The document describes a proposed system to manage traffic near U-turns to prevent accidents. The system uses sensors placed on both sides of the road near U-turns to detect vehicles turning. When a vehicle is detected turning, a signal is sent to controllers to display red lights on the opposing side to slow or stop traffic. Once the turning is complete, the signal resets to green. Lasers and buzzers are used to detect and notify authorities of any traffic violations. The proposed system is low-cost and easy to implement in real-time using an Arduino board and various sensors. It provides a simple way to avoid collisions at turns and control traffic flow.

1. TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
NEAR U-TURNS TO AVOID
ACCIDENTS
Under the Guidance of By:
Mrs. MERLYN MELITA MATHIAS POOJA K 4AL15CS065
Assistant Professor MUKESH H M 4AL15CS060
RAKESH H M 4AL15CS076
RAHUL NAYAK 4AL15CS073

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Objective
 Existing system
 Problem statement
 Proposed system
 Hardware and Software Requirements
 Methodology
 Test cases
 Result
 Conclusion and Future Enhancement
 References
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3. Introduction
 The consequences of an accident caused by U-turns are often fatal.
 It does not allow time for the faster moving vehicle to change course
and avoid an accident.
 The U-turn requires a street wide enough. The U-turn is especially
risky because the driver needs to cross lanes of traffic to complete
the manoeuvre.
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4. Objectives
 The idea is to manage traffic near U-turns so that accidents can be
prevented.
 By receiving signals from sensors we can predict vehicle
movement.
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5. Existing system
 The present system make use of processing board to process the data
and a camera module to provide the live video as input.
 The background subtraction using the Gaussian mixture model and
edge detection.
 They use complicated algorithms so data processing of the systems
will be very slow and these systems are not cost effective.
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6. Problem statement
 Road Traffic is one of the most vital problems in our hastily
developing world. Suppose two vehicles are coming towards the U-
turn, both may crash if they are not aware of each other.
 So we can use sensor on each side of road near U-turn to detect the
turning of vehicle. When a vehicle from one side wants to turn to
other side it detects and signal to slow down or to stop. Similarly the
other side.
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7. Proposed system
 The proposed system makes use of an Arduino board which
acquires data from multiple sensors and processes it in real time
environment.
 The proposed method is simple, easy to implement as well as cost-
effective.
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8. Hardware and Software Requirements
Hardware Requirements:
 Arduino
 GSM
 12V Green and Red Lights
 Infrared Sensor
 Laser
 LDR
 Buzzer
 Jumper wires
Software Requirements:
 Arduino application tool
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9. Methodology
 A pair of sensors is used to detect the vehicle taking u-turn. Then it sends
the information to the controller to display the signal.
 To avoid the traffic violation laser and buzzers are used. This sends the
message to the concerned department with the help of GSM.
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10. Figure 1. Block diagram of the system
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11.  One sensor is placed near the u-turn which first detects the vehicle and the
signal to controller to display red light.
 Once the traffic signal turns red, laser will be activated if any vehicle tries
to violate the rules a message is sent to police and a buzzer will be on.
 Other sensor is placed on the other side of turn. After taking u-turn this
sensor detects the vehicle and again send signal to the controller to reset
the signal to green light.
 Once green light is displayed, laser will be turned off.
 Similarly on the other side.
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12. Figure 2. System design
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13. Figure 3. Dataflow diagram
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14. Test cases
 If one sensor detect the vehicle and send the signal other sensor has
to wait to send the signal.
 If both the sensors detect the vehicle at almost same time, then the
senor which detects first can send the signal and other has to wait.
 If a sensor A detects the vehicle but it does not take turn, i.e if sensor
B does not detect vehicle within the time limit then automatically
red light is turned back to green.
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15. Results
 As expected our system is easy to implement and less cost.
 This system can easily implemented in real-time environment.
 It can avoid the collision of vehicles near turns and control traffic.
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16. Figure 4. System Implementation
Figure 5. Laser detection
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Figure 6. System working

17. Conclusion
 There are various methods to avoid accidents and make use of
different sensors.
 This system doesn’t make use of any complicated algorithms hence
it will take less processing time than the existing system and
implementation is very easy as well as cost-effective.
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18. Future Enhancement
 This project can be extended by placing RFID tag on all vehicles
and can place RFID reader near the turns.
 So that tracking of an individual vehicle can be made easier. With
the help of GPS and GSM module, the navigation facility, as well as
traffic information for the driver, can be provided effectively
through the voice recognition.
 In order to increase the accuracy instead of Ultrasonic sensor, Radar
sensor can be used and to increase the processing speed ARM
processor replacing Arduino microcontroller.
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19. References
 G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, “On certain integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type
involving products of Bessel functions,” Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp.
529–551, April 1955.
 K. Grauman, M. Betke, J. Gips, and G. Bradski. Eye blinks - detection and duration
analysis in real time. Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Conference (CVPR 2001), Vol. 2, pages 1010–1017, Kauai, Hawaii, December 2001.
 S.P. Bhumkar, V.V. Deotare and R.V. Babar, “Accident Avoidance and Detection on
Highways,” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, vol. 3, Issue 2,
2012.
 K.P. Sreevishakh, Prof.S.P. Dhanure, “Automotive Crash Insight using AMR Sensor
System,” International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication
Engineering, vol. 4, Issue 5, May 2015.
 M. Young, The Technical Writer's Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1989.
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20. Thank you
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