The document discusses different transmission media used for computers and telecommunications, including twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optic, infrared, and microwave transmission. Each type of transmission media has advantages and disadvantages for carrying data signals over physical paths. For example, twisted pair can carry data at faster speeds but is more expensive than coaxial cable, which can support longer cable lengths but is harder to install. Fiber optic can replace heavier metal cables but has a smaller diameter than multi-mode cable. Infrared and microwave transmission do not require cables but are disrupted by obstacles and signal absorption.

1. Transmission Media
The transmission medium is the physical
path by which a message travels
from ...Computers and telecommunication
devices use signals to represent data.

3. Twisted Pair
Advantages : 1. Cheaper and far easier to splice
2. Less susceptible to electrical interference caused by nearby equipment or wires.
3. In turn are less likely to cause interference themselves.
4. Because it is electrically "cleaner", STP wire can carry data at a faster speed.
isadvantages : 1. STP wire is that it is physically larger and more expensive than twisted pa
wire.
2. STP is more difficult to connect to a terminating block.
Coaxial Pair
s : 1. Coaxial cable can support greater cable lengths between network devices than twisted
2. Thick coaxial cable has an extra protective plastic cover that help keep moisture
away.
Disadvantages : 1. Thick coaxial is that it does not bend easily and is difficult to install.
Fiber Optic
Advantages : 1. One single mode fiber can replace a metal of time larger and heavier.
2. Multi-mode optical cable has a larger diameter and can be used to carry signal
over short distance.

4. Infrared
• Advantages-Many things are controlled by
infrared. sensors are invisible to the naked
eye and are very reliable.DisadvantagesMost infrared sensors must be lined up or
they will not work

6. Microwave
•
•
•
•
•
•
Advantages:
No cables needed
Multiple channels available
Wide bandwidth
Disadvantages:
Line-of-sight will be disrupted if any obstacle,
such as new buildings, are in the way
• Signal absorption by the atmosphere.
Microwaves suffer from attenuation due to
atmospheric conditions.
• Towers are expensive to build

7. Microwave
•
•
•
•
•
•
Advantages:
No cables needed
Multiple channels available
Wide bandwidth
Disadvantages:
Line-of-sight will be disrupted if any obstacle,
such as new buildings, are in the way
• Signal absorption by the atmosphere.
Microwaves suffer from attenuation due to
atmospheric conditions.
• Towers are expensive to build