This paper consists of basic understanding of JIT and TQM philosophies, the inter-linkages between these and challenges associated in their implementation. Paper also discusses how JIT can feeds to the accomplishment of TQM. JIT and TQM are perfectly complimentary to each other. The objective of both is to expose and correct problems at source, so as to avoid wasting resources on production of defective products. Paper illustrates how TQM and JIT can enhance value for customers and at the same time can ensure higher profits for firm.
Feigenbaum's Philosophy on Total Quality ManagementPiyush Tripathi
Armand Vallin Feigenbaum (April 6, 1922 – November 13, 2014) was an American quality control expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality Control which inspired Total Quality Management (TQM).
Operations Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides allows the organization to measure the performance of its operations. Requirement engineering PowerPoint complete deck describe in detail about operation management process, operational goals, process timeline, competitive analysis value map, strategies for forward and backward integration, operation strategy, productivity table, forecasting table, system and design, product and service design, capacity planning for product, facility layout, location planning and analysis, quality management system, quality control timeline, supply chain management, inventory management and scheduling, inventory turnover KPIs, lean manufacturing to name a few. Explain goals of competitive criteria goals like cost, quality, speed, flexibility, reliability, etc with this visually stunning project production management PPT slides. Showcase the steps of capacity strategy planning. Design of work system, process, technology, people and infrastructure management can be well explained with this business process mapping PowerPoint templates. Furthermore, using this business operation presentation design, you can brief your audience about aggregate production planning, effective lean techniques, inventory scheduling, project management, roles and responsibilities matrix, work breakdown structure, etc.
Feigenbaum's Philosophy on Total Quality ManagementPiyush Tripathi
Armand Vallin Feigenbaum (April 6, 1922 – November 13, 2014) was an American quality control expert and businessman. He devised the concept of Total Quality Control which inspired Total Quality Management (TQM).
Operations Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides allows the organization to measure the performance of its operations. Requirement engineering PowerPoint complete deck describe in detail about operation management process, operational goals, process timeline, competitive analysis value map, strategies for forward and backward integration, operation strategy, productivity table, forecasting table, system and design, product and service design, capacity planning for product, facility layout, location planning and analysis, quality management system, quality control timeline, supply chain management, inventory management and scheduling, inventory turnover KPIs, lean manufacturing to name a few. Explain goals of competitive criteria goals like cost, quality, speed, flexibility, reliability, etc with this visually stunning project production management PPT slides. Showcase the steps of capacity strategy planning. Design of work system, process, technology, people and infrastructure management can be well explained with this business process mapping PowerPoint templates. Furthermore, using this business operation presentation design, you can brief your audience about aggregate production planning, effective lean techniques, inventory scheduling, project management, roles and responsibilities matrix, work breakdown structure, etc.
Quality in Manufacturing for Production & ManufacturingTimothy Wooi
This 1 day training program on the “Soft” TQM Concepts focus on Manufacturing Staff and Operators to equip Participants with a better understanding TQM and its practices and to understand why being responsible for Quality is so important as a mechanism to safe guard to Customer for receiving a Defect as well as to comply to Quality procedures..
Productivity & Total Quality ManagementVaibhav Bhatt
Productivity and Total Quality Management Importance For An Organisation And How Can They Develop And Overall Efficiency Through Proper Quality Management Techniques
Taguchi loss function is a modern tool used to determine all the prices associated with manufacturing a product so the loss function along with its types and their basic details are explained in this presentation along with the Signal-Noise Functions in a basic manner
Cellular layout helps us in increasing the productivity with minimizing the cost.
It is the latest technique to minimize the cost and increase the profits without affecting the organization. The concept of LEAN management.
This slideshow is about the historical evolution of Operations Management. It is not an individual work of mine. This is a co-work of myself & Sandun Ulpathakumburu, who is a colleague of mine.
Project Report
On
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT THROUGH TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements
For the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
By
ABHINANDAN KUMAR
Under the guidance of
Prof. KAPIL DEV PRASAD
Department of Production Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MESRA, RACHI
2014
In this presentation, we will discuss production planning system, factors determining production control procedure, role of production planning and control in operations management, scope of production planning and control, its phases and principles. We will also talk about framework for strategy formulations and task control, PPC limitations, effectiveness, PPC in different systems, requirement of an effective PPC in a system and make or buy analysis.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Quality in Manufacturing for Production & ManufacturingTimothy Wooi
This 1 day training program on the “Soft” TQM Concepts focus on Manufacturing Staff and Operators to equip Participants with a better understanding TQM and its practices and to understand why being responsible for Quality is so important as a mechanism to safe guard to Customer for receiving a Defect as well as to comply to Quality procedures..
Productivity & Total Quality ManagementVaibhav Bhatt
Productivity and Total Quality Management Importance For An Organisation And How Can They Develop And Overall Efficiency Through Proper Quality Management Techniques
Taguchi loss function is a modern tool used to determine all the prices associated with manufacturing a product so the loss function along with its types and their basic details are explained in this presentation along with the Signal-Noise Functions in a basic manner
Cellular layout helps us in increasing the productivity with minimizing the cost.
It is the latest technique to minimize the cost and increase the profits without affecting the organization. The concept of LEAN management.
This slideshow is about the historical evolution of Operations Management. It is not an individual work of mine. This is a co-work of myself & Sandun Ulpathakumburu, who is a colleague of mine.
Project Report
On
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT THROUGH TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements
For the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
By
ABHINANDAN KUMAR
Under the guidance of
Prof. KAPIL DEV PRASAD
Department of Production Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MESRA, RACHI
2014
In this presentation, we will discuss production planning system, factors determining production control procedure, role of production planning and control in operations management, scope of production planning and control, its phases and principles. We will also talk about framework for strategy formulations and task control, PPC limitations, effectiveness, PPC in different systems, requirement of an effective PPC in a system and make or buy analysis.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
Organization mission statement and visionSuleyman Ally
The meaning of vision and mission
characteristics of mission and vision
importance of mission and vision
role of mission and vision statement in strategy formulation
Shortcomings in vision statement
Factors affecting objective settings
Difference between vision and mission statement
This revision presentation provides an overview of the core strategic topic of business mission, aims and objectives. The main focus of the presentation is to outline the theory of the use of mission, aims and objectives rather than provide examples of these in context.
In this presentation we will discuss about the concept of just in time (JIT) production philosophy, types and concepts of JIT, objectives of JIT manufacturing, comparison between ideal production system and JIT production, characteristics of JIT system, JIT manufacturing vs. JIT purchasing. We will also discuss about major tools and techniques of JIT manufacturing, JIT implementation approach, problems regarding implementation of JIT, planning of a successful JIT system, obstacles faced for JIT conversion, operational benefits of JIT systems.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit: http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
TQM, Total Quality Management Implementation Training Conducted by Industry Experts, customized for you & connect with relevance to your Industry & Processes
TQM, Total Quality Management Implementation Training Conducted by Industry Experts, customized for you & connect with relevance to your Industry & Processes.
Total Quality Management (pharmaceutical analysis)Kevin John
I have explained clearly and precisely about total quality management in Pharmaceutical Analysis- Its terms, definition, types and various procedures. Medicine and pharmaceutical analysis notes.
This paper discusses IKEA’s corporate and business level strategy and how these strategies are best supported by operations strategies of IKEA. It also discusses how IKEA differentiated itself from its competitors. Paper highlights various operational trade-offs done by company. Paper, on later stage focuses on how supply network contributed to achieving company’s objectives and strategies.
The paper illustrates the role of Supply Chain Management in a Hotel’s Performance. It describes how supply chain management (SCM) system can help hotels to attain a sustainable competitive advantage by improving product quality and service while reducing cost at same time. As integrity of Supply chain is essential so to get benefited by its advantages, on this account, factors affecting the integration of supply chain management are explained. In conclusion Supply Chain Management has strong effects on overall hotel performance.
RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
Putting the SPARK into Virtual Training.pptxCynthia Clay
This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
RMD24 | Retail media: hoe zet je dit in als je geen AH of Unilever bent? Heid...BBPMedia1
Grote partijen zijn al een tijdje onderweg met retail media. Ondertussen worden in dit domein ook de kansen zichtbaar voor andere spelers in de markt. Maar met die kansen ontstaan ook vragen: Zelf retail media worden of erop adverteren? In welke fase van de funnel past het en hoe integreer je het in een mediaplan? Wat is nu precies het verschil met marketplaces en Programmatic ads? In dit half uur beslechten we de dilemma's en krijg je antwoorden op wanneer het voor jou tijd is om de volgende stap te zetten.
Buy Verified PayPal Account | Buy Google 5 Star Reviewsusawebmarket
Buy Verified PayPal Account
Looking to buy verified PayPal accounts? Discover 7 expert tips for safely purchasing a verified PayPal account in 2024. Ensure security and reliability for your transactions.
PayPal Services Features-
🟢 Email Access
🟢 Bank Added
🟢 Card Verified
🟢 Full SSN Provided
🟢 Phone Number Access
🟢 Driving License Copy
🟢 Fasted Delivery
Client Satisfaction is Our First priority. Our services is very appropriate to buy. We assume that the first-rate way to purchase our offerings is to order on the website. If you have any worry in our cooperation usually You can order us on Skype or Telegram.
24/7 Hours Reply/Please Contact
usawebmarketEmail: support@usawebmarket.com
Skype: usawebmarket
Telegram: @usawebmarket
WhatsApp: +1(218) 203-5951
USA WEB MARKET is the Best Verified PayPal, Payoneer, Cash App, Skrill, Neteller, Stripe Account and SEO, SMM Service provider.100%Satisfection granted.100% replacement Granted.
Skye Residences | Extended Stay Residences Near Toronto Airportmarketingjdass
Experience unparalleled EXTENDED STAY and comfort at Skye Residences located just minutes from Toronto Airport. Discover sophisticated accommodations tailored for discerning travelers.
Website Link :
https://skyeresidences.com/
https://skyeresidences.com/about-us/
https://skyeresidences.com/gallery/
https://skyeresidences.com/rooms/
https://skyeresidences.com/near-by-attractions/
https://skyeresidences.com/commute/
https://skyeresidences.com/contact/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-and-balcony/
https://skyeresidences.com/queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-king-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed/
https://skyeresidences.com/2-bedroom-deluxe-queen-suite-with-sofa-bed-accessible/
#Skye Residences Etobicoke, #Skye Residences Near Toronto Airport, #Skye Residences Toronto, #Skye Hotel Toronto, #Skye Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Airport, #Near Toronto Airport Accommodation, #Suites Near Toronto Airport, #Etobicoke Suites Near Airport, #Hotel Near Toronto Pearson International Airport, #Toronto Airport Suite Rentals, #Pearson Airport Hotel Suites
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
What are the main advantages of using HR recruiter services.pdfHumanResourceDimensi1
HR recruiter services offer top talents to companies according to their specific needs. They handle all recruitment tasks from job posting to onboarding and help companies concentrate on their business growth. With their expertise and years of experience, they streamline the hiring process and save time and resources for the company.
Taurus Zodiac Sign_ Personality Traits and Sign Dates.pptxmy Pandit
Explore the world of the Taurus zodiac sign. Learn about their stability, determination, and appreciation for beauty. Discover how Taureans' grounded nature and hardworking mindset define their unique personality.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Digital Transformation in PLM - WHAT and HOW - for distribution.pdf
TQM & JIT
1. Total Quality
Management
& Just In Time
In the Guidance of: Prof. S. Chakraborty
By: Gagan Pardeep
PG12 IWSB
Indus World School Of Business
15A KP-II
Gr. NOIDA
U.P.
Abstract
This paper consists of basic understanding of JIT and TQM philosophies, the inter-
linkages between these and challenges associated in their implementation.
Paper also discusses how JIT can feeds to the accomplishment of TQM. JIT and
TQM are perfectly complimentary to each other. The objective of both is to
expose and correct problems at source, so as to avoid wasting resources on
production of defective products. Paper illustrates how TQM and JIT can
enhance value for customers and at the same time can ensure higher profits for
firm.
2. Indus World School of Business
Introduction to TQM and JIT
Total Quality Management (TQM)
Total quality management (TQM) is not a mere technique; it is a broad management approach or
methodology and more than that a philosophy, dealing with processes and attitudes. TQM places
quality as the primary objective for the organization, as opposed to the traditional management
objective of maximizing production and subsequently controlling costs. Although, TQM was initially
developed for the manufacturing environment, it can be equally applicable to any environment, which
involves inputs and outputs, such as knowledge service industry like universities.
Principles of TQM
There is a goal of ‘Continuous Improvement’ against achieving some static level of quality. It is
about approaching excellence in an incremental way without increasing cost. It considers quality as a
continuous ongoing process. Quality is responsibility and mission of all. Hence all employees should
be continuously trained and motivate to consistently achieve better and better quality. Even
‘Commitment of Top Management’ should be visible and clear to all.
Instead of reactive and person dependent system, TQM is a ‘Proactive Systematic Approach’. This
means ‘prevention and immediate detection of errors and problems at root source’ is preferred over of
‘correction for problems after its occurrence’. Responsibility for quality takes place at the source.
This feature demands ‘Quality Design’ rather than inspection of quality after poor design.
The essence of TQM is the simple but extremely powerful belief that it is better and hence cheaper; to
do every process right at first time, rather than not to do it right and then corrects it afterwards. Doing
things right at first time requires no money. Doing things wrong is what only costs money, as
allowing defective products to get produced wastes time and resources. Thus, longer it takes to
identify problem, more will be the cost incurred to correct it. TQM is systematic way of guaranteeing
that all activities within an organization happen as planned. It is the management attitude that
concerns with preventing problems at source, rather than allowing problems to occur and then
correcting them afterwards.
New and old cultures Comparison:
Quality Element Traditional TQM
Definition Product Oriented Customer Oriented
Priorities Second to service and cost First among equals of service and
cost
Decisions Short term Long term
Emphasis Detection Prevention
Errors Operations System
Responsibility Quality control Everyone
Problem Solving Managers Teams
Procurement Price Life cycle costs, Partnership
Manager’s Role Plan, assign, control, Delegate, facilitate and mentor
coach, and enforce
Total Quality Management & Just In Time
3. Indus World School of Business
Building blocks of TQM: Purpose; Product; Process; Procedure; People (The 5Ps),
management systems and performance measurement
Everything we do is a Process which solves a purpose through a product (in fact all a customer need
is a service/benefit which he/she derive from that product). Every process transforms a set of inputs,
which can include action (performed by a set of people), methods and operations into the desired
outputs which satisfy the customers’ (internal or external) needs and expectations. In each area or
function within an organization there will be many processes taking place, and each can be analyzed
by an examination of the inputs and outputs to determine the action necessary to improve quality.
TQM is management and alignment of all the inputs depicted in diagram, in a direction that maximize
the value for customer.
The only point at which true responsibility for performance and quality can lie is with the People who
actually do the job or carry out the process, each of which has one or several suppliers and customers.
An efficient and effective way to tackle process or quality improvement is through teamwork.
However, people will not engage in improvement activities without commitment and recognition
from the organization’s leaders, a climate for improvement and a strategy that is implemented
thoughtfully and effectively.
Figure 1
TQM creates, encourages and nurtures simplicity, instead of bureaucratic approach of adding
controls. It attempts to identify and eliminate non-value-added activities thus naturally motivating
people to use quality procedures.
Total Quality Management & Just In Time
4. Indus World School of Business
TQM attempts to expose problems rather than hide or burry them. ‘Just in Time (JIT)’ helps us to
understand more on this. TQM identifies and addresses causes of problems, not effects.
Implementation of TQM
TQM starts with a vision in mind which requires commitment. The whole process is
displayed in following diagram.
Figure 2
It includes following steps -
Commitment Quality control
Vital for TQM Coordinates all corporate efforts to TQM
Should be visible and by example Members from each unit of the company
Should be transmitted to each employee Develops strategic plans
Ultimate goal: satisfy customers! Addresses key questions for
May need selling arguments implementation
Responsible of the TQM Mission
Statement
Total Quality Management & Just In Time
5. Indus World School of Business
Education Organization
On the business’ own interpretation and Using the company’s structure an Using the
implementation of TQM company’s structure an organization for quality
Will require continuity should be developed based on:
Needs to define who, what, how, how much, Objectives
and who is responsible Delegation
Re-education is necessary education is Accountability
necessary Achievement measurement
Efficient communication
Quality cost measurement Training
Methods to measure, document and analyze the cost What is the difference between Education
of quality are required and Training?
Thorough learning of tools and techniques
for quality improvement techniques
Quality improvement teams (QIT) Investigation and corrective actions
Functions: Characteristics To reach the targets, the QIT should set a system
Implement unit Intradepartmental of:
TQM Membership is open Procedures
Solve problems based on knowledge Forms
identified by goal of the operation Documentation
setting The leader should
Address local issues know the business
Membership is finite
Quality Audit Awareness
Feedback mechanism of TQM conducted by the Continuous communication about the
quality council or senior managers TQM status and advances
Goals: Employs communication tools
Verify reported quality improvements Compatible with the company’s culture
Verify the achievement of goals
Confirm that improvements match targets
Recognition
Achievements of individuals and groups should be made public
Financial rewards should be included
Here we can see it is a continuous process and one has to keep learning and making amendments
continuously.
Just-In-time
Just-In-time or JIT, is a management philosophy aimed at eliminating manufacturing wastes by
producing only the right amount and combination of parts at the right place at the right time. It is also
that ‘Just in Time (JIT)’ enforces ‘Continuous Improvement’ by continual reduction of non-value-
added inventory stocks to lower and then further lower levels. This is based on the fact that wastes
result from any activity that adds cost without adding value to the product, such as transferring of
inventories from one place to another or even the mere act of storing them.
The goal of JIT, therefore, is to minimize the presence of non-value-adding operations and non-
moving inventories in the production line. This will result in shorter throughput times, better on-time
Total Quality Management & Just In Time
6. Indus World School of Business
delivery performance, higher equipment utilization, lesser space requirement, lower costs, and greater
profits.
JIT was developed as a means of meeting customer demands with minimum delays. Thus, in the
olden days, JIT is used not to reduce manufacturing wastage, but primarily to produce goods so that
customer orders are met exactly when they need the products and in result create a pull of demand for
products rather than loading distribution channels with excess products. Another important aspect of
JIT is the use of a 'pull' system to move inventories through the production line. Under such a system,
the requirements of the next station are what modulate the production of a particular station. It is
therefore necessary under JIT to define a process by which the pulling of lots from one station to the
next is facilitated.
JIT is also known as lean production or stockless production, since the key behind a successful
implementation of JIT is the reduction of inventory levels at the various stations of the production
line to the absolute minimum. This necessitates good coordination between stations such that every
station produces only the exact volume that the next station needs (immediate customer of output).
On the other hand, a station pulls in only the exact volume that it needs from the preceding station.
The JIT system consists of defining the production flow and setting up the production floor such that
the flow of materials as they get manufactured through the line is smooth and unimpeded, thereby
reduce material waiting time. This requires that the capacities of the various workstations that the
materials pass through are evenly matched and balanced, such that bottlenecks in the production line
are eliminated. This set-up ensures that the materials will undergo manufacturing without queuing or
stoppage.
JIT is most applicable to operations or production flows that do not change, i.e., those that are simply
repeated over and over again. An example of this would be an automobile assembly line, wherein
every car undergoes the same production process as the one before it.
Some semiconductor companies have likewise practiced JIT successfully (e.g. Dell). Still, there are
some semiconductor companies that don’t practice JIT for the simple reason that their operations are
too complex for JIT application. On the other hand, that’s precisely the challenge of JIT – creation of
a production set-up that is simple enough to allow JIT.
With JIT, it is believed that the root causes of most problems are due to faulty production process
design. Hence, with JIT, nothing is taken for granted, everything is subject to analysis. Each activity
is identified as either ‘Value-Added’ or ‘Non-Value-Added’. The reduction of ‘Non-Value-Added’
activities is achieved mainly through increasing manufacturing flexibility and improved quality.
Inventory stocks allow production process to continue even when some problem occurs. In a way,
inventory stocks act like a buffers to hide any problem that may occur. But, with JIT, there are no
buffers to hide problems and thus, occurrence of problem can shut down the entire production
process. Thus, JIT philosophy helps organization to prominently expose problems and thus, bring a
clear focus on removal of it at source, by eliminating the cause, rather than effects, of problem.
JIT is an extremely powerful tool to identify where improvements should be made. It helps you to
identify cause (not the effect) of problem and its elimination. Failures and exceptions are treated as
opportunities to improve the system. In fact, JIT initiates failures due to problems to expose them. It
is a system of trouble-shooting, within a culture of constant analysis and improvement. It is clear, as
an attitude and approach, JIT and TQM are perfectly complimentary to each other, to expose and
correct problems at source, so as to avoid wasting resources on production of defective products.
Total Quality Management & Just In Time
7. Indus World School of Business
Evolution of JIT
JIT finds its origin in Japan, where it has been in practice since the early 1970’s. It was developed and
perfected by Taiichi Ohno of Toyota, who is now referred to as the father of JIT.
Before the introduction of JIT, there were a lot of manufacturing defects for the existing system at
that time. This included inventory problems, product defects, risen costs, and large lot production and
delivery delays. The inventory problems included the unused accumulated inventory that was not
only unproductive but also required a lot of efforts in storing and managing them. Other implied
problems were parts storage, equipment breakdowns and uneven production levels. For the product
defects, manufacturers knew that only one single product defect could destroy the producer’s
credibility. They must create a defect free process. Thus began the search for the system that could
bring about a turnaround.
Springing from Japan's post World War II goal of full employment through industrialization,
Japanese manufacturers imported technology to avoid heavy R & D expenditures and focused on
improving the production process. Their aim was to increase product quality and reliability. Taiichi
Ohio established Toyota as leaders in quality and delivery time through the implementation of JIT.
This position was gained due to a commitment to two philosophies- elimination of waste and
respect for people.
Japanese developed what we today understand as Just-in-time, through intensive government
supported work, and intended to improve their then inferior industries. Their programmers began by
learning existing techniques from experts such as Deming and Juran. The characteristic of Japan like
restrained spaces, no natural energy sources, no mineral wealth put it under pressure and appears to
have banished complacency.
The Goal of JIT
The prime goal of JIT is the achievement of zero inventories, minimal work in progress not just
within the confine of a single organization, but ultimately throughout the entire supply chain.
There are three main objectives.
Increasing the organization’s ability to complete with others and remain competitive over the
long run. The competitiveness of the firm is increased by the use of JIT manufacturing
process as they can develop a more optimal process for their firms.
Increasing efficiency within the production process. Efficiency is obtained through the
increase of productivity and decrease of cost.
Reducing wasted materials, time and effort. It can help to reduce the costs.
Other objectives of JIT:
Identify and response to consumers needs: Customer’s needs and wants seem to be the major focus
for business. This objective will help the firm on what is demanded from customers, and what is
required of production.
Optimal quality cost relationship: The organization should focus on zero defect production process.
Although it seems to be unrealistic, in the long run, it will eliminate a huge a huge amount of
resources and efforts in inspecting, reworking & the production of defected goods.
Develop a reliable relationship between the suppliers: A good and long long-term relationship
between organization and its suppliers helps to manage a more efficient process in inventory
Total Quality Management & Just In Time
8. Indus World School of Business
management, material management and delivery system. It will also assure that the supply is stable
and available when needed.
Plant design for maximizing efficiency: The design of plant is essential in terms of manufacturing
efficiency and utility of resources.
Adopt the work for continuous improvement: Commit a long- term continuous improvement
throughout the organization. It will help the organization to remain competitive in the long run.
Reduce unwanted wastes: Wastes that do not add value to the products itself should be eliminated.
JIT helps significantly in reducing wastes.
JIT also helps in eliminating.
Waste from overproduction
Waste of waiting time
Transportation waste
Inventory Waste
Waste of motion (energy)
Waste from defects
JIT can help an organization to remain competitive by offering consumers higher quality of products
than their competitors, which is very important in the survival of the market place.
Challenges
Though the objective of JIT is to reduce wastes at different levels of supply chain and to minimize the
blockage of working capital throughout the supply chain, unfortunately majority of the manufacturing
firms due to lack of integrity in whole supply chain exercise this concept to either to them only or to
their first supplier. Due to lack of integrity in the supply chain the whole philosophy of JIT (i.e. to
maximize customer’s value by reducing the redundant activities and redundant overheads) gets
defeated.
Manufacturers just pass the inventory overhead from their balance sheets to that of their suppliers (or
sub-supplier/tier-2 suppliers). Which is not the JIT philosophy; it is more about taking whole supply
chain as one system and making it efficient by reducing inventory blockages.
One of the goals of JIT is to increase efficiency of supply chain but one can argue that it might reduce
the efficiency of whole production system by increasing the risk of stock out of either inputs (raw
material etc.) or output (i.e. finished goods). In both case it will lead to customer dissatisfaction.
JIT may further multiply the bullwhip effect and can cause the distorted information flow through
supply chain and thus may end up with shock out.
Conclusion
Most of the discussions in prior studies have cantered on either JIT or TQM but an increasing
number of researchers have begun to explore the issues relating to a joint implementation of
JIT and TQM. Many previous studies have encountered difficulty in precisely listing the
practices comprising JIT and TQM because of the extensive overlap between these
approaches. The overlapping practices of JIT and TQM are more than coincidental and they
may be mutually supportive.
Manufacturing practices can be divided into three groups: unique JIT practices, unique TQM
practices, and common infrastructure practices and evaluated their impacts on cycle time and
quality (i.e. JIT and TQM performance measures, respectively). The use of TQM practices
improved JIT performance through process variance reduction and reduced rework time,
Total Quality Management & Just In Time