The document outlines various internet connectivity methods, including dial-up, ISDN, satellite, DSL, cable modem, Wi-Fi, WLAN, and WiMAX, each with their advantages and disadvantages. It emphasizes that while newer technologies like satellite and cable modem offer higher speeds, they can come with higher costs and varied requirements. The summary also notes the relevance of each connection type in different contexts, such as rural areas and cost considerations.

1. PRESENTED BY,
DEEPAK DEVRAJ
GEORGE M PAUL
SHAMEER PARAKKAL
STEPHIN DOMEY
SNEHA M LIBU
TITTU ANNA STEPHEN

2. INTRODUCTION
INTERNET CONNECTIVITY IS A NECESSITY
Typical issues that need to be clarified:
• Method
• Quantity
• Security measures

3. CONTENTS
• DIAL-UP CONNECTION
• ISDN
• SATELLITE CONNECTION
• DSL
• CABLE MODEM
• WI-FI
• WLAN
• WIMAX

4. DIAL – UP CONNECTION
• Dial-up access is really just like a phone connection
• Connection through modem and a public telephone network.
• It uses analog telephone lines
• Encoding & Decoding of analog signals is done by modem
• Using a dial-up line to transmit data is similar to using the
telephone to make a call
• Speed is only 56 kbps

5. PROCESS OF DIAL-UP
1. The client computer modem dials the preprogrammed
phone number
2. Verification of user’s account by ISP
3. Connection is established and data can be transmitted.
4. When either modem hangs up, the communication
ends.

6. ADVANTAGES
• Low cost
• Safety
• Availability
DISADVANTAGES
• Low Speed
• Requires phone line
• Route busy

8. ISDN
• Integrated Services Digital Network
• Standard for digital telecommunications that allows fast digital
dialup connections
• It put together speech and information on the same line
• An ISDN line can provide two data channels each operating at
64kbps
• ISDN service is available where the distance from the client to
the exchange is under 55 km

9. ADVANTAGES
• Multiple digital channels
• Speedy establishment of connection
• It can be used for other activities like
– videoconferencing
– remote network maintenance
DISADVANTAGE
• It is very costly than the other typical telephone system

10. SATELLITE CONNECTION

11. SATELLITE CONNECTION
• Internet access provided through satellites
• Data is being sent from the satellite to a user's equipment and then
translated and decoded.
• Delivered through satellite dish
• Equipment required-mini dish satellite receiver and satellite modem
• It is one of the high-speed option available today
• Upload speed-128 kbps
• Download speed-400 kbps
• Satellite internet providers has a FAP(Fair Access Policy)

12. ADVANTAGES
• High speed internet access
• Does not tie up with local phone service or
cable TV subscription
• Connection speed is not affected by phone or
cable wiring

13. DISADVANTAGES
• More expensive than DSL and cable
• Large setup fee. Expensive equipment upfront. Has to be set
up by trained technician.
• Short delay of signal transmission may affect real time
applications
• Fair access policy limits the ability to download large files in
reasonable amount of time
• Connection speed is slower than DSL and cable
• Weather problem. In severe snowstorms and heavy rain, users
may experience signal fade

14. DSL

15. DSL
• Digital Subscriber Line
• High-speed data service that works over POTS copper
telephone lines
• Uses a different part of the frequency spectrum than analog
voice signals
• DSL Internet speeds started out at 960 Kbps download & 120
Kbps upload.
• Price not much more than the price of dial up, but twice the
speed .

16. Two types of DSL
ADSL:-
• Type of DSL that provides different bandwidths in the
upstream and downstream directions
• It can support downstream bandwidths of up to 8
mbps and upstream bandwidths of 1.5 mbps
• Eg:- RADSL, VDSL.

17. SDSL:-
• Equal bandwidth for upstream and downstream
activities
• More popularly used in business
• It can offer 1.5 Mbps both for download and upload
• Egs:- HDSL and SHDSL

18. ADVANTAGES
• DSL simultaneously keeps your Internet
connection and phone lines open
• Downloads are faster than uploads
• DSL uses the existing wiring infrastructure of
your telephone lines
• DSL is secure
• It is always on

19. DISADVANTAGES
• DSL efficiency is related to distance
• Large amount of uploading is not possible
• DSL is limited to a certain perimeter
• No standardization
• Compared to dial up ,it is expensive

20. CABLE MODEM

21. CABLE MODEM
• Cable modems provide Internet access using the same cables
that transmit cable television
• Cable modems are primarily used to deliver broadband
internet access in the form of cable internet
• Cable modem connections are faster than dial-up and DSL
connections.
• Connection speed fluctuate depending on the number of
people using the service at the same time.

22. ADVANTAGES
• High connection speed
• Convenient
• Does not affect your phone line
• Connection speed is not affected by the distance from
ISP operation center
• Easy setup with self installation kit

23. DISADVANTAGES
• Higher price than dialup and DSL connection
• Higher security risk than dialup or DSL
• Not available to all cable TV networks
• Bandwidth is shared over the same cable line
• Connection speed is affected by the number of people
using the internet at the same time in your
neighborhood

25. WI-FI
• Wireless Fidelity
• Vic Hayes has been named as father of Wi-Fi
• Big internet buzz word & growing very rapidly
• Wi-Fi usually requires the ISP to invest quite a bit in
transceivers
• Practical range is about 90 meters (300 feet) from the
transceiver using normal powered transmitters
• At least 7 or more end users can be sharing the same master
transceiver & still each be able to get up to 1544 Kbps.

26. ADVANTAGES
• Flexible working
• Reduced set up cost
• Avoid deterioration with time
• Eliminate re-configuring computers
• Password and security
DISADVANTAGES
• Signal strength sensitivity
• Climatic conditions

27. WLAN
• Wireless Local Area Network
• Provide wireless network communication over short
distances
• Uses radio or infrared signals instead of traditional network
cabling
• Built by attaching a device called the access point
• IEEE 802.11 is the foremost standard for wireless LANs

28. WIMAX

29. WiMax
• Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access
• Broadband wireless access technique
• Offers fast broadband connections over long distance
• Range of up to 30 miles
• Improves non-line-of-sight performance
• Great advantage to rural communities where cable & DSL
wasn't available & to developing nations

30. ADVANTAGES
• Wimax coverage
• Wimax high speed
• Multi-functionality within Wimax Technology
DISADVANTAGES
• Lack of quality
• Wimax range
• Wimax bandwidth
• High cost