This document discusses major insect pests of cattle and their management. It outlines 8 major pests: black flies, horn flies, horse and deer flies, stable flies, cattle grubs, lice, mites, and mosquitoes. For each pest, it describes identifying characteristics, life cycles, impacts on cattle, and recommended management strategies. Management typically involves the use of insecticide applications like permethrin every 2-3 weeks and removing breeding sites or manure to disrupt pest life cycles. The document provides an overview of the key insect pests affecting cattle and guidance on integrated pest management approaches.

1. Insects Pest of cattle and
their management
Submitted by :- Dadhaniya Niv(12005379)
Submitted to :- Dr. Shimpy Sarkar
Lovely Professional University
Phagwara, Punjab

2. Major pest of cattle
1. Black Flies
2. Horn Flies
3. Horse and Deer Flies
4. Stable Flies
5. Cattle Grubs
6. Lice
7. Mites
8. Mosquitoes

3. 1) Black Flies(Simulium spp.)
• Small , dark colored, with a humpbacked
appearance
• Only females bite
• Some species attack birds, but most feed on
cattle
• Immature stages are aquatic
• Attacks usually concentrated around the ears and head
• Sunny, warm days - attacks occur in mid-morning
and in the evening
• Biting increases at the onset of storms and may
occur all day when cloudy.

4. Management
• Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin) - re-treatment after 2 week
• GardStar 40% EC (permethrin) - re-treatment after 10-14 days

5. 2) Horn Flies(Haematobia irritans)
• The adult horn fly, Haematobia irritans, is
about half the size of a house fly or stable fly.
• Both sexes have piercing mouthparts which
they use to penetrate animal skin to obtain
blood meals.
• The flies normally congregate on the
shoulders, backs, and sides of the animals.
During very hot or rainy weather the flies
move to the underside of the belly.
• Horn flies can be a serious pest of pastured
cattle by causing reduced milk production,
poor weight gain, blood loss.

6. • Unlike most other flies, horn flies remain on the animals almost
constantly, leaving only for very brief periods to lay eggs.
• Development from egg to adult is completed in 10 to 20 days.
• The flies overwinter as pupae in or under dung pats.
• .

7. Management
 Adults are parasitized by certain wasps
 Also immature stages may be fed upon by ants,
birds and mice
 Predators and parasitoids are not adequate
control alone
 Dust, pour-on(backliners) and
ear tags are effective application methods

8. Management
Insecticides Re-Treatment
Interval
Altosid Premix (methoprene)
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin) 2 week
Atroban 42.5% EC (permethrin) 10-14 days
Catron IV (permethrin)
Commando (ethion)
Cutter Gold (cyfluthrin)
CyLence (cyfluthrin) 3 week
GardStar Plus (permethrin)

9. 3) HORSE FLIES AND DEER FLIES
 Considerably larger than deer flies
 Heavy bodied, with huge heads (large
eyes in males)
 Smaller species - brown, black or gray,
usually
green eyes with reddish-gold bands
 Larger species - brown to black and
may be
slightly striped
 Usually have clear wings
 Slightly larger than house flies
 Mostly yellow or black with darker
stripes on the abdomen
 Usually dark markings or patterns on
the wings
 golden eyes with zigzag stripes
 Confused with horse flies
 flies usually attack livestock

10. Management
Insecticides Re-Treatment
Interval
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide
(permethrin)
2 week
Atroban 42.5% EC (permethrin) 10-14 days
Catron IV (permethrin) 10-14 days
Catron IV (permethrin)
GardStar 40% EC
(permethrin)
10-14 DAYS

11. 4) Stable Flies(Stomoxys calcitrans)
 Pale spot behind the head
 Indistinct stripes on the thorax
 Seven dark spots on the abdomen
 1/4-inch long
 Mouthparts stick out like a bayonet from the
front of the head
 Has a different biting habit (lower leg)
 Easy field identification tip is the behavior of
biting cattle on the lower legs. Stamping of the
feet is a sign that stable flies are feeding
since the bite is painful

12.  Each female may lay a total of 500 to 600 eggs
layings.
 Eggs hatch in 2 to 5 days and the newly emerged
larvae bury themselves, begin to feed, and mature
in 14 to 26 days.
 While the average life cycle is 28 days, this period
will vary from 22 to 58 days, depending on
weather conditions.

13. Management
 Moist manure should be removed weekly to disrupt the life cycle.
 Traps for adult flies can be useful in programs
if enough traps are used, they are placed
correctly, and they are used both indoors and
outdoors.
Insecticides Re-Treatment
Interval
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin) 2 week
Catron IV (permethrin)
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin) 10-14 days

14. 5) Cattle Grubs
 Two types of cattle grubs
 Common Cattle Grub(Hypoderma lineatum) :-
• Bee-like appearance.
• Lays 12 eggs on a single hair on the lower part of the body.
 Northern Cattle Grub(Hypoderma bovis) :-
• Similar to common cattle grub.
• Lays eggs singly on hairs on the lower part of the body.

15.  Young cattle are more susceptible than older
cattle
 Eggs hatch aprx. 4 days
 Larvae penetrate the skin and within 1-2 months
migrate to the special location
 Migrate to the back of the animal
 Larva make a pouch (warble)
 6-8 weeks later larva exits, falls to the ground
and pupates
 Adults emerge within 14-60 days

16. Management
 Area-wide control more effective than individual
efforts
 Systemic insecticides 30-60 days after fly
activity has stopped :- Cydectin Pour-On (moxidectin)
 Cattle can be injured or killed following poorly
timed applications due to the bodys reaction to
dead grubs.
 Dipping or pour-on application methods are most
convenient

17. 6) Cattle Lice(Bovicola bovis)
 USDA estimates losses of 125 million a year
 Cause lowered milk production, loss of flesh,
stunted growth and anemia
 During severe winters
 Heavily infested cattle are generally in poor
physical condition with rough, patchy hair or
coats that have a dirty appearance
 Moderate to heavy lice populations may reduce
weight of calves by as much as 0.21 lb/day
 White coats may show a dark, greasy appearance

18.  Reproduction increases in cool weather
 In the summer, generally found only in the folds
of skin between the legs and body
 In the winter, populations increase and move to
the neck, around the eyes.
 Transmitted from one animal to another by
contact

19. Management
 Examine 14 days after treatment to determine if a
second treatment is necessary
 Most insecticides are not effective against eggs
therefore reinfestation is common
 Insecticide dust bags used can be used for
control of lice good for preventing a build-up
Insecticides Re-Treatment
Interval
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin) 2 week
Boss Pour-On Insecticide 2 week
Catron IV (permethrin) 3 week
CyLence (cyfluthrin) 3 week

20. 7) Mites(Dermanyssus gallinae)
 Two body segments and 4 pairs of legs (adults) 3
pairs (immatures)
 Attack any part of the body, especially areas of
thick hair
 Lesions most commonly occur along the back and
around the tail
 Reproduction increases during cool weather and
decrease during hot weather therefore symptoms
are more evident in winter
 The life cycle is as short as 10-12 days during
the winter
 Spread from animal to animal by contact
 Causes skin irritation and itching
 Loss of hair during the winter can cause the
animals death

21. Management
Insecticides Re-Treatment
Interval
Atroban 42.5% EC (permethrin) 10-14 days
GardStar 40% EC
(permethrin)
10-14 days
Del-Phos Emulsifiable Liquid (phosmet) 7-10 days

22. 8) Mosquitoes(Culiseta longiareolata)
 Mosquitoes are small insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts, and
scales on their wings.
 Female mosquitoes suck blood but do not always need blood to lay the
first batch of eggs.
 Several species of mosquitoes attack livestock causing painful bites
and occasionally death by suffocation or heavy blood loss.
 In addition, their attacks can cause loss of weight and decreased milk
production.

23.  The mosquito life cycle consists of 4 stages.
 The eggs are laid either directly on the water surface or on damp
soil.
 Common breeding sites for mosquitoes are drainage ditches, ponds,
tin cans, old tires and tree holes. The eggs of most species hatch in 2
to 3 days, and the larvae or "wigglers" feed in the water on organic
matter.
 The larvae pass through 4 stages in about 7 to 10 days. The pupal
stage lasts 2 to 3 days, and the adult emerges from the pupal skin at
the water surface.

24. Management
• The most effective control method available is source reduction by
removing or draining mosquito breeding sites.
• Daily fogging for adult mosquitoes may provide relief but only as
temporary control measure.
• Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
• Atroban Delice Pour-On Insecticide (permethrin)
• GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)

25. Thank You