The document provides an overview of networking, defining it as the interconnection of two or more computers for communication and resource sharing. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of networks, including various types of wired (coaxial, twisted pair, and fiber optics) and wireless (radio wave, microwave, infrared, and satellite) transmission media. Key points include installation costs, speed, security, and common applications for each type of cable or transmission method.

1. NETWORKING
Presented By: Kirti Kaushik (13)
Kalki Ramani (25)

2. WHAT IS NETWORK?
 Interconnection of two or more computers.
 Enables to communicate and share available
resources.

3. ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK
Increased speed.
Reduced cost.
Improved security.
Centralized software management.
Flexible access.
Redundancy

4. DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORK
High cost of installation.
Requires time for administration.
Failure of server.
Cable faults.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF NETWORKS BY
TRANSMISSION MEDIA
 The means through which data is transformed from one place to
another is called transmission media.
Transmission media
Wired/Guided Wireless/Unguided

6. WIRED MEDIA
 The connection is through set of wires/cables.
 The topology, size and the protocol of the network decides the
type of the cable used.
TYPES OF CABLES:
Cables
Coaxial cable
Twisted pair cable
Fibre optics cable

7. COAXIAL CABLES
 Very common in communication media.
 Both conductors are copper.
 Between the two conductors lies the insulator to shield the cable
from EMI.
 A final protective cover wraps the copper mesh.
 Coaxial cables vary by gauge and impedance.

8. ADVANTAGES
 Less expensive
 Less susceptible to EMI
 It is easy to wire
 Allows high transfer rates with better shielding materials
DISADVANTAGES
 It is expensive to install for longer distances
 In case of failure in one cable the entire network will be down

9. TWISTED PAIR WIRE
 Made by putting two separate insulated wires together in a
twisted pattern and running them parallel to each other.
 To help avoid signal interference and cross talk.
Twisted pair
cable
Unshielded Sheilded

10. UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP)
 No mesh shielding.
 Best option for LAN NETWORKS.
 UTP is common in Ethernet installations.

11. ADVANTAGES
 High speed
 Less expensive
 Smaller cable
 Easier to work with during installation
DISADVANTAGES
 susceptible to EMI
 not suitable for long-distance networking due to high
attenuation.

12. SHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (STP)
 Extra foil wrapping or mesh shielding to help shield the cable
signals from interference.
 Higher Transmission rate.
 Often used on networks using token ring topology.

13. ADVANTAGES
 High speed
 Resistant to interference
 High data security
DISADVANTAGES
 More expensive
 Difficult to install and maintain.
 Much bulkier so not flexible.

14. FIBRE OPTICS CABLE
 Contains strands of glass fibres inside an insulated casing.
 Transfers digital data signals in the form of light.
 Has high immunity of the effect of lighting.
 Broadens communication possibilities.

15. ADVANTAGES
Very fast
Less susceptible to interference
Low attenuation.
Low Security Risk
DISADVANTAGES
Very much expensive
Difficult to Install.
Fragility.

16. WIRELESS MEDIA
 Enable People To Communicate And Access Applications And
Information Without Wires.
 Provides Freedom Of Movement And The Ability To Extend
Applications To Different Parts Of A Building, City, Or Nearly
Anywhere In The World.
TYPES OF WIRELESS MEDIA
 Radio Wave Transmission.
 Microwave Transmission.
 Infrared Transmission.
 Satellite Transmission.

17. RADIO WAVE TRANSMISSION
 A Network That Uses Electromagnetic Waves Operates At Radio
Frequency And Its Transmissions Are Called Radio Wave
Transmission.
 The Host On Network Attaches To An Antenna That Can Receive
And Send Radio Frequency.
 They Are Omnidirectional.
 Useful For Multicasting.
 They Can Penetrate Through Object.
 Radio Wave Transmitted By One Antenna Can Be Interfered By
Another One Of Same Frequency.
 Frequency Range: Between 3 KHz And 1 GHz.
 Example: Television And Cordless Phone.

18. MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION
 Microwave Transmission Generally Use Point To Point
Communication.
 Able To Transmit Large Quantities Of Data.
 They Travel In Straight Line.
 They Cannot Penetrate Through Solid Objects.
 They Are Used For Long Distance Communication.
 A Source Can Be Directly Focused Without Interfering With The
Neighboring Transmission.
 Frequency Range: Between 1GHz And 300GHz
 Example: Cellular Phones And Garage Door Openers.

19. INFRARED TRANSMISSION
 Infrared Communication Of One Room Don’t Effect The Infrared
Communication Of Other Room.
 It Does Not Pass Through Object Well.
 Can’t Use Infrared Transmission Outside Because Of The
Interference By The Sun.
 Used For Short Range Transmission Where Transmitter Pointed
Towards The Receiver.
 Frequency Range: Between 300GHz And 400 THz.

20. TYPES OF INFRARED TRANSMISSION
POINT TO POINT
 It Is Also Known As Line Of Sight. There Should Be Straight Direct Line With
No Obstruction Between The Workstation And The Transceiver.
SCATTERED
 It Is A Broadcast Of Infrared Transmissions Sent Out In Multiple Directions
That Bounces Off Walls And Ceilings Until It Hits The Receiver.

21. SATELLITE TRANSMISSION
 When radiofrequency technology combine with satellite, it can
provide long distance connections.
 Satellite contains a transponder consisting of a radio receiver and
transmitter.
 Ground station on one side of ocean sends a signal to the
satellite (amplify and send that signal at different angle) that
arrive at the ground station of the other side.
 Easy to install and manage the ground station sites.
 It is used in wide variety of applications which include weather
forecasting, radio/TV signal broadcasting, gathering intelligence
in military

22. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 TEXTBOOK OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MANAGERS BY
DR TEENA BAGGA, DR SANJEEV BANSAL, DR ANITA VENAIK.
 http://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/commun
ication-networks
 https://www.techwalla.com
 http://www.rfwireless-world.com
 https://www.computernetworkingnotes.com/ccna-study-
guide/types-of-wireless-network-explained-with-standards.html
 https://www.coursehero.com
 https://www.techopedia.com

23. THANK YOU