Presentation by Kebede Amenu, Coen van Wagenberg, Claudia Ganser, James Noah Ssemanda, Arie Havelaar, Kristine Roesel, Biruk Alemu Gemeda, Lina Mego, Donya Madjdian, Theo Knight-Jones at a stakeholder update workshop on Ethiopia food safety research projects, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20 May 2021.
The Infection and Treatment Method in control of East Coast Fever in Kenya: d...IFPRI-PIM
This poster was given by Jumba Humphrey (ILRI), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices and small-scale commercial feed ...ILRI
Presented by Ben Lukuyu, Stella Namazzi, Pius Lutakome and Emily Ouma at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Strengths of the CGIAR Antimicrobial Resistance HubILRI
Presentation by Arshnee Moodley at the International Vaccine Institute Africa Regional Antimicrobial Resistance Data Sharing and Analysis Virtual Workshop, 29 June 2021
Livestock in ASEAN countries: Animal and human health and value chainsILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger and Delia Grace at a webinar on 'The future of farming: Opportunities for Irish agritech in Southeast Asia', 27 May 2021.
The critical crossroads of animal, human, and environmental health: Scaling u...ILRI
Presented by Mark Mitchell, Kristina Roesel, Bernard Bett, Lasha Avaliani, Bedasa Eba and Christine Jost at a Livestock and Livelihoods Webinar series, 21 September 2021
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in SADC Region ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore and Sikhalazo Dube at the Virtual Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) / International Cooperating Partner (ICP) Group Meeting on Agriculture and Food Security. Gaborone, Botswana, 7 October 2020.
The Infection and Treatment Method in control of East Coast Fever in Kenya: d...IFPRI-PIM
This poster was given by Jumba Humphrey (ILRI), as part of the Annual Scientific Conference hosted by the CGIAR Collaborative Platform for Gender Research. The event took place on 5-6 December 2017 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, where the Platform is hosted (by KIT Royal Tropical Institute).
Read more: http://gender.cgiar.org/gender_events/annual-scientific-conference-capacity-development-workshop-cgiar-collaborative-platform-gender-research/
Assessing knowledge, attitude, and practices and small-scale commercial feed ...ILRI
Presented by Ben Lukuyu, Stella Namazzi, Pius Lutakome and Emily Ouma at the Tropentag 2021―Towards shifting paradigms in agriculture for a healthy and sustainable future, 15-17 September 2021
Strengths of the CGIAR Antimicrobial Resistance HubILRI
Presentation by Arshnee Moodley at the International Vaccine Institute Africa Regional Antimicrobial Resistance Data Sharing and Analysis Virtual Workshop, 29 June 2021
Livestock in ASEAN countries: Animal and human health and value chainsILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet, Fred Unger and Delia Grace at a webinar on 'The future of farming: Opportunities for Irish agritech in Southeast Asia', 27 May 2021.
The critical crossroads of animal, human, and environmental health: Scaling u...ILRI
Presented by Mark Mitchell, Kristina Roesel, Bernard Bett, Lasha Avaliani, Bedasa Eba and Christine Jost at a Livestock and Livelihoods Webinar series, 21 September 2021
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in SADC Region ILRI
Presented by Amos Omore and Sikhalazo Dube at the Virtual Food Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANR) / International Cooperating Partner (ICP) Group Meeting on Agriculture and Food Security. Gaborone, Botswana, 7 October 2020.
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in East Africa focus on dairyILRI
Presentation by Amos Omore at a webinar held to highlight opportunities and initiatives for the development of sustainable dairy farm systems in East Africa 1 June 2021
Understanding perception and drivers to change food safety condition of pork ...ILRI
Poster by Hai Hoang Tuan Ngo, Phuc Pham-Duc, Luong Nguyen-Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Hung Pham-Van, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong, Huyen Nguyen-Thi-Thu, Delia Grace and Fred Unger presented at the virtual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week 2021, 29 June – 1 July 2021.
Participatory and quantitative systems modelling approach to animal health ec...ILRI
Presented by Kanar Dizyee to the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD) on the proposed Participatory and quantitative systems modelling approach, 15 February 2021.
Global Burden of Animal Diseases: Ethiopia case studyILRI
Presentation by Wudu Temesgen, Theo Knight-Jones, Wondwosen Awoke, Ben Huntington and Jonathan Rushton at the Global Burden of Animal Diseases Ethiopia case study inception workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18 March 2021.
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
Smallholder dairy development and environmental impacts in TanzaniaILRI
Presented by Birthe Paul, Beatus Nzogela, David Ngunga (Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT) at the Maziwa Zaidi stakeholder workshop on Environmental Management Opportunities for Dairy in Tanzania, Arusha, Tanzania, 16 December 2020
Production and delivery of thermotolerant vaccine against peste des petits ru...ILRI
Presentation by Michel Dione, Cheick Sidibe, Oumar Kantao, Iddo Dror and Abdou Fall at the Lessons in Working Towards Global Eradication of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
USAID Webinar, 2 December 2020.
Measuring and mitigating the risk of mycotoxins in maize and dairy products for poor consumers in Kenya, Johanna Lindahl (ILRI) and Alexia Pretari (IFPRI)
Shining a brighter light: Data-driven evidence on adoption and diffusion of a...Francois Stepman
Karen Macours, Chaired Paris School of Economics Professor, Research Director INRAE; Chair, SPIA (Standing Panel on Impact Assessment). WEBINAR: 21 January 2021. Shining a Brighter Light: Comprehensive Evidence on Adoption and Diffusion of CGIAR-Related Innovations in Ethiopia
ILRI research on foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance associated w...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Fred Unger, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel, Ram Pratim Deka, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Barbara Wieland and Hung Nguyen-Viet at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
Food safety performance in animal-source food value chainsILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Luong, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan and Delia Grace at the 1st International Conference on Veterinary and Animal Science - the role of veterinary science to cope with pandemics, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia, 20 October 2020.
Better lives through livestock: ILRI in East Africa focus on dairyILRI
Presentation by Amos Omore at a webinar held to highlight opportunities and initiatives for the development of sustainable dairy farm systems in East Africa 1 June 2021
Understanding perception and drivers to change food safety condition of pork ...ILRI
Poster by Hai Hoang Tuan Ngo, Phuc Pham-Duc, Luong Nguyen-Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Hung Pham-Van, Nga Nguyen-Thi-Duong, Huyen Nguyen-Thi-Thu, Delia Grace and Fred Unger presented at the virtual Agriculture, Nutrition and Health (ANH) Academy Week 2021, 29 June – 1 July 2021.
Participatory and quantitative systems modelling approach to animal health ec...ILRI
Presented by Kanar Dizyee to the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD) on the proposed Participatory and quantitative systems modelling approach, 15 February 2021.
Global Burden of Animal Diseases: Ethiopia case studyILRI
Presentation by Wudu Temesgen, Theo Knight-Jones, Wondwosen Awoke, Ben Huntington and Jonathan Rushton at the Global Burden of Animal Diseases Ethiopia case study inception workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 18 March 2021.
Zoonoses and food safety related activities in APHCA member statesILRI
Presented by Jeff Gilbert at the joint Animal Production and Health Commission for Asia and the Pacific (APHCA) - World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) regional workshop on zoonoses, food-borne diseases and antimicrobial resistance, Thimphu, Bhutan, 24-25 September 2013.
Smallholder dairy development and environmental impacts in TanzaniaILRI
Presented by Birthe Paul, Beatus Nzogela, David Ngunga (Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT) at the Maziwa Zaidi stakeholder workshop on Environmental Management Opportunities for Dairy in Tanzania, Arusha, Tanzania, 16 December 2020
Production and delivery of thermotolerant vaccine against peste des petits ru...ILRI
Presentation by Michel Dione, Cheick Sidibe, Oumar Kantao, Iddo Dror and Abdou Fall at the Lessons in Working Towards Global Eradication of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
USAID Webinar, 2 December 2020.
Measuring and mitigating the risk of mycotoxins in maize and dairy products for poor consumers in Kenya, Johanna Lindahl (ILRI) and Alexia Pretari (IFPRI)
Shining a brighter light: Data-driven evidence on adoption and diffusion of a...Francois Stepman
Karen Macours, Chaired Paris School of Economics Professor, Research Director INRAE; Chair, SPIA (Standing Panel on Impact Assessment). WEBINAR: 21 January 2021. Shining a Brighter Light: Comprehensive Evidence on Adoption and Diffusion of CGIAR-Related Innovations in Ethiopia
ILRI research on foodborne diseases and antimicrobial resistance associated w...ILRI
Presentation by Delia Grace, Florence Mutua, Fred Unger, Johanna Lindahl, Kristina Roesel, Ram Pratim Deka, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Barbara Wieland and Hung Nguyen-Viet at a regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
Food safety performance in animal-source food value chainsILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Phuc Pham-Duc, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Luong, Hai Ngo Hoang Tuan and Delia Grace at the 1st International Conference on Veterinary and Animal Science - the role of veterinary science to cope with pandemics, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang, Indonesia, 20 October 2020.
Technical and socio-cultural continuum in food safety management in informal ...ILRI
Presentation by Kebede Amenu, Silvia Alonso, Theodore Knight-Jones, Gemma Tacken and Delia Grace at the 2022 annual meeting of the International Association for Food Protection, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 31 July–3 August 2022.
Food safety in the pork value chain and pathways towards safer pork in VietnamILRI
Presentation by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Pham Duc Phuc, Sinh Dang Xuan, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Tuyet-Hanh Tran Thi, Kohei Makita and Delia Grace at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 13 November 2018.
Safer pork: From assessment to interventions targeting rural and urban pork s...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Pham Duc Phuc, Pham Van Hung, Huyen Le Thi Thanh, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Nguyen Thanh Luong, Kohei Makita, Sunghwan Kim, Barbara Häsler, Mat Hennessey, Courtney Peyton and Delia Grace at the regional symposium on research into smallholder pig production, health and pork safety, Hanoi, Vietnam, 27–29 March 2019.
Pork safety assessment and first results from pilot interventions targeting s...ILRI
Presented by Fred Unger at the Markets and Agricultures Linkages for Cities in Asia (MALICA) Annual Scientific Meeting 2019, Hanoi, Vietnam, 5 November 2019.
The Role of Risk Assessment in Food Safety SystemsUN SPHS
By Mr. Mohammed Alhuthiel, Director, Risk Assessment, Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) at the Global Forum 2020 Food Safety and Risk Assessment Session
Improving food safety along the pork value chain in Vietnam—PigRISKILRI
Poster by F. Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet, P.V. Hung, P.D. Phuc, S.D. Xuan, N.T.D. Nga, M.L. Lapar, P.H. Ngan and D. Grace presented at the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH) Vietnam partner day on sharing progress and planning ahead for collaborative research, Hanoi, Vietnam, 23 March 2018.
The future of food safety in Africa: Research perspectiveILRI
Keynote presentation by Delia Grace, Silvia Alonso, Kebede Amenu, Elizabeth Cook, Michel Dione, Theo Knight-Jones, Johanna Lindahl, Florence Mutua, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Kristina Roesel and Lian Thomas at the virtual Food Safety Conference for Africa, 10–11 November 2021.
Food safety control: Improving food safety in markets in CambodiaILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at a webinar on 'The enabling environment for animal-source food market systems: Lessons from the field', 12 November 2020.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Presentation by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 28–30 November 2023.
Small ruminant keepers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices towards peste des ...ILRI
Poster by Guy Ilboudo, Abel Sènabgè Biguezoton, Cheick Abou Kounta Sidibé, Modou Moustapha Lo, Zoë Campbell and Michel Dione presented at the 6th Peste des Petits Ruminants Global Research and Expertise Networks (PPR-GREN) annual meeting, Bengaluru, India, 29 November 2023.
A training, certification and marketing scheme for informal dairy vendors in ...ILRI
Presentation by Silvia Alonso, Jef L. Leroy, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas and Delia Grace at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Milk safety and child nutrition impacts of the MoreMilk training, certificati...ILRI
Poster by Silvia Alonso, Emmanuel Muunda, Moira Donahue Angel, Emily Kilonzi, Giordano Palloni, Gideon Kiarie, Paula Dominguez-Salas, Delia Grace and Jef L. Leroy presented at the Micronutrient Forum 6th Global Conference, The Hague, Netherlands, 16 October 2023.
Food safety research in low- and middle-income countriesILRI
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Presentation by Hung Nguyen-Viet at the first technical meeting to launch the Food Safety Working Group under the One Health Partnership framework, Hanoi, Vietnam, 28 September 2023
Reservoirs of pathogenic Leptospira species in UgandaILRI
Presentation by Lordrick Alinaitwe, Martin Wainaina, Salome Dürr, Clovice Kankya, Velma Kivali, James Bugeza, Martin Richter, Kristina Roesel, Annie Cook and Anne Mayer-Scholl at the University of Bern Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, 29 June 2023.
Assessing meat microbiological safety and associated handling practices in bu...ILRI
Presentation by Patricia Koech, Winnie Ogutu, Linnet Ochieng, Delia Grace, George Gitao, Lily Bebora, Max Korir, Florence Mutua and Arshnee Moodley at the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Ecological factors associated with abundance and distribution of mosquito vec...ILRI
Poster by Max Korir, Joel Lutomiah and Bernard Bett presented the 8th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture, Gaborone, Botswana, 26–29 September 2023.
Practices and drivers of antibiotic use in Kenyan smallholder dairy farmsILRI
Poster by Lydiah Kisoo, Dishon M. Muloi, Walter Oguta, Daisy Ronoh, Lynn Kirwa, James Akoko, Eric Fèvre, Arshnee Moodley and Lillian Wambua presented at Tropentag 2023, Berlin, Germany, 20–22 September 2023.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. Better lives through livestock
Urban food markets in Africa: Incentivizing food
safety – Project implementation update
Kebede Amenu, Coen van Wagenberg, Claudia Ganser, James Noah Ssemanda, Arie Havelaar,
Kristine Roesel, Biruk Alemu Gemeda, Lina Mego, Donya Madjdian, Theo Knight-Jones and the
project team
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation – UK Government Ethiopia food safety research projects
Stakeholder update workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20 May 2021
2. Project purpose
To help to sustainably reduce the burden
of foodborne disease
in Ethiopia (and Burkina Faso)
Assess if consumer demand for safer food
can be generated and used to drive
improvements in the safety of foods sold
in food markets
Combined with
building capacity of food chain actors and
regulators
Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp.
Salmonella spp. and enterotoxigenic E. coli
3. Pull approach (demand for safe food) Push approach (supply of safe food)
Reduced burden FBD, professionalizing
informal sector, appropriate governance
ENABLING
ENVIRONMENT
Consumers recognize &
demand safer food
VC actors respond to
demand & incentives
Inform, monitor &
legitimize VC actors
(Primary Outcome 2)
Build capacity &
motivation of regulators
(Primary Outcome 1)
Consumer campaign for
empowered consumers
(Primary Outcome 3)
Gather baseline information for detailed intervention planning and advocacy
Key
innovation
Pull-push approach
4. Project Working packages
• WP1: Estimating burden and cost of foodborne illness
• WP2: Understanding poultry meat and
vegetable value chains
• WP3: QMRA and cost-effectiveness analysis of candidate
interventions
• WP4: Build capacity and motivation of regulators to manage food
safety
• WP5: Empower value chain actors
to manage food safety
• WP6: Design and implement
a consumer campaign
• WP7: Impact assessment
5. WP1: Burden of disease
• Estimate burden of foodborne disease for Ethiopia and
Burkina Faso
– Permission to use Ethiopia data used for Global burden of FBD
FERG updated to 2017
• Pull-Push and TARTARE pathogen burden results out soon
5
6. WP1: Attribution
• Disease attribution to food
groups, food types and food
products
• e.g. Suggest abut half Ethiopia
NTS burden from chicken and
eggs
6
7. WP1 Cost-of-Illness
Salmonella, Campylobacter and ETEC
• Costs of illness for a patient collected
– patient records & interviews
• Combined with burden of disease to derive Cost-of-Illness
• Results expected in 2021
7
8. WP2: Understanding poultry meat and
vegetable value chains
1.SystematicLiteratureReview-FBDHazardsandburden (1990-2019)
• Gapsinfoodsafetyforthemajorfoodvaluechains
• Highlevelsofcontaminationwithbacterialandparasites
• PrevalenceofNTSinchickenmeatandcarcasses:8.3%-15.4% various
samples
• Campylobacter:16.7%and26.7%
• E.coli:20.0-52.4%indifferentvegetablessamples
• Salmonellainvegetables:4.8-30.0%
2.FoodsafetyinterventionsinAfricareview –ongoing
10. Some of the food safety problems
• Dirty wash water
• Muddy
environment
• Flies
• Veg often damaged
and dirty
• …
10
11. Quantitative Knowledge Attitudes Practices
survey
• Survey of 151 tomato retailers Harar and Dire Dawa
• Quantify marketing and hygienic practices and views on
food safety – early results
• 40% reported insufficient quantity of water, 15% poor water quality
• 40% lacked access to adequate toilets, with 30% not having soap
for handwashing
• 15% regularly washed tomatoes with dirty water
• 13% unaware of the importance of water quality and cleanliness
for food safety
11
12. Quantitative Knowledge Attitudes Practices
surveys
• Quarter reported that damaged produce and food waste
was a problem
– About 10% of tomatoes for sale had some damage, 5% moderate
to severely damaged
• Food loss plus microbial growth greatly increase if tomatoes are damaged
• Most retailers changed their washing and hygiene practices
in response to COVID (62%)
– But only 37% for vendors selling on the street
• Retailers showed variable interest in implementing simple
food safety interventions
12
13. Upcoming WP2 activities
- Food survey of pathogen (chicken carcass in home and tomatoes at
market) and pesticide prevalence (tomatoes, veg)
- Chicken and vegetable home consumption, food safety practices survey
14. WP3 – Quantitative Risk Assessment Tomatoes
• Assess tomato, flows,
quality and food loss
along the value chain
• Used as backbone for
Quantitative Microbial
Risk Assessment (QMRA)
model
• To estimate
contamination, risk and
used to assess
interventions
14
15. WP3: Poultry QMRA and CE
1. QMRA:
2. Cost effectiveness of food safety interventions
Salmonella spp.
Campylobacter spp.
Outputs
- Probability of getting sick
- Number of sick people per year
- List of interventions to reduce
food safety risks
Outputs
- List of feasible and affordable
interventions to reduce food
safety risks
15
17. WP6 Consumer communications campaign
• Campaign to generate consumer awareness of the importance of
buying safe foods
• Based on project findings and local and national stakeholder
consultation
• Agencies bid to run the campaign (variety of media, platforms
considered)
• Ethiopian campaign will promote the purchase of quality
vegetables, specifically clean, undamaged, intact tomatoes,
especially if used in salads
• Will also promote hygiene within the household particularly for
home slaughter and preparation of chicken
• Will consumer demand drive improved safety of foods in
markets?
17
18. WP4 Regulator training in food safety
ILRI developing part-time online course with RVC, London
– Will look for Gov nominations for participants soon
18
19. WP4 Regulator training in food safety
Module 1: Introduction [6 weeks] (initially run as a one week intro course)
Global food safety overview [1 week]
Food safety and sustainable development goals (SDGs) and other development considerations [1 week]
Global, regional and national food safety systems (including formal and informal systems) [1 week]
Food safety hazards and risks [2 week]
Food safety indices – e.g. Africa Food Safety index, DALYs, Cost of illness [1 week]
Module 2: Risk assessment [6 weeks]
Introduction to risk analysis; Risk assess; risk communication; risk management; history, development, utility [1 week]
Risk assessment frameworks-Codex, OIE, Quantitative microbial risk assessment; fault trees [1 week]
Qualitative risk assessment – focus on learning how to conduct one [2 week]
Quantitative, semi-quantitative risk assessment- focus on principles and interpreting [1 week]
Participatory risk assessment in practice, rapid risk appraisals – [1 weeks]
Module 3: Food safety management [6 weeks]
Assurance programmes; GHP, GMP, GAP [1 week]
HACCP and industry programmes; modified HACCP for informal sector and small and medium enterprises [1 week]
Food safety system performance [1 week]
Traceability and recall [1 week]
Food safety laws [1 week]
Surveillance [1 week]
ILRI developing part-time online course with RVC, London
– Will look for Gov nominations for participants soon
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20. WP5 Value chain actor support
• Retailer support (Ethiopia tomato)
• Basic food safety training
• Provide simple intervention
• Equipment for cleaning, keeping produce clean
• Sanitiser wash for foods or water purifier, filter
• Better packaging for reducing damage to tomatoes
• Other options?
• Also food safety training of local regulators
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21. • RQ: What is the combined impact of regulator trainings, VC
actors support (push), and a consumer campaign (pull) in
changing knowledge, attitudes & practices towards controlling
food safety risks for chicken meat and/or tomatoes
• Planned data collection: September 2021 – March 2022
• Study design: mixed-methods combining focus group
discussions with regulators, an RCT with VC actors and
consumer surveys (quasi-experimental), combined with
photovoice
WP7: Impact evaluation studies (KAP)
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23. Thank you!
Funders: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, UK aid from the UK Government and the
CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health
Ethiopia Consortium: ILRI, Addis Ababa University, Haramaya University, Wageningen ,
University of Florida, WorldVeg