Tissue engineering aims to restore and replace damaged organs, with FDA approval for limited human applications. The field began in the 1980s and is characterized by the use of scaffolds and stem cells to regenerate tissues, though it currently faces challenges such as high costs and ethical issues. Despite these obstacles, tissue engineering offers potential advantages like reduced surgeries and no need for organ donors.

1. Department Of Biotechnology
1
ALOK YADAV (M.sc MICRO)
Topic :- Tissue Engineering
Submitted by :
Alok Yadav
M.Sc Microbiology
Submitted to:
Ms. Ashal ilyas

2. Tissue Engineering
The goal of tissue engineering
-To restore, repair and replace diseased organ into a
fully functional one.
- In practice, term is closely associated with
applications that repair or replace of or whole
tissues i.e.- Bone, Cartilage and Skin etc.
- Approved by the FDA.
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3. FDA- Food and Drug Administration
− Protecting the public health by ensuring the
safety, efficacy and security of human and
veterinary drug etc.
− Tissue engineering , currently used in limited
human patients.
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4. A Brief History
− Tissue engineering is a relatively new field of
medicine, with research only starting in the 1980s.
− An American bioengineer and scientist named Yuan-
Cheng Fung submitted a proposal to the National
Science Foundation (NSF) for a research center to be
dedicated to living tissues.
− Fung took the concept of human tissue and expanded
it to apply to any living organism b/w cell and organs.
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5. - Based on this proposal, the National Science
Foundation labeled the term “tissue engineering” in
an effort to form a new field of scientific research.
- In 2008 and 2011, revolutionary article were
published in The Lancet reporting on regeneration of
a tracheal transplant.
- The tracheal transplant procedure used Stem cells
extracted from the patient’s bone marrow in
conjunction with a synthetic Scaffold to create the
artificial organ.
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6. Purpose of Tissue Engineering
- Tissue engineering has a few main functions in
medicine and research: helping with tissue or
organ repair including bone repair, cartilage
tissue, and vascular tissue.
- This field also conducts research on stem cell
behavior.
- Stem cells can develop into many different types
of cells and may help repair areas of the body.
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7. How it Works
- The process of tissue engineering is a
complicated one.
- It involves forming a 3D functional tissue to
help repair, replace and regenerate a tissue or
organ in the body.
- To do this, cells and biomolecules are
combined with scaffolds.
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8. Scaffolds
- Scaffolds are artificial or natural structures that mimic real
organs such as the kidney or liver .
- The tissue grows on these scaffolds to mimic the biological
process or structure that needs to be replaced.
- Scaffolds, which are normally created by cells in the body, can
be built from sources as protein in the body, man-made
plastics.
Biomolecules lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acid
help make up cell structure and function.
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9. Picking the right cells is an important part of tissue
engineering .
 Special human cells that have ability to develop into many
different cell types, from muscle cells to brain cells.
There are two main types of stem cells.
- Embryonic stem cells: originate from embryos, usually in eggs
that have been fertilized in vitro.
- Adult stem cells: found inside the body among regular cells –
they can multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and
tissue.
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10. Medical Use
• Tissue engineering is not widely used for patient care
or treatment.
• There have been a few cases which have used tissue
engineering skin grafts, cartilage repair, small
arteries, and bladders in patients.
• Large organs like the heart, lungs, and liver have not
been used in patient yet. (they have been created in labs)
• The procedures are extremely costly.
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11. Advantage of Tissue Engineering
• Help a person conquer a disease or illness
• Person will go through fewer surgeries
• No chance of rejection
• People would not have to wait for an organ donor
• People would not have to donate their organs after they die
• This technology could lead to even greater technologies in
the future
• Permanent solution
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12. Disadvantage of Tissue Engineering
• Medicine researchers face many difficulties in constructing
suitable scaffolds
• It takes a lot of research and understanding of each organ
and tissue
• Ethical issues
• Cells have to stay alive inside the body and continuous to
function which is difficult for researchers to discover for
complex organs
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