Transplantation and tumor immunology
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The document discusses transplantation immunology and the immune response to transplants and tumors. It covers the gradations of relationships between donor and recipient tissue, from autografts which are not rejected to xenografts between different species which are. It describes the mechanisms of acute and chronic allograft rejection and ways to prolong transplant survival, including immunosuppressive drugs. It also discusses tumor antigens, the immune response against tumors, and applications of immunology for tumor diagnosis and therapy.
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Proposed amendments include removing the age limit for cadaver donors, permitting paired donor exchanges between incompatible families, and providing direct compensation to living donors for losses like wages. However, some argue this could promote illegal organ trading.
Organ transplant ppt
Background of organ transplant infrastructure in the US. Some history. Definitions. Nursing Care of the transplant patient in hospital, and home settings. Intended for senior level nursing students in an ADN program
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Guideline on development, production, characterisation and specifications for...
Guideline on development, production, characterisation and specifications for...National Institute of Biologics
This document provides guidelines for the development, production, characterization, and specifications of monoclonal antibodies and related products intended for human use. It covers quality requirements for monoclonal antibodies to be used as medicinal products, including guidelines for development of the monoclonal antibody, production considerations regarding platform manufacturing and viral safety, characterization of physicochemical, immunological and biological properties, and specifications. The document replaces previous guidelines on monoclonal antibodies and sets quality standards for marketing authorization of these products in Europe.Transplantation immunology
Transplantation involves replacing an organ or tissue from a non-self donor with a recipient's own. Transplantation immunology studies the immune response against transplanted tissues that are histoincompatible. Rejection can involve cell-mediated immunity or antibody responses. Transplantation is an effective treatment for organ failure but rejection remains a challenge addressed through immunosuppressive drugs, though better approaches are needed to prevent rejection and reduce drug side effects while improving long-term outcomes.
Effector Mechanisms in Transplant Rejection
The document discusses three major effector mechanisms involved in transplant rejection: cytotoxic T lymphocytes, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, and antibodies with complement activation. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes directly kill donor cells through granzyme exocytosis and Fas/FasL pathways. CD4+ T cells mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity by secreting cytokines like IFN-γ and TNF that activate other immune cells and cause local inflammation and graft injury. Alloantibodies produced by plasma cells via CD4+ T cell help bind donor cells and activate the complement cascade to cause cell lysis or mark cells for destruction by other immune effector cells.
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TRANSPLANTATION AND TUMOUR IMMUNITY (1).pptx
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Graft rejection is due to the reaction of the host to the grafted tissue (host-versus-graft response).
Transplant and Cancer Immunology
Basic concepts of Graft Rejection and immunology of tumor and Immunotherapy for Cancer for UG and PG Medical students.
●TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY SEMINAR BY RANTA OWAIS.pptx
Transplantation involves moving cells, tissues, or organs from one site to another to replace damaged or failed organs. The immune system plays a critical role by potentially rejecting the transplant if it is identified as foreign. There are several types of transplants including autografts within the same person, isografts between genetically identical individuals, allografts between genetically different individuals of the same species, and xenografts between different species. Immunosuppressive drugs are used to prevent transplant rejection by suppressing the immune system but increase risks of infection and cancer.
Transplant immunology final ppt
This document discusses the history and science of organ transplantation. It begins with a brief history, highlighting Nobel Prize-winning discoveries such as the first successful organ transplant between twins in 1954. It then covers key topics like the major histocompatibility complex and mechanisms of graft rejection, such as acute cellular rejection mediated by T cells. The types of transplantation are defined, from autologous to xenogeneic grafts. Prevention of rejection involves tissue typing, immunosuppression, and vaccination. Complications like graft-versus-host disease are also summarized.
Transplantation.pdf
1. The first successful organ transplant was a kidney transplant between identical twins in 1954. Prior attempts at transplantation between non-identical individuals failed due to immune rejection of the organ.
2. Transplant rejection is primarily caused by an immune response against alloantigens (especially MHC molecules) on the donor organ. Both T-cell mediated responses and antibody production can contribute to rejection.
3. Immunosuppressive drugs are used to prevent rejection but have side effects of increased risk of infection and cancer due to generalized immunosuppression. Long-term survival of transplants remains a challenge.
Transplant immunology
This document discusses organ transplantation. It defines different types of transplants including autograft, allograft, isograft, and xenograft. It describes the most common transplants as kidney, heart, and liver transplants. For red blood cell transplants, the success is due to RBCs not expressing MHC antigens. It also discusses immune responses after transplantation, including acute and chronic rejection, and the use of immunosuppressive drugs for induction, maintenance, and specific therapy to reduce rejection.
Transplant & tumor immunology
Transplant immunology involves the transplantation of organs or tissues from one individual to another. There are several types of transplants classified based on the organ/tissue and donor-recipient relationship. Major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) play a key role in triggering immune rejection responses. Graft rejection occurs via sensitization and effector phases, resulting in hyperacute, acute, or chronic rejection. Immunosuppressive drugs are used to prevent rejection, particularly of acute rejection which is most common. Careful matching of donor and recipient MHCs is important to minimize rejection.
GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION AND REJECTON pptx
Graft rejection occurs when the immune system mounts an attack against transplanted tissue that it recognizes as foreign. There are several types of graft rejection depending on the genetic differences between donor and recipient. Allograft rejection, which is between genetically distinct members of the same species, can involve acute, hyperacute, insidious, or chronic rejection as the immune system attempts to eliminate the transplanted tissue over time. Preventing graft rejection requires careful donor-recipient matching and long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs to suppress the immune response.
ORGAN FAILURE AND TRANSPLANTATION MEDICINE
TRANSPLANTATION
GRAFT
ORGAN TRANSPLANT
HEART, KIDNEY, LIVER, LUNG FAILURE
HISTORY
TYPES OF TRANSPLANT
ALLOGRAFT
XENOGRAFT
ISOGRAFT
ALLOGRAFT
TYPES OF DONOR
GRAFT ACCEPTANCE
GRAFT REJECTION
ROLE OF T CELL
GENETICS
RECOGINITION OF ALLOANTIGENS
EFFECT OF HLA MATCHING
ROLE OF BLOOD GROUPS
MECHANISM OF ACCEPTANCE
MECHANISM OF REJECTION
STAGES OF REJECTION
GRAFT VS HOST REACTION
MANIFESTATIONS
PREVENTION OF REJECTION
IMMUNOSUPPRESION
Transplant example presentation
This case presentation discusses a kidney transplant recipient who experienced acute antibody-mediated rejection. The donor and recipient were mismatched at the B cell level on flow cytometry testing prior to transplantation. Despite pre-operative immunosuppression, an intraoperative biopsy found thrombosis and inflammation consistent with rejection. Post-operatively, the patient was given intensive immunosuppression but their kidney function did not improve, requiring transplant nephrectomy. This case illustrates the challenges of transplantation across HLA barriers and the difficulties in reversing acute rejection once it occurs.
Transplantant Rejection: Experimental therapy with Protein A.
1) Organ transplantation involves moving an organ from one body to another to replace a damaged or absent organ in the recipient. Rejection can occur as the recipient's immune system attacks the foreign transplanted tissue.
2) Acute rejection occurs early after transplantation as cellular immunity develops, while chronic rejection explains long-term issues like fibrosis and loss of organ function.
3) Rejection involves both cellular immunity mediated by killer T cells and humoral immunity mediated by antibodies produced by B cells in response to donor antigens and major histocompatibility complex molecules.
Immunopathology 2
The document discusses mechanisms of transplant rejection, including cellular and antibody-mediated rejection pathways. Cellular rejection is mediated by CD8+ T cells through direct recognition of donor antigens or CD4+ T cell recognition after processing by recipient antigen presenting cells. Antibody-mediated rejection can be hyperacute via pre-existing antibodies or acute via antibodies produced after transplantation. Morphologies of rejection include hyperacute rejection within hours, acute rejection within days to months, and chronic rejection over months causing organ failure. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can cause graft-versus-host disease, transplant rejection, or immunodeficiency in recipients.
Relationship of donor and recipient, immunological basis of graft rejection
Relationship of donor and recipient, immunological basis of graft rejectionR.Karthikeyan - Vivekananda College
This document discusses organ transplantation and graft rejection. It describes the relationship between donor and recipient, including autografts, isografts, allografts, and xenografts. It then explains the immunological basis of graft rejection, including the three main types: hyperacute rejection, acute rejection, and chronic rejection. Finally, it discusses the role of immunosuppressive drugs in minimizing graft rejection by controlling the alloimmune response. These drugs include azathioprine, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, basiliximab, cyclosporine, prednisone, sirolimus, and mycophenolic acids.Transplant immunology.pdf
1. Transplant immunology involves replacing nonfunctioning organs or tissues with healthy donor grafts. Major barriers include innate immune responses like complement activation and adaptive responses like allograft rejection mediated by T cells recognizing donor HLA antigens.
2. Acute rejection occurs within days/weeks and includes cellular rejection from CTL killing and antibody-mediated rejection from donor HLA antibodies. Chronic rejection develops over months/years and is characterized by vascular occlusion.
3. Immunosuppression minimizes immunogenicity differences and uses drugs like cyclosporine, tacrolimus and mycophenolate to inhibit T cell responses or antibody production against donor antigens.
immunology and immunodiagnostics
detailed about graft acceptance and rejection. what are the grafts types are available? and mechanism of graft rejection.
TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY
Transplantation involves transferring organs, tissues or cells from one part of the body to another or between individuals. Compatibility of immune molecules like HLA antigens, ABO blood groups, MIC antigens and KIR determines transplant success. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules control immune response and are targets in transplant rejection. Incompatibility can lead to hyperacute, acute cellular or chronic rejection as well as graft-versus-host disease. Immunosuppressive agents like corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies are used to suppress anti-graft immune responses.
TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOLOGY
The document discusses transplantation and the immune response. It begins by defining transplantation as moving cells, tissues, or organs from one site to another, either within an individual or between donors and recipients. There are several types of transplantation - autografts within an individual, isografts between identical twins, allografts between non-identical individuals of the same species, and xenografts between different species. Rejection can be acute, occurring within 6 months, or chronic with repeated acute episodes ultimately causing transplant failure. Immunosuppressive drugs are used to reduce rejection by dampening the immune response.
Principles of organ transplant and Renal transplant
This document provides an overview of organ transplant principles. It defines different types of transplants and discusses transplant immunology, including graft rejection. The key principles covered are pre-operative (patient selection, counseling, informed consent), intra-operative (organ procurement and preservation), and post-operative (assessment, immunosuppression, follow up). Complications and ethical considerations are also mentioned. Overall, the document outlines the major concepts and steps involved in organ transplantation.
Graft verses host reaction and rejection
1. The document discusses graft versus host reaction and rejection, including the history of transplantation and the mechanisms behind graft rejection.
2. It explains that transplantation is the process of moving cells, tissue, or organs from one site to another, and that graft rejection occurs when the recipient's immune system attacks the transplanted tissue as foreign.
3. The mechanisms of graft rejection include cellular mediated rejection by T cells and antibody mediated rejection by antibodies against donor antigens, as well as graft versus host reaction where the transplanted tissue mounts an immune response against the recipient.
transplantation & rejection.pptx assignment 111
Transplantation and graft rejection involves complex immune mechanisms. There are different types of grafts including autografts, isografts, allografts, and xenografts which elicit varying immune responses. Major histocompatibility antigens are the main antigens that cause fast and strong rejection through direct or indirect antigen recognition. Graft rejection is classified as hyperacute, acute, or chronic rejection based on timing and mechanisms involving antibodies, T cells, and inflammation. Prevention strategies aim to minimize rejection by controlling these immune responses.
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