The document provides an overview of guided and unguided media types used in data transmission. Guided media includes open wire, twisted pair, coaxial, and optical fiber cables, while unguided media encompasses radio waves, microwaves, and satellite communication. Each type is detailed with its advantages and disadvantages, highlighting factors like cost, installation difficulty, and performance capabilities.

1. Guided And Unguided Media

2. INDEX
 Guided media
 Open wire
 Twisted Pair Cable
 Coaxial Cable
 Optical Fiber Cable
 Unguided Media
 Radio Waves
 Micro Waves
 Satellite

3. Guided Media
Guided Transmission Media uses a cabling system that guides the data
signals along a specific path . The data signals are bound by the
cabling system . Guided Media is also known as Bound Media or
Wired media .

4. There three basic types of Guided Media :
1. Open Wire
2. Twisted Pair
3. Coaxial Cable
4. Optical Fiber

5. Open Wire

7. Twisted Pair Cable

8. It’s Construction

9. Twisted Pair Cable
Advantages:-
 Cheaper and far easier to splice
 Less susceptible to electrical interference caused by nearby equipment or
wires.
 In turn are less likely to cause interference themselves.
 Because it is electrically "cleaner", STP wire can carry data at a faster
speed.

10. Disadvantages:-
 STP (shielded twisted pair) wire is that it is physically larger and more
expensive than twisted pair wire.
 STP is more difficult to connect to a terminating block.

11. Coaxial Cable

12. Its Construction

13. Coaxial Cable
Advantages:-
 Coaxial cable can support greater cable lengths between network devices
than twisted pair cable.
 Thick coaxial cable has an extra protective plastic cover that help keep
moisture away.
 It has high bandwidth than twisted pair cables.

14. Disadvantages:-
 Thick coaxial is that it does not bend easily and is difficult to install.
 Heavy and bulky to carry.
 Expensive over long distances.

15. Optical Fiber

16. It’s Construction

17. Optical Fiber
 An optical fiber is a transparent thin fibre, usually made
of glass or plastic, for transmitting light.
 This optical fiber can be used as a medium
for telecommunication and networking because it is flexible and can
be bundled as cables.
 The light transmitted through the fiber is confined due to total
internal reflection within the material.

18. Types of transmission modes using Optical
fibre
 Step Index
 Grade index
 Single mode

19. Advantages:-
 Low loss of signal so repeater-less transmission over
long distances is possible
 Large data-carrying capacity(up to 10Tb/s).
 High electrical resistance, so safe to use near high-
voltage equipment or between areas with different
earth potentials.
 Signals contain very little power.

20. Disadvantages:-
 High investment cost.
 Need for more expensive optical transmitters and receivers
 Difficult to install and requires Skilled labour to setup fibre optic carefully
and properly.
 Difficult to splice.

21. Unguided Media
 Here information is transmitted by sending
electromagnetic signals through free space and
hence the name unguided media.
 All unguided media transmission are classified
as wireless transmission.

22. Some of the types of wireless media are:
 RADIO WAVES
 MICRO WAVES
 SATELLITE

23. Radio Wave

24. Radio Wave
 Although there is no clear limit distinction between radio waves and
microwaves,
 electromagnetic waves ranging in frequencies between 3 kHz and 1 GHz
are normally called radio waves.
 Radio waves particularly those of low and medium frequencies, can
penetrate walls

25. Advantages:-
 High data transfer rates of 24 kbps.
 No separate repeater required.

26. Disadvantages:-
 Building,hills can be obstacle and stop the waves from transmitting.
 No security.
 Noise distortion.

27. Microwave

28. Microwave
Microwave signals are used to transmit data without the use of
cables, similar to that of radio and television signals but at
different frequency range .
It is line-of-sight transmission , which means the signal travels in
straight line free of material obstacles .

29. Advantages:-
 They can carry high quantities of information due to their high
operating frequencies.
 Low cost land purchase:each tower occupies small area.
 High frequency/short wavelength signals require small antenna.

30. Disadvantages:-
 Attenuation by solid objects:birds,rains,snow and fog.
 Reflected from surface like water and metal.
 Diffracted(spilt) around solid objects
 Refracted by atmosphere,thus causing beam to be projected away
from receiver.

31. Satellite

32. Satellite
Satellites are set in geostationary orbit over the equator. It has a unit that
receives on one frequency and transmits on another. This geostationary orbit
is 3600km from the earths surface.
The uplink is the transmitter of data to satellite and the downlink is the
receiver of data.

33. Advantages:-
 Satellites can cover large area of Earth.
 Heavy usage of traffic possible.
 High bandwidth.
 Can be cheaper over long distances

34. Disadvantages:-
 Very expensive.
 Difficult to install and maintain.
 High atmosphere losses above 20GHz limit carrier frequencies.

35. Thank You