brief about cables

1. PRESENTED BY
PRAGAT GOYAL
PARTH CHOPRA
REFERED BY:
MRS. PRIYANKA VERMA

2.  An electrical cable comprises two or more wires running side
by side and bonded, twisted, or braided together to form a
single assembly.
 The ends of the cable can be connected to two devices,
enabling the transfer of electrical signals from one device to
the other.
 Cables are used extensively in electronic devices for power
and signal circuits.

3.  A cable is an insulated wire or wires having a protective
casing and used for transmitting electricity or
telecommunication signals.
 Cables are used for any electric connection be it device to
device or device to source.
The basic role of cable is to carry an audio/video or electric
signal from one point to other.
Cables don't convert the signals while transmitting they, just
carry the signals. Hence they can even be called as the
‘messenger of signals’

4. Different types of cables are:
1. Coaxial cables.
2. Optical fibre cables.
3. Twisted pair cables.
4. USB cables.
5. Power cables.

5. In this cable there are two conductors sharing a common
axis. Theses cables are used in LAN'S. E.g.TV cables
The components of coaxial cables are as follows:
A. A centre conductor : This is a solid copper wire .
B. An outer conductor : This forms a tube surrounding the
centre conductor. The outer conductor is called SHIELD.
It serves as a protects inner conductor .
C. An insulation layer : This keeps outer conductor spaced
evenly from the inner conductor.
D. A plastic jacket : This protects cables from damage.

6.  The coaxial cable is primarily used for audio and visual
purposes.
 Modern homes are typically equipped with at least one
coaxial cable outlet in each room. This is because cable
companies primarily use coaxial cables to bring cable
television to their customers.
 Coaxial cables can be connected from the wall outlet directly
to the customer’s television or cable box.
 Another use for coaxial cables is connecting VCRs to a
television.
 A final use of the coaxial cable is attaching a personal
antenna to a television set or digital converter box.

7. THINNET THICKNET
1. THINNET IS A
LIGHT FLEXIBLE
CABLING MEDIUM
THAT IS INEXPENSIVE
AND EASY TO
INSTALL.
THICKNET IS THICKER
THAN THINNET .
IT IS DIFFICULT TO
WORK WITH
THICKNET.
IT HAS ATHICK CORE

8. Advantages :
1. Coaxial cable can support greater cable lengths between
network devices than twisted pair cable.
2. Thick coaxial cable has an extra protective plastic cover that
help keep moisture away.
Disadvantages :
1. Thicknet coaxial is that it does not bend easily and is
difficult to install.

9.  A technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibres) to
transmit data is the optical fibre cables.
 A fibre optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each
of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto
light waves.
 Optical fibre carries much more information than
conventional copper wire and is in general not subject to
electromagnetic interference and the need to retransmit
signals.
 Most telephone company long-distance lines are now made of
optical fibre.

10.  Communication - Telephone transmission method uses fibre-
optic cables which transmit energy in the form of light pulses.
 Medical uses – They can be made in extremely thin, flexible
strands for insertion into the blood vessels, lungs, and other
hollow parts of the body. Optical fibres are used in a number
of instruments that enable doctors to view internal body
parts without having to perform surgery.
 Simple uses - The simplest application of optical fibres is the
transmission of light to locations otherwise hard to reach.
Also, bundles of several thousand very thin fibres assembled
precisely side by side and optically polished at their ends, can
be used to transmit images.

11. ADVANTAGES:
1.CAPACITY: Fiber-optics cable supports high data rates.
2.ATTENUATION: Attenuation is much lower than copper
cables.
3. EMI: Fiber-optic cable does not use electrical signals to
transmit data, therefore they are free from EMI.
DISADVANTAGES :
1.COST: It is expensive compared to others.
2. INSTALLATION: greater skill is required to install fiber-
optic cable. They get damaged if bended sharply. The cable cannot
be stretched.
3. The optical fiber must be highly polished to allow light to pass
with little loss.

12.  A type of cable that consists of two independently insulated
wires twisted around one another. The use of two wires
twisted together helps to reduce crosstalk and
electromagnetic induction.
 While twisted-pair cable is used by older
telephone networks and is the least expensive type of local-
area network (LAN) cable, most networks contain some
twisted-pair cabling at some point along the network.

13. i.) Shielded Twisted Pair Cable: Shielded twisted pair cables
consist of one or more twisted pairs of cables enclosed in a
foil wrap and woven copper shielding.
A. It is costly than coaxial but
less than fibre optics.
A. It has attenuation
ii.) Unshielded Twisted Pair: This cable does no
incorporate a braided shield into its structure
A. It is least costly than any cable.
B. Easy to install

14.  Twisted Pair Cables are used in the media and entertainment
industry for their good insulation features.
 The grounded shield of braided wires further help in the
reduction of electrical and radio frequency interference.
 Twisted Pair Cables are extensively used in Ethernet
networks.
 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cables, type of Twisted Pair
Cables, are used for diverse applications pertaining to
telephone systems and Ethernet networks.

15. ADVANTAGES
1. Cheaper and far easier to splice
2. Less susceptible to electrical interference caused by nearby
equipment or wires.
3. In turn are less likely to cause interference themselves.
4. Because it is electrically "cleaner", STP wire can carry data at a
faster speed.
DISADVANTAGES
1. STP wire is that it is physically larger and more expensive than
twisted pair
wire.
2. STP is more difficult to connect to a terminating block.

16.  USB, short for Universal Serial Bus, defines the cables,
connectors and communication protocols used in a bus for
connection, communication, and power supply
between computers and electronic devices.
 It has become widely popular due to its compatibility with
many platforms and operating systems.
 low cost of implementation, and its ease of use.
 Most computers that are built today come with several USB
ports, and USB is the interface of choice for most home and
office peripherals.

17.  USB cable is a cable that is used to connect a device to a
computer or laptop.
 The USB cable is used to transfer data, such as pictures,
documents, video, etc.
 So the USB which is included in camcorder is to be used as
the bridge of the computer and the camcorder.

18. Advantages :
1. Portable/convenient
2. A large amount of information can be stored
3. Resistant to scratches
4. Fits almost all devices that have a USB port
5. High speed
Disadvantages
1. Small size and can be easily lost
2. How long they last depends on how many writes and erases
are done on it
3.Can be damaged.

19.  A power cable is an assembly of one or
more electrical conductors, usually held together with an
overall sheath.
 The assembly is used for transmission of electrical power.
 Cables consist of three major components: conductors, insulation,
protective jacket. The makeup of individual cables varies
according to application.

20. 1.)BUILDINGAPPLICATIONS:
Museums , Public outdoor lighting , Cinemas and
theatres , Airports , Underground , Hospitals ,
Commercial centres
Road and rail tunnels, ,Telecommunication
2.) INDUSTRIALAPPLICATIONS:
Metallurgical, iron and steel industry , Heat treatment of
materials , Nuclear power stations , Ships