How do ISPs work?
At the top of the Internet access pyramid are Tier 1 Internet service providers. A Tier 1 Internet service provider is an ISP that has access to all the networks on the Internet using only network peering agreements they do not have to pay for. To help conceptualize what purpose Tier 1 ISPs serve, think of Tier 1 ISPs as the major highways of the Internet. These ISPs connect all corners of the World Wide Web. Some popular examples of Tier 1 ISPs include Vodacom, Bharti, Deutsche Telekom, British Telecommunications, and Verizon
Tier 1 Internet service providers sell access to their networks to Tier 2 ISPs. Tier 2 ISPs then sell Internet access to organizations and home users. However, sometimes Tier 1 ISPs may sell Internet access directly to organizations and individuals. Additionally, a second intermediary ISP, referred to as a Tier 3 ISP, may purchase network bandwidth from a Tier 2 ISP before selling that bandwidth to end users.
When traffic is routed from your home network to the Internet, it goes through a number of hops before reaching its destination. For example, traffic may travel from your modem, to your Tier 3 ISP’s network, to a Tier 2 ISP’s network, to a Tier 1 ISP’s network, then back down through a different set of ISPs before reaching the destination.
The underlying technology that ISPs use to establish connectivity can be based on analog telephone lines (dial-up), DSL, cable, satellite, Wi-Fi, fiber optics, or other connectivity mediums. The reason many cable and telephone providers are also ISPs is because their underlying infrastructure can accommodate Internet traffic
This presentation gives brief description of Wi-Fi Technolgy, standards, applications,topologies, how Wi-Fi network works, security,advantages and innovations.
Wireless communication , by Mulatu GebeyeawMulatu Gebeyaw
antennas, areas of research in mobile communication wireless, effects of mobility, frequency, gsm, mobile computing, modulation, transmission medium explain and categorize frequency, roaming, signal propagation, wireless applications, wireless communication principles, wireless limitations, wireless networking, wireless radio, warless devices, wlan media accessing technique accessing a shared medium
How do ISPs work?
At the top of the Internet access pyramid are Tier 1 Internet service providers. A Tier 1 Internet service provider is an ISP that has access to all the networks on the Internet using only network peering agreements they do not have to pay for. To help conceptualize what purpose Tier 1 ISPs serve, think of Tier 1 ISPs as the major highways of the Internet. These ISPs connect all corners of the World Wide Web. Some popular examples of Tier 1 ISPs include Vodacom, Bharti, Deutsche Telekom, British Telecommunications, and Verizon
Tier 1 Internet service providers sell access to their networks to Tier 2 ISPs. Tier 2 ISPs then sell Internet access to organizations and home users. However, sometimes Tier 1 ISPs may sell Internet access directly to organizations and individuals. Additionally, a second intermediary ISP, referred to as a Tier 3 ISP, may purchase network bandwidth from a Tier 2 ISP before selling that bandwidth to end users.
When traffic is routed from your home network to the Internet, it goes through a number of hops before reaching its destination. For example, traffic may travel from your modem, to your Tier 3 ISP’s network, to a Tier 2 ISP’s network, to a Tier 1 ISP’s network, then back down through a different set of ISPs before reaching the destination.
The underlying technology that ISPs use to establish connectivity can be based on analog telephone lines (dial-up), DSL, cable, satellite, Wi-Fi, fiber optics, or other connectivity mediums. The reason many cable and telephone providers are also ISPs is because their underlying infrastructure can accommodate Internet traffic
This presentation gives brief description of Wi-Fi Technolgy, standards, applications,topologies, how Wi-Fi network works, security,advantages and innovations.
Wireless communication , by Mulatu GebeyeawMulatu Gebeyaw
antennas, areas of research in mobile communication wireless, effects of mobility, frequency, gsm, mobile computing, modulation, transmission medium explain and categorize frequency, roaming, signal propagation, wireless applications, wireless communication principles, wireless limitations, wireless networking, wireless radio, warless devices, wlan media accessing technique accessing a shared medium
Information about the different types of broadband packages offered by different telecommunications companies and the prices they are offering the packages at.
Business broadband more details. (n.d.). Retrieved from smarttelecom.ie: http://www.smarttelecom.ie/business_broadband/more_details/Business_24Mb_for_%e2%82%ac24.aspx
business package. (n.d.). Retrieved November 3, 2011, from getbroadband.ie: http://www.getbroadband.ie/business_package_details.php?packageID=322&area=Firhouse&county=Dublin West
Current Trends in Networking (Assignment)Gochi Ugo
This paper is the answer to the assessment questions of the Current Trends In Networking module of BSc. Computing (Information Management) of Anglia Ruskin University
Government agencies and big companies uses internet in order to transmit important messages. The improvement in internet communication is brought by the discovery of fibre optic cables that can transmit data, voice and videos easier and faster than the old copper wires.
For more information on click here: http://www.zetta.net.au/services/internet/fibre-optic-internet/
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
1. Broadband “In a short space of time, high-speed internet (broadband) has become fundamental to modern economies. It has changed the way we access the internet and how we use it. It has made economic activity more efficient and has extended social interaction in previously unforeseeable ways”
2. What is Broadband? “Broadband is defined as a high bandwidth connection to the Internet. Broadband is easier and faster to use than the traditional telephone and modem as information can be sent and downloaded much quicker.”
3. Speed Broadband speed is measured in megabits per second (Mb or Mbps) File sizes are measured in megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB) There are 8 bits in a byte a download speed of 8 bits will shift 1MB per second
4. Ireland Ireland has a 21.4% broadband penetration rate, with 950, 082 subscribers
6. Introduction to Business & Requirements The following research is based on the needs of a small web development business in Greystones, Co. Wicklow. This business uses VOIP for telecommunications and has heavy up/download requirements. Therefore, continuous broadband access and fast download and upload speeds are a necessity.
18. Cable Broadband: How It Works Cable broadband allows the provision of broadband through the cables used to transfer images and sound to a TV set. This does not interfere with the television service.
22. Recommendation For the moment, the most effective option for this business is Eircom DSL as it is inexpensive and reliable. However, wireless provision is set to improve in the near future and, if this happens, the business should transfer to Irish Broadband which, despite a higher cost, would allow them far greater speeds.
23. International Comparison As with Greystones, Kerikeri in New Zealand is a small town in a rural area. In 2009 there were 980,649 subscribers which achieved a penetration rate of 22.8% which is slightly ahead of Ireland. Ultra-fast Broadband Investment Initiative: the government are seeking 75% coverage and will invest up to $300 million to improve rural broadband
24.
25. In comparison to Greystones services, the Broadband Pro Package that Vodafone offer for businesses in Kerkeri focuses on data download limits rather than speed. There is a 3GB cap on data transfer with an $0.50 charge for each additional MB
26.
27. KeriKeri Provider Comparison For a web-based company, Slingshot would be a far more suitable DSL provider as it supplies symmetrical speeds as well as a greater data limit. Either of the DSL companies would be preferable to Vodafone mobile broadband which has a far lower data allowance and more unreliable speeds. Slingshot also has added extras including free off-peak time between 2am-8am and is optimised for ADSL2+
28. Comparison: Greystones V KeriKeri Greystones has more choice: KeriKeri is mostly limited to DSL Slingshot DSL, the best option for KeriKeri has better speeds than Eircom and greater upload speeds than UPC (NTL). Slingshot is cheaper than both Irish Broadband and UPC (NTL)
Editor's Notes
Reference for quote: http://www.broadband-guide.org.uk/what-is-broadband.htmlBandwidth = this term relates to the rate of data transfer. The bandwidth determines the amount of data that can be transferred between two points in a certain amount of time.
NGB: Ireland is currently working towards Next Generation Broadband (NGB) to cater for a growing number of internet enabled devices, which will allow “Ireland to have a European class digital economy embracing aspects such as; infrastructure, consistent and national availability, e-state and e-citizens, high levels of sustainable competition all overarched by appropriate regulation”.Reference for quote: ComReg report: Next Generation Broadband in Ireland 2009ComReg’s definition of Next Generation Broadband is speeds exceeding 25Mb per second. Reference: ComReg report: Next Generation Broadband in Ireland 2009LLU = In Ireland, this refers to a legal obligation placed on Eircom to offer line share to other operators. It is believed that Local Loop Unbundling (LLU) will increase competition which will drive providers to supply greater speeds. On 26/1/10 ComReg directed Eircom to drop its wholesale line share for other providers which is seen as a positive step towards NGB. WiMax=Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. WiMax is also seen as having the potential to provide widespread wireless access in the near future. This will supply high, synchronous speeds which will be beneficial for web based businesses. Imagine has invested €100 million in a WiMax network and is currently rolling out its first phase which will cover 250,000 homes in the country. Reference for LLU information: http://www.siliconrepublic.com/news/article/15004/comms/llu-price-drop-lays-foundation-for-ngn-rolloutReference for WiMax information: http://www.siliconrepublic.com/news/article/14708/comms/wimax-and-lte-will-have-dual-role-on-road-to-100mbps-broadband/
Satellite broadband:A price quoted from Satellite Broadband Ireland included an initial set-up cost of €579 as well as a monthly cost of €109. Satellite broadband is often the only option available for businesses in rural areas, but the quality of broadband provided does not justify the expense for a business in an urban area of Wicklow, such as Greystones, where there are other more cost-effective options.Mobile broadband: Vodafone has the best coverage but according to Design Shop, a business in Newcastle Co. Wicklow, “upload speed is far from good”. This business uses this service purely because most of their work is off site. Also, Vodafone has warned that ongoing work to improve coverage will cause disruptions to the service over the coming months which would be damaging to a web based business.
Security: Cables and lines are not shared with other users. Reference: http://ezinearticles.com/?id=86982
Security: Cables and lines are not shared with other users. Reference: http://ezinearticles.com/?id=86982 Reasonable quality: This is based on information from Ian Wortley of Webshed. Reference: Email correspondence with Ian Wortley of WEBSHED, Date: January 24th 2010Overpriced: This is based on information from Ian Wortley of Webshed. Reference: Email correspondence with Ian Wortley of WEBSHED, Date: January 24th 2010Asymmetric: Download and upload speeds are not the same.
Security: Hacking can be prevented by ensuring that your connection is protected by firewalls
Reference for slide: Email correspondence with Ian Wortley of WEBSHED, Date: January 24th 2010Symmetrical: Both upload and download speeds are the same.
Reference for slide: http://www.switchtobroadband.com/how-broadband-works.php
Interruptions to television signal: Ian Wortley from WEBSHED has investigated this option but is inclined not to trust the service as he experiences long periods of interruptions to his television service (over 5 minutes). As the business relies on the internet for VOIP, the loss of their telephone system for any period of time “would reflect very badly” on them. Reference: Email correspondence with Ian Wortley of WEBSHED, Date: January 24th 2010Reference for slide: http://www.upc.ie/broadband/thirty/
Reference for slide: http://www.switchtobroadband.com/how-broadband-works.php
ADSL2+: “ADSL2+ (ITU G.992.5) doubles the bandwidth used for downstream data transmission, effectively doubling the maximum downstream data rates, and achieving rates of 20 Mbps on telephone lines as long at 5,000 feet.” http://whirlpool.net.au/wiki/?tag=DSL_modemS01_02