This document discusses various radiographic techniques for imaging the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It provides details on anatomy seen with different views like transcranial, transpharyngeal, panoramic. Computed tomography and MRI allow visualization of bony and soft tissues like the articular disc in multiple planes without repositioning. Each imaging modality has advantages and limitations for evaluating TMJ conditions like fractures, arthritis, disc displacement, and tumors. Proper patient positioning and technique selection are important for accurate diagnosis.
This document discusses imaging modalities for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins by introducing the anatomy and components of the TMJ. For osseous structures, imaging options include panoramic radiography, plain film radiography, computed tomography (CT), and cone beam CT. Panoramic radiography is useful for detecting gross bony changes but does not show detail or joint positions. CT and cone beam CT provide three-dimensional bone images but not of soft tissues. For soft tissues like the articular disc, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best option, as it clearly depicts disc position and abnormalities. The document reviews the techniques and indications for various imaging modalities of both osseous
Hey Guys, this presentation is all that a BDS graduate needs to know. A very basic yet important facts about CBCT.
Stay Safe
Regards
Battisi - Dr. Jasmine Singh
CBCT imaging allows dentists to visualize anatomy in 3 dimensions. It has many applications including implant planning, assessing impacted teeth, orthodontic evaluation, and examining maxillofacial trauma and lesions. CBCT provides important information such as bone quantity and quality, location of vital structures, and relationship of pathologies to surrounding tissues. It also allows for accurate pre-surgical planning through tools like radiographic tracing and implant simulation. CBCT has advantages over medical CT such as smaller size, lower radiation dose, and software tailored for dentistry.
The document discusses imaging modalities for evaluating the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Plain radiography and computed tomography are used to image bony structures of the TMJ, while arthrography, MRI and ultrasound can evaluate soft tissues like the articular disc. MRI is now the preferred modality for assessing soft tissues as it can clearly depict disc morphology and position without using ionizing radiation or contrast. The document also reviews normal TMJ anatomy and various abnormal findings that can be identified on imaging like internal derangements, degenerative changes, infections, tumors and other joint disorders.
This presentation will give you a detailed knowledge about the various techniques that can be performed for imaging various aspects and diseases of TM Joint.
CBCT provides 3D imaging using a cone-shaped X-ray beam. It is useful for dental and maxillofacial applications. The scan takes 5 seconds and images can be displayed in orthogonal planes, multiplanar reformats, or 3D renders. Clinical uses include implant planning, localization of anatomical structures, assessment of impacted teeth, fractures, and lesions. CBCT allows accurate evaluation of bone dimensions for safe implant placement with less radiation than conventional CT.
This document provides information on lateral oblique radiographs of the mandible and maxilla. It describes the indications for this type of x-ray, which include assessing unerupted teeth, fractures, and large lesions. The positioning of the patient, cassette, and x-ray tube is explained to capture the desired area while minimizing overlapping structures. Modifications for different areas of interest and using an angle board are also outlined. Key criteria for image quality like alignment, contrast and the absence of artifacts are listed.
This document provides information on extraoral radiographic techniques. It discusses various extraoral views including lateral oblique, cephalometric, submentovertex, and zygomatic arch views. For each view, it describes the positioning of the patient's head, placement of the radiographic cassette and film, and path of the x-ray beam. It also discusses the components and function of screen-film systems used in extraoral radiography, including intensifying screens, screen speeds, and the advantages of Ektavision film over T-Mat film. Common cephalometric landmarks and their use in orthodontic assessment are also summarized.
This document discusses imaging modalities for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins by introducing the anatomy and components of the TMJ. For osseous structures, imaging options include panoramic radiography, plain film radiography, computed tomography (CT), and cone beam CT. Panoramic radiography is useful for detecting gross bony changes but does not show detail or joint positions. CT and cone beam CT provide three-dimensional bone images but not of soft tissues. For soft tissues like the articular disc, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best option, as it clearly depicts disc position and abnormalities. The document reviews the techniques and indications for various imaging modalities of both osseous
Hey Guys, this presentation is all that a BDS graduate needs to know. A very basic yet important facts about CBCT.
Stay Safe
Regards
Battisi - Dr. Jasmine Singh
CBCT imaging allows dentists to visualize anatomy in 3 dimensions. It has many applications including implant planning, assessing impacted teeth, orthodontic evaluation, and examining maxillofacial trauma and lesions. CBCT provides important information such as bone quantity and quality, location of vital structures, and relationship of pathologies to surrounding tissues. It also allows for accurate pre-surgical planning through tools like radiographic tracing and implant simulation. CBCT has advantages over medical CT such as smaller size, lower radiation dose, and software tailored for dentistry.
The document discusses imaging modalities for evaluating the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Plain radiography and computed tomography are used to image bony structures of the TMJ, while arthrography, MRI and ultrasound can evaluate soft tissues like the articular disc. MRI is now the preferred modality for assessing soft tissues as it can clearly depict disc morphology and position without using ionizing radiation or contrast. The document also reviews normal TMJ anatomy and various abnormal findings that can be identified on imaging like internal derangements, degenerative changes, infections, tumors and other joint disorders.
This presentation will give you a detailed knowledge about the various techniques that can be performed for imaging various aspects and diseases of TM Joint.
CBCT provides 3D imaging using a cone-shaped X-ray beam. It is useful for dental and maxillofacial applications. The scan takes 5 seconds and images can be displayed in orthogonal planes, multiplanar reformats, or 3D renders. Clinical uses include implant planning, localization of anatomical structures, assessment of impacted teeth, fractures, and lesions. CBCT allows accurate evaluation of bone dimensions for safe implant placement with less radiation than conventional CT.
This document provides information on lateral oblique radiographs of the mandible and maxilla. It describes the indications for this type of x-ray, which include assessing unerupted teeth, fractures, and large lesions. The positioning of the patient, cassette, and x-ray tube is explained to capture the desired area while minimizing overlapping structures. Modifications for different areas of interest and using an angle board are also outlined. Key criteria for image quality like alignment, contrast and the absence of artifacts are listed.
This document provides information on extraoral radiographic techniques. It discusses various extraoral views including lateral oblique, cephalometric, submentovertex, and zygomatic arch views. For each view, it describes the positioning of the patient's head, placement of the radiographic cassette and film, and path of the x-ray beam. It also discusses the components and function of screen-film systems used in extraoral radiography, including intensifying screens, screen speeds, and the advantages of Ektavision film over T-Mat film. Common cephalometric landmarks and their use in orthodontic assessment are also summarized.
This document discusses various diagnostic imaging techniques for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), including transcranial, transpharyngeal, transorbital, and reverse Towne's views. It provides details on positioning the patient, directing the central ray, and exposure parameters for each view. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are also summarized as they allow visualization of bony structures and soft tissues like the disc. The advantages and disadvantages of CT and MRI are compared. Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders that can be evaluated with these imaging techniques are listed at the end.
This document discusses various radiographic techniques used to image the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), including:
1. Plain radiography, panoramic radiography, and tomography which image bone structure but not soft tissues.
2. Arthrography and MRI allow visualization of soft tissues like the meniscus within the TMJ.
3. Computed tomography can detect disorders like internal derangement by identifying abnormal increases in soft tissue density anterior to the condyle caused by an anteriorly displaced meniscus.
04 radiology in maxillofacial trauma.ppt. new presentationJamil Kifayatullah
1. The document discusses the role of various imaging modalities like plain radiographs, CT, and MRI in evaluating maxillofacial injuries.
2. As a radiologist, the author's aim is to provide useful input to clinicians by utilizing different available imaging tools and appreciates feedback on clinician requirements.
3. A team effort between radiologists and clinicians is important as teams are more effective than individuals in managing maxillofacial trauma cases.
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) uses a cone-shaped x-ray beam projected through the area of interest and a 2D detector to acquire multiple 2D radiographic images at different angles. These images are then used to reconstruct 3D volumetric images. CBCT has applications in dentistry for implant planning, endodontics, orthodontics and TMJ imaging due to its ability to provide high contrast images of bony structures at a lower radiation dose compared to medical CT. Some limitations include artifacts from metallic restorations, lower soft tissue contrast and isotropic resolution compared to medical CT.
This document discusses stereoscopy, which refers to the illusion of depth perception achieved through binocular vision of two slightly different images. It provides an overview of stereoscopy techniques including anaglyph and polarized methods. Applications of stereoscopy in medicine are described, particularly in ophthalmology, mammography, and vascular imaging. The document also discusses techniques and applications of stereoscopy in dentistry, including for implant planning, orthodontics, and localization of teeth or root fragments. Both advantages and limitations of stereoscopic viewing technologies are presented.
Radigraphic Imaging in Maxillofacial TraumaArjun Shenoy
This document discusses the use of radiographic examination in evaluating maxillofacial trauma. It outlines various projections and views useful for fractures in different areas of the face. It also describes radiographic signs that indicate fractures and indirect signs like soft tissue swelling. While radiography is useful, it must be interpreted carefully alongside a clinical examination. The accurate diagnosis provided by radiography, along with recent advances like spiral CT, allow for effective treatment planning in maxillofacial trauma.
The document discusses the proper positioning for a Waters projection x-ray exam, including tilting the patient's head upward at a 37 degree angle with the canthomeatal line perpendicular to the image receptor. The central x-ray beam should be perpendicular to and centered on the image receptor in the area of the maxillary sinuses. A properly positioned Waters projection will show a symmetric skull image divided in half by the midsagittal plane and the petrous ridge of the temporal bone projected below the floor of the maxillary sinus.
This document provides information on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging in dentistry. It discusses the principles of CBCT, including X-ray generation and detection, image reconstruction, and clinical considerations for protocols. CBCT uses a cone-shaped X-ray beam and area detector to create a 3D volume of the region of interest with less radiation than medical CT. It has various applications in dentistry for implant planning, orthodontic assessment, and pathology diagnosis. Potential artifacts are also described.
This document provides an overview of panoramic radiography. It discusses the history and development of panoramic radiography, the principles behind it including image layer and rotation center, equipment used, procedures for taking panoramic x-rays, common errors, clinical indications, advantages, and limitations. Panoramic radiography allows visualization of all teeth and supporting structures on a single film with a relatively low radiation dose.
- Extraoral radiographs are used to examine large areas of the skull and jaws when intraoral films cannot be used. This document discusses various extraoral radiographic techniques including panoramic, skull, mandible, maxillary sinus, and temporomandibular joint views.
- Panoramic radiographs produce a single tomographic image of the facial structures and are commonly used. Skull views like lateral cephalograms evaluate facial growth while other views examine the skull vault or sinuses.
- Mandible views include lateral obliques of the body and ramus as well as posteroanterior projections. Maxillary sinus views use modifications of the Water's view.
- Temporomandibular
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) develops between the 8th and 14th week of gestation from the first branchial arch. It continues developing through childhood as the jaw is used for sucking and chewing. The TMJ is an atypical synovial joint located between the mandibular condyle and temporal bone. Various radiographic techniques like panoramic radiography and CT scans are used to image the TMJ and assess for abnormalities. Common anatomic variations and pathologies seen include bifid condyles, condylar hypoplasia, condylar hyperplasia, and pneumatization of the temporal bone.
1. The document describes the anatomy and imaging techniques of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
2. It details the components of the TMJ including the articular disc, condyle, and fossa.
3. Various radiographic and advanced imaging modalities for evaluating the TMJ are discussed such as panoramic radiography, tomography, CT, MRI, and arthrography.
4. Each imaging technique has advantages and limitations for assessing abnormalities, injuries, and diseases affecting the TMJ structures.
CBCT provides volumetric imaging with less radiation than medical CT. It involves an X-ray source and detector rotating around the patient to obtain multiple 2D projections, which are reconstructed into a 3D volume. This allows visualization of structures like bone and teeth from any angle. CBCT has numerous dental and maxillofacial applications like implant planning, orthodontics, and pathology assessment. While it provides more accuracy than 2D imaging, CBCT images can be affected by artifacts from scatter, motion, and metal objects. Overall, CBCT is a useful tool for evaluating anatomy in 3D.
CBCT stands for cone beam computed tomography. It is a 3D imaging technique that uses a cone-shaped X-ray beam to capture volumetric images of the teeth, jaws, and surrounding structures. CBCT provides more detailed views than conventional 2D X-rays and exposes patients to less radiation than traditional medical CT scans. It has various applications in dentistry, including implant planning, endodontics, surgery, and orthodontics by allowing visualization of hard tissues and their relationship to anatomical structures.
CBCT provides high resolution 3D imaging of the maxillofacial region with lower radiation dose compared to medical CT. It has become an important tool in dentistry since its introduction in the late 1990s. CBCT works by taking X-ray images of the head from different angles and using complex algorithms to reconstruct 3D volumetric images. While it offers advantages over 2D imaging, CBCT is also subject to various artifacts from beam hardening, metal objects, and patient movement. Proper use and understanding of these limitations is important for accurate interpretation of CBCT scans.
This is a presentation describing in brief regarding the physics behind MRI and it's application from dental point of view. It contains few videos as well.
This document summarizes diagnostic imaging techniques for disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It describes the anatomy of the TMJ and its components. It then discusses various disorders including developmental abnormalities like condylar hyperplasia and hypoplasia, soft tissue abnormalities like internal derangements, remodeling and different types of arthritis. It also covers trauma-related conditions, tumors, and diagnostic features seen on imaging for each disorder. A wide range of TMJ pathologies are described with an emphasis on radiographic presentations.
TMJ is a ginglymo-diarthroidal joint that is freely mobile with superior and inferior joint spaces separated by articular disc.
The type of imaging technique depends upon the clinical problems associated, so either imaging of hard tissue (OSSEOUS) or soft tissue is desired.
Certain protocols are to be taken care before the imaging procedure:
the amount of diagnostic information available from particular imaging modality.
The cost of examination
The radiation dose
This document discusses various diagnostic imaging techniques for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), including transcranial, transpharyngeal, transorbital, and reverse Towne's views. It provides details on positioning the patient, directing the central ray, and exposure parameters for each view. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are also summarized as they allow visualization of bony structures and soft tissues like the disc. The advantages and disadvantages of CT and MRI are compared. Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders that can be evaluated with these imaging techniques are listed at the end.
This document discusses various radiographic techniques used to image the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), including:
1. Plain radiography, panoramic radiography, and tomography which image bone structure but not soft tissues.
2. Arthrography and MRI allow visualization of soft tissues like the meniscus within the TMJ.
3. Computed tomography can detect disorders like internal derangement by identifying abnormal increases in soft tissue density anterior to the condyle caused by an anteriorly displaced meniscus.
04 radiology in maxillofacial trauma.ppt. new presentationJamil Kifayatullah
1. The document discusses the role of various imaging modalities like plain radiographs, CT, and MRI in evaluating maxillofacial injuries.
2. As a radiologist, the author's aim is to provide useful input to clinicians by utilizing different available imaging tools and appreciates feedback on clinician requirements.
3. A team effort between radiologists and clinicians is important as teams are more effective than individuals in managing maxillofacial trauma cases.
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) uses a cone-shaped x-ray beam projected through the area of interest and a 2D detector to acquire multiple 2D radiographic images at different angles. These images are then used to reconstruct 3D volumetric images. CBCT has applications in dentistry for implant planning, endodontics, orthodontics and TMJ imaging due to its ability to provide high contrast images of bony structures at a lower radiation dose compared to medical CT. Some limitations include artifacts from metallic restorations, lower soft tissue contrast and isotropic resolution compared to medical CT.
This document discusses stereoscopy, which refers to the illusion of depth perception achieved through binocular vision of two slightly different images. It provides an overview of stereoscopy techniques including anaglyph and polarized methods. Applications of stereoscopy in medicine are described, particularly in ophthalmology, mammography, and vascular imaging. The document also discusses techniques and applications of stereoscopy in dentistry, including for implant planning, orthodontics, and localization of teeth or root fragments. Both advantages and limitations of stereoscopic viewing technologies are presented.
Radigraphic Imaging in Maxillofacial TraumaArjun Shenoy
This document discusses the use of radiographic examination in evaluating maxillofacial trauma. It outlines various projections and views useful for fractures in different areas of the face. It also describes radiographic signs that indicate fractures and indirect signs like soft tissue swelling. While radiography is useful, it must be interpreted carefully alongside a clinical examination. The accurate diagnosis provided by radiography, along with recent advances like spiral CT, allow for effective treatment planning in maxillofacial trauma.
The document discusses the proper positioning for a Waters projection x-ray exam, including tilting the patient's head upward at a 37 degree angle with the canthomeatal line perpendicular to the image receptor. The central x-ray beam should be perpendicular to and centered on the image receptor in the area of the maxillary sinuses. A properly positioned Waters projection will show a symmetric skull image divided in half by the midsagittal plane and the petrous ridge of the temporal bone projected below the floor of the maxillary sinus.
This document provides information on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging in dentistry. It discusses the principles of CBCT, including X-ray generation and detection, image reconstruction, and clinical considerations for protocols. CBCT uses a cone-shaped X-ray beam and area detector to create a 3D volume of the region of interest with less radiation than medical CT. It has various applications in dentistry for implant planning, orthodontic assessment, and pathology diagnosis. Potential artifacts are also described.
This document provides an overview of panoramic radiography. It discusses the history and development of panoramic radiography, the principles behind it including image layer and rotation center, equipment used, procedures for taking panoramic x-rays, common errors, clinical indications, advantages, and limitations. Panoramic radiography allows visualization of all teeth and supporting structures on a single film with a relatively low radiation dose.
- Extraoral radiographs are used to examine large areas of the skull and jaws when intraoral films cannot be used. This document discusses various extraoral radiographic techniques including panoramic, skull, mandible, maxillary sinus, and temporomandibular joint views.
- Panoramic radiographs produce a single tomographic image of the facial structures and are commonly used. Skull views like lateral cephalograms evaluate facial growth while other views examine the skull vault or sinuses.
- Mandible views include lateral obliques of the body and ramus as well as posteroanterior projections. Maxillary sinus views use modifications of the Water's view.
- Temporomandibular
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) develops between the 8th and 14th week of gestation from the first branchial arch. It continues developing through childhood as the jaw is used for sucking and chewing. The TMJ is an atypical synovial joint located between the mandibular condyle and temporal bone. Various radiographic techniques like panoramic radiography and CT scans are used to image the TMJ and assess for abnormalities. Common anatomic variations and pathologies seen include bifid condyles, condylar hypoplasia, condylar hyperplasia, and pneumatization of the temporal bone.
1. The document describes the anatomy and imaging techniques of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
2. It details the components of the TMJ including the articular disc, condyle, and fossa.
3. Various radiographic and advanced imaging modalities for evaluating the TMJ are discussed such as panoramic radiography, tomography, CT, MRI, and arthrography.
4. Each imaging technique has advantages and limitations for assessing abnormalities, injuries, and diseases affecting the TMJ structures.
CBCT provides volumetric imaging with less radiation than medical CT. It involves an X-ray source and detector rotating around the patient to obtain multiple 2D projections, which are reconstructed into a 3D volume. This allows visualization of structures like bone and teeth from any angle. CBCT has numerous dental and maxillofacial applications like implant planning, orthodontics, and pathology assessment. While it provides more accuracy than 2D imaging, CBCT images can be affected by artifacts from scatter, motion, and metal objects. Overall, CBCT is a useful tool for evaluating anatomy in 3D.
CBCT stands for cone beam computed tomography. It is a 3D imaging technique that uses a cone-shaped X-ray beam to capture volumetric images of the teeth, jaws, and surrounding structures. CBCT provides more detailed views than conventional 2D X-rays and exposes patients to less radiation than traditional medical CT scans. It has various applications in dentistry, including implant planning, endodontics, surgery, and orthodontics by allowing visualization of hard tissues and their relationship to anatomical structures.
CBCT provides high resolution 3D imaging of the maxillofacial region with lower radiation dose compared to medical CT. It has become an important tool in dentistry since its introduction in the late 1990s. CBCT works by taking X-ray images of the head from different angles and using complex algorithms to reconstruct 3D volumetric images. While it offers advantages over 2D imaging, CBCT is also subject to various artifacts from beam hardening, metal objects, and patient movement. Proper use and understanding of these limitations is important for accurate interpretation of CBCT scans.
This is a presentation describing in brief regarding the physics behind MRI and it's application from dental point of view. It contains few videos as well.
This document summarizes diagnostic imaging techniques for disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It describes the anatomy of the TMJ and its components. It then discusses various disorders including developmental abnormalities like condylar hyperplasia and hypoplasia, soft tissue abnormalities like internal derangements, remodeling and different types of arthritis. It also covers trauma-related conditions, tumors, and diagnostic features seen on imaging for each disorder. A wide range of TMJ pathologies are described with an emphasis on radiographic presentations.
TMJ is a ginglymo-diarthroidal joint that is freely mobile with superior and inferior joint spaces separated by articular disc.
The type of imaging technique depends upon the clinical problems associated, so either imaging of hard tissue (OSSEOUS) or soft tissue is desired.
Certain protocols are to be taken care before the imaging procedure:
the amount of diagnostic information available from particular imaging modality.
The cost of examination
The radiation dose
Diagnostic imaging in head and neck pathologyHayat Youssef
This document provides an overview of various diagnostic imaging modalities used in head and neck pathology including their history, principles, applications, advantages, and limitations. It discusses x-ray imaging techniques like conventional radiography and tomography. It also covers computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound imaging, and nuclear imaging techniques like scintigraphy, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission tomography. Each imaging modality is described in terms of its basic principles, clinical applications in head and neck cases, benefits, and shortcomings. The document serves as a comprehensive reference for radiologists on diagnostic tools available for evaluating head and neck conditions.
The document discusses various temporomandibular joint (TMJ) findings that can be seen on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It begins by describing the normal TMJ anatomy and capsule structures visible on imaging. It then discusses various abnormal and pathological TMJ findings that can be developmental, soft tissue related, or due to remodeling/arthritis. Developmental conditions covered include hemifacial microsomia, condylar aplasia, hypoplasia, and hyperplasia. Soft tissue abnormalities include internal derangements and disc displacements. Remodeling and arthritic changes described are flattening, erosion, osteophytes, sclerosis, and subchond
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) permits the mandible to move through gliding and hinge movements. It consists of the mandibular condyle, mandibular fossa, articular disc, and articular capsule. The condyle articulates with the fossa and articular eminence, while the articular disc separates the joint into upper and lower compartments. The joint capsule surrounds the joint and is lined with a synovial membrane that produces lubricating synovial fluid. Accessory ligaments and the lateral temporomandibular ligament provide stability to the joint. The TMJ undergoes age-related changes including flattening of the condyle and thinning of the
conventional radiography in maxillofacial traumashivani gaba
1. Imaging modalities have advanced from plain films and panoramic studies to CT which provides multiplanar images overcoming superimposition.
2. When imaging facial trauma, plain films are still important but are limited by 2D images. CT is now the standard for complex facial injuries.
3. It is important to understand the normal biomechanics and patterns of facial bone fractures to properly evaluate imaging studies for maxillofacial trauma. Recognition of common fracture patterns aids in diagnosis.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects the jaw to the skull. TMJ disorders are commonly caused by muscular problems or issues with the TMJ elements. Diagnosis involves x-rays or CT/MRI scans of the joint. Conservative treatments include rest, warm compresses, splints, gentle exercises, and injections. More invasive procedures include washing out the joint or cortisone injections. Surgery is a last resort to replace the jaw joints.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy, development, and surgical anatomy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It discusses the key components of the TMJ, including the mandibular condyle, articular surfaces of the temporal bone, articular disc, fibrous capsule, and ligaments. It describes the development of the TMJ from two distinct blastemas beginning in the 7th week in utero. The document highlights several unique features of the TMJ, such as its articular surface being covered by fibrocartilage instead of hyaline cartilage. It also reviews the movements, vascular supply, innervation, and age-related changes of the TMJ.
Temporomandibular joint imaging 2 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
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This document discusses imaging modalities for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Plain film radiography and computed tomography (CT) are used to image osseous structures of the TMJ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred method for evaluating soft tissues like the articular disc. Common findings on imaging include disc displacement, osteoarthritis, fractures, and tumors. A variety of projection views are described for plain films, while CT, CBCT, and MRI allow multi-planar imaging of both hard and soft tissues.
This document discusses imaging modalities for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins by introducing the anatomy and components of the TMJ. For osseous structures, imaging options include panoramic radiography, plain film radiography, computed tomography (CT), and cone beam CT. Panoramic radiography is useful for detecting gross bony changes but does not show detail or joint positions. CT and cone beam CT provide three-dimensional bone images but not of soft tissues. For soft tissues, options are arthrography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Arthrography involves injecting contrast into the joint while MRI produces high quality images of discs and inflammation without radiation or injection. MRI is now the
Panoramic radiography produces a single tomographic image of the facial structures including the maxillary and mandibular arches. It uses the principle of reciprocal movement of an X-ray source and image receptor around a central point or plane called the image layer. Multiple centers of rotation are used to maintain the dental arches within the focal trough. Panoramic radiography provides a broad anatomical view with less radiation than full-mouth intraoral films but has less resolution and potential for superimposition artifacts. It is useful for trauma evaluation, orthodontic treatment planning, and detection of lesions or developmental anomalies too large for intraoral films.
This document discusses various radiographic techniques used in pediatric dentistry. It describes extraoral and intraoral radiographic techniques including indications, positioning of the patient and film, central ray direction and exposure parameters. Extraoral techniques discussed include posteroanterior skull, submentovertex, lateral skull, and transcranial views. Intraoral techniques include panoramic radiography, occlusal radiography, bitewing radiography, periapical radiography and temporomandibular joint radiography.
This presentation covers routinely used intraoral & extraoral plain radiographs used in assessment of maxillofacial trauma patients with extended coverage on occlusal radiographs. This PPT is echanced with addition of images for all radiographs
This document summarizes various imaging techniques for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It discusses both hard and soft tissue imaging modalities, including plain film radiography techniques like tomography, computed tomography (CT), cone beam CT, as well as soft tissue techniques like MRI, arthrography, and ultrasound. The selection of imaging technique depends on the clinical problem and whether hard or soft tissues need to be visualized. Each modality has advantages and limitations for evaluating abnormalities of the TMJ bones and joints.
Thorough knowledge of the indications of various extra oral techniques allows accurate and timely diagnosis of various maxillofacial pathologies. Further, we can arrive at a diagnosis with minimum number of x-rays there by reducing patient exposure to radiation.
This document discusses imaging modalities for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It begins with an overview of TMJ anatomy and components. It then reviews various imaging techniques for evaluating both osseous and soft tissue structures of the TMJ, including plain radiography, panoramic radiography, computed tomography (CT), cone-beam CT (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, arthrography, and radionuclide imaging. For each technique, it describes the methodology, what structures can be visualized, advantages, and limitations. It also provides examples of normal and abnormal TMJ imaging findings like condylar fractures, degenerative changes, disc displacement, hyperplasia, and hypop
This document discusses various extraoral and intraoral radiographic techniques used in dentistry. It describes different cephalometric projections like lateral, PA, and submentovertex views used to examine fractures and TMJ disorders. Common maxillofacial projections shown are occipitomental, posteroanterior skull, and reverse Towne's views. Intraoral techniques discussed include periapical, bitewing, and occlusal radiographs used for caries detection, implant planning, and foreign body localization. The document provides indications, positioning, and advantages of each radiographic method.
This document discusses various imaging techniques used to image the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). It describes imaging modalities for both osseous and soft tissue structures of the TMJ. For osseous structures, it details panoramic radiography, plain film radiography, computed tomography, and cone beam computed tomography. It provides details on positioning and exposure parameters for transcranial, lateral transcranial, anterior transcranial, and open mouth views used in plain film radiography of the TMJ. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound are mentioned for imaging soft tissues of the TMJ.
High Resolution Computer TomographyTEMPORAL BONE Pathology.pptxNagasai Pelala
HRCT of the temporal bone helps evaluate bone anatomy and disorders of the middle ear. It provides excellent delineation of bony landmarks due to the inherent contrast between air in the mastoid air cells and surrounding dense temporal bone. HRCT allows assessment of the anatomical extent of middle ear infections and complications. Congenital malformations like atresia of the external auditory canal and acquired conditions like cholesteatoma, which presents as a sac lined with skin growing in the middle ear, can be seen. Important complications of middle ear infections include mastoiditis, abscesses, and intracranial extensions that can be detected on HRCT temporal bone.
SANTOSH jaiswal Radiology of Nose n PNS.pptxbackup.pptxSantosh Jaiswal
The document discusses imaging techniques used for the nose and paranasal sinuses, including x-rays, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans. It provides details on standard views and protocols for each modality. Key anatomical structures are identified on sample images. Common variations, diseases, and tumors are described, along with characteristic imaging findings for each. Examples include mucocoeles appearing as well-defined masses, fungal infections showing calcifications or bone changes, and meningiomas causing osseous sclerosis. Imaging plays an important role in evaluating conditions of the nose and sinuses.
Anatomy of lateral wall of nose with relevanceMalarvizhi R
June 2014, a ppt for DLO and MS ENT postgraduate students lecture by Prof Dr.G.Gananathan MS DLO FICS, then HOD & Prof of MMC, on endoscopic and ct relevence to lateral wall of nose and paranasal sinus.
This document provides an overview of cervical spine radiography and common cervical spine fractures. It begins with an anatomical description of the cervical vertebrae and positioning for standard anterior-posterior and lateral cervical spine views. Common fractures discussed include Jefferson fractures, hangman's fractures, clay shoveler's fractures, and odontoid fractures. Flexion teardrop fractures and anterior subluxations are also summarized. The document emphasizes radiographic features that help characterize each type of cervical spine injury.
Anatomy and Radiography of shoulder and armPrasanta Nath
The document discusses the anatomy and radiography of the shoulder and arm. It describes the anatomy of the shoulder girdle including the clavicle and scapula. It then discusses various radiographic views of the shoulder including the AP view with the patient supine or seated. Lateral views are taken with the patient standing and arm abducted. The anatomy of the humerus is also described along with common radiographic views like AP and lateral with the patient supine or erect.
This document discusses various radiographic imaging modalities used for evaluating maxillofacial injuries and conditions. It describes common imaging techniques including plain radiographs, computed tomography, cone beam CT, MRI, and ultrasound. Specific plain film projections are outlined such as intraoral periapical, occlusal, and panoramic views. Extraoral views explained include lateral cephalometric, waters, submentovertex, and various views for evaluating the temporomandibular joint. The advantages, indications, and limitations of different radiographic techniques are provided to allow for accurate diagnosis while minimizing radiation exposure.
The document discusses craniospinal irradiation (CSI) for treating tumors that can spread through the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), such as medulloblastoma. It describes how CSI was developed to treat the entire nervous system by irradiating the brain, spinal cord, and CSF spaces. Key points covered include tumor types treated with CSI, techniques for delivering CSI safely and uniformly, matching fields at junctions, and dose schedules for average and high-risk patients.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
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In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version TEST BANK For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice, 3rd Edition by DeMarco, Walsh, Verified Chapters 1 - 25, Complete Newest Version Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Answers Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Studocu Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community and Public Health Nursing: Evidence for Practice 3rd Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Histopathology of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Visual treat
Tmj joint imaging
1.
2. TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
TMJ is a ginglymo-diarthroidal joint
that is freely mobile with superior
and inferior joint spaces separated
by articular disc.
3.
4. Radiographic
anatomy
Extreme aspects of condyle – medial & lateral
poles
Long axis of condyle is slightly rotated on the
condylar neck such that the medial pole is
angled posteriorly- angle of 15 to 33 degrees
with the sagittal plane.
Two condylar axes typically intersect near the
anterior border of the foramen magnum-
submentovertex projection
5. Complete calcification ofTMJ-20 yrs
No cortical border in children-radiograph
Mandibular fossa & articular eminence-4 yrs-
mature shape
Pneumatization-sometimes
Radiographic joint space-radiolucent area
between the condyle and temporal
component
8. The patient’s head is displaced forward/ the
alignment of the source is altered so that the central
beam is oriented along the long axis of the condyle.
Condyles - gross osseous changes, extensive
erosions, growths or fractures
No information about condylar position or function
(Mandible is partly opened and protruded when this
Radiograph is exposed)
9. Dental panoramic tomograph
Indications-
TMJ dysfunction syndrome
Disease within joint
Pathology-condylar heads
Fracture of condylar head & neck
Condylar hypo/hyperplasia
10. Advanced high condylar panoramic
radiography
Sagittal (lateral) plane ->several image
slices
Closed (maximal intercuspation)
position & in maximal open position
Condylar long axis with respect to the
midsagittal plane –submentovertex
patient's head is rotated to an angle,
permitting alignment of image slices
perpendicular to the condylar long axis.
12. Coronal tomographs
Maximal open or protruded position
Condyle to the summit of the articular
eminence
Free of superimposition of the posterior
slope of eminence.
Entire condylar head is visible in the
mediolateral plane
13. CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHS
TRANSCRANIALVIEW
INDICATION AREA OF JOINT
SEEN
TMJ pain
dysfunction
syndrome
Lateral aspect of:
Glenoid fossa
Articular eminence
Joint space
Condylar head
Internal
derangement
Range of
movement in joints
14. Film position: flat against patients ear
Centered overTM joint of interest
Against facial skin parallel to sagittal plane
Position of patient: head adjusted so sagittal
plane is vertical & ala tragus line parallel to
floor
View :3 positions-open, close, rest mouth
15. Central ray
A) Postauricular/ LindblomTechnique
-1/2 inch behind and 2 inch above auditory
meatus
-central ray should be directed posteriorly so it
passes along long axis of condyle.
B) Grewcock approach
-central ray passes through a point 2 inches
above ext. auditory meatus.
C) Gill’s approach
- ½ inch anterior and 2 inch above EAM
16. Central ray aimed downwards at 25 degree to
the horizontal, across the cranium, centering
throughTMJ of interest
Closed view- size of joint space, position of
head of condyle, shape & condition of glenoid
fossa & articular eminence
Open view- range & type of movement
Comparison of both sides
Disadvantages :
Superimposition of ipsilateral petrous ridge
over the condylar neck
17.
18. Transcranial projections of the leftTMJ. degree
of translatory movement between the closed
view (A) and the open view
19. TRANSPHARYNGEAL
VIEW/Infracranial/McQueen
Dell
INDICATION AREA OF JOINT SEEN
Tmj pain dysfunction
syndrome
Lateral view:
Condylar head & neck
Articular surface
Osteoarthritis &
rheumatoid arthritis
Pathology-condylar
head-cyst & tumor
Fracture of neck &
condyle
20. Film placement-patient holds the cassette
flat against patients ear
Centered overTM joint of interest
Against facial skin parallel to sagittal plane
½ inch anterior to EAM
Position of patient- occlusal plane parallel to
transverse axis of film-soft parts are in a line
with nasopharynx and joint
21. Patient instructed to inhale slowly through nose,
filling of nasopharynx with air
Open mouth-condyles move away from base of
skull and mandibular notch is enlarged on opp side.
Central ray- directed from opp side cranially at
angle(-5 to -10 degrees)
Beneath the zygomatic arch, through sigmoid notch
posteriorly across pharynx at the condyle
Comparison of both condylar heads
24. Parma modification
Lead lined open ended cone is removed and
tube head is brought closer to skin surface
producing magnification of structure
reducing superimposition
26. Film position-behind patients head at an
angle of 45 degree to sagittal pane
Position of patient-
-sagittal pane vertical
-Canthomeatal line should be 10 degree to the
horizontal with head tipped downwards
Central ray-
-tube head-front of patients face
-directed to joint of interest at an angle of +20
degrees to strike cassette at right angles
27. Point of entry may be taken as-
- Pupil of the same eye-asking patient to look
straight ahead
- Medial canthus of the same eye
- Disadvantage : if the patient cannot open
wide, areas of the joint articulating surfaces
will be obscured because of mutual
superimposition
29. Reverse towne’s
INDICATION AREAS OF JOINT SEEN
Articular surface of
condyles and disease
within joint
Posterior view of both
condylar head and neck
Fracture of condylar
head & neck,
intracapsular fracture
Condylar
hypo/hyperplasia
30. Film position-cassette placed perpendicular
to the floor
Long axis of cassette placed vertically
Position of patient-
-sagittal plane vertical & perpendicular to film
-lips are centered on the film
-only forehead should touch the film
-mouth wide open
-angle of negative 30 degrees to film
Central ray-directed midsagittal plane at the
level of mandible and perpendicular to film
32. Towne’s view/anteroposterior
view
Observe occipital area of skull
Neck of condylar process
Film position-cassette perpendicular to floor,
long axis-vertically
Position of patient- back of patients head
touching film. canthomeatal line
perpendicular to film
Central ray-30 degree to canthomeatal line &
passes it at a point b/n external auditory
canals
34. ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Ultrasonography was described to be an
alternative method in the imaging of theTMJ
by Stefanoff et al. (1992).
High resolution ultrasonography was used to
show satisfying results in further studies by
Emshoff et al. (2002) and Jank et al. (2002).
35. Noninvasive and inexpensive
Disc displacement and joint effusion
Scarce accessibility of the medial part of the
TMJ structures
Need for trained and calibrated operators
Advantages
Disadvant
ages
36. Positioning of the transducer and consequent visualization of the
temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A. Horizontal positioning,
transverse image of theTMJ. B.Vertical positioning,
coronal/sagittal image of theTMJ (depending on the angulation of
the transducer).
37. TMJ ARTHROGRAPHY
Norgaard (1940)
Indications:
Position and function of disk -pain and
dysfunction-long standing
History of locking-persistent
Perforations of the disk and retrodiskal tissue.
Joint dynamics
Disc displacement-ant/anteromedial
38. Therapeutic :
To delineate loose bodies in the joint spaces
Diagnostic aspiration of joint fluid.
Intraarticular injections of steroids
Contraindications:
Infections in the preauricular region.
Patients allergic to contrast media.
Patients with bleeding disorders and on
anticoagulant therapy
39. Techniques
Single contrast – lower compartment
arthrography is most commonly done
Double contrast – contrast medium into
the lower compartment and injection of
air into the upper compartment.
Disk is anteriorly positioned and thickened
40. STEPS
Contrast media – non ionic agents such as
iopamidol-370,iodohexol-350
Fluoroscopy aids in accurate positioning of
needle
Primary record-video-allows imaging of
joint compartments as they move
Only lateral parts seen
41. Medial aspect of joint-thin section
multidirectional hypocycloidal tomography
5-6 slides ,2-3 mm apart, patient mouth open
and closed
If further info-contrast –upper joint space-
repeat investigation
42. Computed Tomography (CT)
Three-dimensional shape and internal
structure of the osseous components
Surrounding soft tissue
Both axial & coronal images
Reformat images in sagittal plane
Not diagnostic for disk
43. Indications
Extent of ankylosis
neoplasms-bone involvement
Complex fractures
Complications -polytetrafluoroethylene or
silicon sheet implants -erosions into the
middle cranial fossa
Heterotopic bone growth
44. DIRECT SAGITTAL
CT SCANS
3 scans/joint-
closed, half, open-
2mm slice
thickness
Neck bent- 45 to
55 degree so that
the plane of ramus
is parallel to the
imaging plane
45.
46. GUNDUZ, K.; AVSEVER, H.
& KARACAYLI, U. Bilateral
bifid condylar process. Int.
J. Morphol., 28(3):941-944,
2010.
Panoramic radiograph displaying
duplication of both condyles.
Coronal computed tomography
47. MAGNETIC RESONSNCE IMAGING
(MRI)
Magnetic field and radiofrequency pulses
Tissue with greater water content emit a higher
signal
Bilateral dual surface coils- 0.5 to 2 tesla-Improve
image resolution
Oblique sagittal/oblique coronal scans with t1, t2
Closed mouth, partially open and fully open
positions
48. images in the sagittal and coronal planes
without repositioning the patient
T1-weighted images best –osseous & diskal
tissues
T2-weighted images-inflammation and joint
effusion.
Motion MRI studies-during opening and closing
the patient open in a series of stepped distances
and using rapid image acquisition. ("fast scan ")
49. Disk is of low signal intensity (dark grey or black)
and can be distinguished from surrounding tissue
that has high signal intensity.
Posterior disk attachment (PDA) shows higher
than the disk and the junction between the
posterior band of the disk and PDA is distinct.
Medial disk displacements-best seen
50. MRI of a normalTMJ.A, Closed view showing the condyle and
temporal component.The biconcave disk is located with its
posterior band (arrow) over the condyle.
B. Coronal image showing the osseous components and disk
(arrows) superior to the condyle.
51. This sagittal MR image shows
anterior disk displacement in the
closed mouth position. Disc is
deformed
55. Advantages of CT Advantages of MRI
Direct delineation of bony
structures-surgical
anatomy
Reconstruction in all planes
Some soft tissues-lateral
pterygoid muscle
3-D images from any angle
Disadvantages-
-high radiation exposure
-soft tissues cant be
appreciated
Soft tissues-esp disk and
its association
Information in short
acquisition time
Disadvatages-
-expensive
-claustophobia
56. BONE SCINTIGRAPHY
Sensitive technique
Bone and joint pathology
Intravenous injection of tracer dose of radionuclide-
technetium methylene diphosphonate.
Planar and tomographic images are obtained in all
planes.
Indication-to rule out tumors, condylar
hypoplasia,internal derangement
57. Advantages of bone scintigraphy :
Bone changes are demonstrated before they
are depicted by radiographic examn up to 6 to
12 months earlier in neoplastic involvement.
Up to 2 weeks earlier in bone infection.
Disadvantage
Lack of specificity.
Radionuclide imaging of a patient with
condylar hyperplasia of the leftTMJ
58. CONCLUSION
Complex joint
Multiple pathologies
Superimposition and clear view-correct
positioning
Proper diagnosis and treatment plan