This document discusses the properties, techniques, and processes involved with metals. It begins by describing the common physical properties of metals and the three types of material properties: physical, chemical, and ecological. It then explains how metals are obtained through mining, either on the surface or underground. Various techniques are used to extract and process metals, including ferrous metals like iron, steel, and cast iron as well as non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, and titanium. The document concludes by outlining different shaping techniques used to form metals, including shaping, powder metallurgy, casting, and various cutting and joining methods.