authorities, sub- national sectors/counties, local communities Local authorities and sub-national sectors/counties, local communities Local authorities, sub-national sector/counties 100% Case 6 Philanthropists Philanthropists National governmental/ sub national Philanthropists Y1 – 4, national governments/ sub national Y5-7 Case 7 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) CSR National governmental/ local counties CSR Y1, National government/ local authorities We need a NEW/REVISED partnership model!!!
- 10. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees • Land tenure and land-use restrictions • Tree tenure – affects whether farmers decision to grow trees. • Access to high-quality planting material • Management skill and information often constrain production for lucrative markets. • Market access • In drier agroecosystems, water is among the key determinant of tree growing. • Site-species suitability knowledge is limited especially with climate change altering the suitability of specific sites for trees. • There is a lack of reward mechanisms for environmental services provided by agroforestry. Key Barriers to promote tree growing
- 11. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees Key messages 1. For practitioners: Unless there is a clear framework to take care of the trees after planting, please do not commit to just planting trees. 2. For donors: • Please do not accept a 2-3 years project that promises to restore an area. This is not practical!! • Please ensure support for projects that aim to grow trees after planting. 3. For governments and departments: Tree growing has to be the objective, not tree planting and abandoning.
- 12. Transforming Lives and Landscapes with Trees World Agroforestry (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, P.O Box 30677-00100, Nairobi, Kenya Phone: +254 20 722 4000 Fax: +254 20 722 4001 Email: icraf@cigar.org Website: www.worldagroforestry.org Thank you! Email: L.a.duguma@cgiar.org