Transcription is the process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA. It involves RNA polymerase enzyme using one DNA strand as a template to produce a complementary RNA molecule. The primary transcript undergoes processing to produce active RNA. In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in three stages - initiation when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region, elongation of RNA synthesis, and termination when signals stop further RNA production.
The flow of information in the cell starts at DNA, which replicates to form more DNA. Information is then ‘transcribed” into RNA, and then it is “translated” into protein.
Information does not flow in the other direction.
A few exceptions to the Central Dogma exist
some RNA viruses, called “retroviruses”.
The flow of information in the cell starts at DNA, which replicates to form more DNA. Information is then ‘transcribed” into RNA, and then it is “translated” into protein.
Information does not flow in the other direction.
A few exceptions to the Central Dogma exist
some RNA viruses, called “retroviruses”.
1.Definition
2.Transcription is selective
3.Transcription in Prokaryotes
•Initiation
•Elongation
•RNA polymerase vs DNA polymerase
•Termination
4.Transcription in Eukaryotes
•Initiation
•Elongation
•Termination
•Post transcriptional modifications
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription with their clinical applicationsrohini sane
A comprehensive presentation on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA transcription with their clinical applications for Medical, dental, Pharma & Biotechnology students to facilitate self- study.
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes.
description of mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with clear explanation and clear pictures and also mentiong of different promotors and enhancers and silencers
Transcription and the various stages of transcriptionMohit Adhikary
Transcription and its stages, the enzymes involved, the steps of transcription, the regulators of transcription, post translation modifications, formation of the types of RNA, applied concept
This presentation explains DNA transcription and RNA Processing.
It gives details about prokaryotic DNA transcription and eukaryotic DNA transcription. it also explains post-transcriptional modification both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
1.Definition
2.Transcription is selective
3.Transcription in Prokaryotes
•Initiation
•Elongation
•RNA polymerase vs DNA polymerase
•Termination
4.Transcription in Eukaryotes
•Initiation
•Elongation
•Termination
•Post transcriptional modifications
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription with their clinical applicationsrohini sane
A comprehensive presentation on Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic DNA transcription with their clinical applications for Medical, dental, Pharma & Biotechnology students to facilitate self- study.
Translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes.
description of mechanism of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with clear explanation and clear pictures and also mentiong of different promotors and enhancers and silencers
Transcription and the various stages of transcriptionMohit Adhikary
Transcription and its stages, the enzymes involved, the steps of transcription, the regulators of transcription, post translation modifications, formation of the types of RNA, applied concept
This presentation explains DNA transcription and RNA Processing.
It gives details about prokaryotic DNA transcription and eukaryotic DNA transcription. it also explains post-transcriptional modification both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes are organisms that consist of a single prokaryotic cell. Eukaryotic cells are found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists. They range from 10–100 μm in diameter, and their DNA is contained within a membrane-bound nucleus.Prokaryotes do not have membrane-enclosed nuclei. Therefore, the processes of transcription, translation, and mRNA degradation can all occur simultaneously.
it is an informative presentation about how the information stored in DNA is transferred to RNA. it is regarding how the process of gene expression starts incase of prokaryotes
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
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Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
1. TRANSCRIPTION
• It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence
to make an RNA molecule.
•Thus, genetic information stored in DNA is
expressed through RNA by RNA polymerase
enzyme or DNA dependent RNA Polymerase.
•One of the two strands of DNA acts as
template (non-coding or antisense strand)
and produces working copies of RNA
molecules.
2. TRANSCRIPTION CONTD..
•The product formed in transcription is referred
to as primary transcript which are mainly
inactive so they undergo post transcriptional
modifications (like splicing, terminal additions,
base modifications etc.) to produce active RNA
molecules.
TRANSCRIPTION IN PROKARYOTES:
• It involves three different stages :
Initiation, Elongation, Termination
3. 1. Initiation: The RNA Polymerase enzyme binds to the specific
site of DNA Known as ‘promoter region’. The Sigma factor of
RNA Polymerase recognizes the two base sequence on the
coding DNA strand.
• Pribnow box (TATA box) : Consists of 6 nucleotide bases
(TATAAT), located on the left side about 10 bases away
(upstream) from the starting point of transcription.
• The ‘-35’ sequence : This is the second recognition site . It
contains base sequence TTGACA, (located about 35 bass
away from the left side from the site of transcription start.
4. 2. ELONGATION:
•RNA is synthesized from 5’ end to 3’ end
antiparallel to DNA template.
•RNA polymerase utilizes ribonucleotide
triphosphates ( ATP, GTP, CTP and UTP) for the
formation of RNA.
•The sequence of bases in mRNA is
complementary to DNA except that RNA contains
U in place of T in DNA.
5. 3. TERMINATION
The process of termination stops by termination signals.
They are:
1. Rho (ρ) dependent termination : It binds to growing RNA or
weakly to DNA and terminates transcription.
2. Rho (ρ) independent termination : formation of hairpins of
newly synthesized RNA takes place.
