Transgenic crops
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Transgenic crops are plants that have had their DNA modified through genetic engineering techniques to introduce new traits not found in nature. Genes are artificially inserted through laboratory processes like transferring a gene into the nucleus of a plant cell. This produces a genetically modified organism (GMO). Transgenic crops offer advantages like herbicide and insect resistance, improved nutrition, and higher yields, but also pose disadvantages such as potential allergic reactions, increased soil toxins, and risks to human health, farmers, trade, and the environment if pests develop resistance over time.
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Genetic engineering and development of transgenic plants
Genetic engineering can be used to develop transgenic plants with desirable traits. The process involves introducing foreign genes into plant cells, which are then regenerated into whole plants. Genes from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been introduced to many crops like cotton, corn and potatoes to make them resistant to pests. Other genes introduced include protease inhibitors and alpha amylase inhibitors. While transgenic plants can increase yields and reduce pesticide use, some risks include increased allergenicity and the development of resistance in pest populations.
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and its contents include How does this differ from Mendel and his peas?
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- Examples of agricultural transgenics currently on the market include herbicide resistant and insect resistant crops.
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2. Studies have found that Bt toxins from crops can survive digestion and negatively impact gut cells in mice. Bt toxins have also been shown to strongly stimulate the immune system.
3. Further testing is recommended to demonstrate the safety of Cry1A proteins and ensure genetically engineered crops do not pose risks to human health before they are commercialized.
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This document summarizes terminator gene technology, which genetically modifies plants to produce sterile seeds. It was developed by the seed industry to prevent seed saving. There are two types: varietal GURT (V-GURT) renders all subsequent seeds sterile, while trait GURT (T-GURT) switches traits on/off using chemical treatments. While it provides benefits to industry, it is controversial due to concerns over loss of biodiversity and impact on small farmers who rely on seed saving. Most countries have imposed a moratorium on field testing and commercialization of terminator seeds.
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The document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and genetically engineered organisms (GEOs). It explains that GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using recombinant DNA technology, which combines DNA from different sources into a new set of genes. This modified DNA is then transferred to an organism. The document outlines some potential advantages of GMOs, such as preventing disease and reducing CO2 levels, but also notes disadvantages like unknown environmental impacts and moral issues regarding manipulating nature.
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GMO's are living organisms that have been genetically modified through the insertion of foreign genes. This presentation discusses the production of GMO's through genetic engineering techniques, as well as the controversies, advantages, and disadvantages associated with them. Some key advantages discussed are increased crop yields and reduced need for pesticides through the insertion of genes like Bt. However, critics argue that GMO's are unnatural and could pose risks to human and environmental health if genes are transferred across taxonomic boundaries. Potential disadvantages explored are impacts on antibiotic resistance and allergic reactions in humans.
Con to gmo
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are created using recombinant DNA technology to alter an organism's genes. While proponents argue GMOs can increase crop yields and resistance to pests, there are also many potential risks and uncertainties. These include unintended harm to other organisms from toxic genes, the development of undesirable traits in GMOs, reduced biodiversity as only a single type of plant is grown, and gene contamination of other species. The long-term and indirect effects of GMOs on ecosystems, soil microbes, and human and animal health are difficult to predict due to the unpredictability of where genes insert into genomes and whether they spread from GMOs. The precautionary principle argues that given these uncertainties, commercialization of
Con to gmo
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are created using recombinant DNA technology to alter an organism's genes. While proponents argue GMOs can increase crop yields and resistance, there are also many risks and uncertainties. Gene transfer techniques are unpredictable, resulting in unintended effects on the recipient organism's metabolism, physiology, and the environment. Once released, there is no recalling GMOs or predicting how they will interact with ecosystems. Due to these uncertainties and the possibility of long-term harms, a precautionary approach is prudent when developing and releasing GMOs.
Con to gmo
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering. While GMOs aim to improve traits like pest resistance, there are many potential risks and uncertainties. Gene transfer techniques are unpredictable and may lead to unintended effects on an organism's metabolism, physiology, or the environment. Once released, GMOs could transfer genes to wild species and their effects on ecosystems are difficult to predict. Given these uncertainties, a precautionary approach is prudent until long-term safety can be established.
Resistance ppt
This document discusses genetic engineering for resistance to biotic stress. It defines biotic stress as stress caused by other living organisms that can damage crops. Various techniques for genetically engineering plants for resistance are described, including using genes from Bacillus thuringiensis to make plants resistant to certain insects. Case studies on developing resistance to the European corn borer in Bt corn and developing glyphosate resistance in crops through different strategies are summarized. The development of transgenic crops with traits like insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, and virus resistance are also briefly outlined.
Transgenic plant
This seminar discusses transgenic plants. Transgenic plants are genetically modified to contain genes artificially inserted through engineering. This allows traits like pest resistance, increased yield, and growth in stressful conditions. The seminar outlines methods for creating transgenic plants, including using bacteria to insert DNA. Examples given are plants resistant to viruses, insects, and herbicides. Both advantages, like improved food supply, and disadvantages, like possible human health effects, are discussed. The seminar concludes that transgenic plants offer a way to produce medicines and vaccines for developing nations.
Ubaid afzal (31)
Transgenic plants are plants that have been genetically engineered using recombinant DNA techniques to create plants with new characteristics. The process involves artificially inserting a gene or genes known as transgenes to provide advantages like improved yield, quality, pest resistance, and tolerance to stresses. Common methods are used to insert genes from bacteria like Agrobacterium and Bacillus thuringiensis to impart herbicide and insect resistance. This allows for benefits like longer shelf life, higher production, and protection from viruses and pests.
Characteristics Improvement in Plant Breeding
Dev Hingra discusses techniques for improving plant characteristics in breeding programs. Genetic variation is created through crosses between plants and new varieties are selected and tested. Classical breeding techniques include self-pollination and cross-pollination to produce new varieties. Modern techniques use molecular biology and genetic modification to insert desirable traits. Genetic modification can produce desired traits faster than classical breeding. Future plant breeding will integrate both classical and new techniques like molecular markers to improve efficiency and effectiveness in crop improvement.
transgenicplants-ppt-170509172214.pdf
This document provides an overview of transgenic plants. It defines key terms like transgene and transgenesis. It then discusses the history of transgenic plant development from the first transgenic tobacco plant in 1982 to modern genetically engineered crops. The document outlines various methods for transferring genes into plants, including Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. It also discusses the development and applications of transgenic plants, such as those with increased nutritional quality, herbicide or insect resistance, or ability to produce industrial or pharmaceutical compounds. Common marker genes are also summarized. Overall, the document gives a broad introduction to the topic of transgenic plant development.
Transgenic plants ppt
Basic information about Transgenic plants, their need , process of making transgenics and use of transgenics
4. Applications of Biotechnology in Agriculture-II.pptx
Transgenic plants are plants whose genome has been altered by adding one or more transgenes. The first transgenic plant was produced in 1982 by adding an antibiotic resistance gene to tobacco. Since then, transgenic crops with traits like herbicide resistance, insect resistance, drought tolerance, nutrient enhancement, and pharmaceutical production have been developed using gene transfer methods like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic plants offer benefits like increased yield, stress resistance, and low-cost pharmaceuticals, but also raise biosafety concerns that must be addressed.
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Transgenic crops
- 2. What are the transgenic crops? And their advantages and disadvantages.
- 3. What are the transgenic crops? Transgenic crops are the ones, whose DNA is modified using genetic engineering techniques. The aim is to introduce a new trait to the crop which does not occur naturally in the species. A transgenic crops contains a gene or genes that have been artificially inserted.
- 4. Development of transgenic crops Genetically engineered plants are generated in a laboratory by altering the genetic-make-up, usually by adding one or more genes of a plant’s genome. The nucleus of the plant- cell is the target for the new transgenic DNA.
- 5. How Do We Produce GM CROPS? The transfer gene into a crop plant to generate a GMO, (a transgenic plant) generally required a two-step process: (a) Successful delivery of the gene into a plant cell called transformation. (b) The regeneration of transgenic plant primarily in tissue culture from the transformed cells. The transferred gene termed a transgene, is usually engineered to control when and in what tissue it is expressed so that the maximum benefit can be realized. Gene delivery into plant cell is generally achieved in one of two ways. (1) Either direct transfer of naked DNA (2) Indirectly using a bacterial vehicle, the natural genetic engineer.
- 6. Types CISGENIC/INTRAGENIC – A GENE IS MOVED WITHIN THE SAME SPECIES OR A CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES. TRANSGENIC - A GENE IS MOVED FROM ONE NON-CLOSELY RELATED SPECIES TO ANOTHER
- 7. Table 1: Released and Registered Varieties in Pakistan
- 8. Advantages of transgenic plants GM Technology has been used to produce a variety of crop plants. As the global population continues to expand, food remains resource. Herbicide resistant plants Herbicide tolerance - crop can withstand herbicide applications.
- 9. Insect resistant plants Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium that is pathogenic for a number of insect pests. Its lethal effect is mediated by a protein toxin it produces. Through recombinant DNA methods, the toxin gene can be introduced directly into the genome of the plant, where it is expressed and provides protection against insect pests of the plant. Insect tolerance - plant produces toxin to kill pest.
- 10. Nutritional benefits Improved nutrition- plant produces a substance of nutritive value or is changed to not produce an antinutrient. High quality of yields One of the biggest advantages of transgenic plants is that they produce higher quality yields.
- 11. Disease resistant- crop is resistant to certain disease Stress Tolerance- crop is tolerant of stres, low nutrient level or excess nutrients. Increased storage- crop can be stored longer to avoid spoilage losses. Medicinal uses- crop that produce medicines or vaccines. Industrial uses- crop to make efficient industries.
- 12. Disadvantages of Transgenic Crop The main disadvantages of Transgenic plants are included allergic reactions. Increase in toxin levels in the soil and potential for increased weediness. The transgenic crops endanger not only farmers but also the trade, and the environment as well. It is biologically altered. Hence, biotech foods may pose a human health risk. The excessive production of genetically modified foods will be rendered ineffective over time because the pests that these toxins used to deter might eventually develop resistance towards them.