Thyroid is the most well known endocrine gland, which has been identified since antiquity, especially by the more commonly known name, Goiter. Thus it has adorned some of paintings, art works and even writings.
Thyroid disorders are the most prevalent endocrine disorders known to mankind.
Understanding the entire history, evolutionary biology, embryological development, its role in psychiatry is crucial for its successful treatment.
With the development of Psychoneuroendocrinology we understand how a variety of psychobiological factors interact and result in illnesses and how a state of physiological wellness is so intimately connected with our emotional proclivities.
It refutes the mind/body dichotomy as it is never a mind OR body rather always a mind-body event, which is a fundamental teaching of Homoeopathy.
Some clinical tips on thyroid along with two case studies (one of hyperthyroidism and another of hypothyroidism) are added along with their reports.
Haemorrhoids are small, blood-filled swellings caused by dilated varicose veins. Initially, they are located just inside the anus (internal haemorrhoids) but can sometimes protrude (external haemorrhoids). Haemorrhoids are not dangerous.
Constipation and prolonged straining when using the toilet are thought to contribute to the formation of haemorrhoids by increasing the pressure in the veins.
What are the symptoms of haemorrhoids?
Haemorrhoids may be present for many years but remain undetected until symptoms appear. They can cause anal bleeding and itching and also pain and discomfort.
Normally, the bleeding is limited to small stains of fresh blood on the toilet paper, but more severe bleeding can sometimes be present when stools are passed.
A lump may also be felt in the anus and large haemorrhoids give a sensation that the bowel hasn't emptied completely.
If you observe blood in your stools, and have the symptoms mentioned above, you should visit your doctor for a check-up.
If haemorrhoids are present, the doctor will then perform an examination to find out if there are any other possible causes of the bleeding that may be more serious.
The doctor will feel the anal canal by digital rectal examination and may go on to inspect the mucous membrane of the rectum and lower part of the large intestine using an examination tube called a proctoscope or sigmoidoscope.
How are haemorrhoids treated?
Some haemorrhoids can get better without medical treatment. This can happen if they are caused by constipation. The doctor may recommend a change of diet with the addition of more fibre and roughage particularly green vegetables, fresh fruit, wholegrain cereals and bran. Drinking 8 to 10 glasses of fluid daily is advisable.
The person is also told to avoid straining when passing a bowel motion. Nobody should strain to push out a stool. The feet can be placed on a low foot stool to aid the bowel movement. Sitting in a shallow bath of hot water for 15 minutes several times a day, will reduce the pain.
In the case of a pile protruding from the back passage, which has become swollen and painful, a day's bed rest with an ice pack applied to the anal area should be helpful.
A pack of frozen peas wrapped in a tea towel is ideal for this purpose. Never allow the ice to come directly into contact with the skin and only use this treatment for 20 minutes in an hour for a limit of three hours a day.
Relatively minor haemorrhoids can be treated using creams available directly from your local pharmacy or on prescription. A few days' treatment is usually enough, and then the irritation will settle spontaneously.
More severe cases need to be treated by a specialist.
One possible treatment is rubber band ligation. Rubber band ligation can be performed in the doctor's surgery or outpatient clinic and does not require hospital admission.
The procedure involves placing a small rubber band at the base of the haemorrhoid with a special applicator. The rubber band
G I bleeding with radiological interventions(ACR Appropriateness Criteria).Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy,Catheter-directed Angiography,Pharmacological control,Embolization,Arterial interventions,Endoscopy,CT Angiography
Haemorrhoids are small, blood-filled swellings caused by dilated varicose veins. Initially, they are located just inside the anus (internal haemorrhoids) but can sometimes protrude (external haemorrhoids). Haemorrhoids are not dangerous.
Constipation and prolonged straining when using the toilet are thought to contribute to the formation of haemorrhoids by increasing the pressure in the veins.
What are the symptoms of haemorrhoids?
Haemorrhoids may be present for many years but remain undetected until symptoms appear. They can cause anal bleeding and itching and also pain and discomfort.
Normally, the bleeding is limited to small stains of fresh blood on the toilet paper, but more severe bleeding can sometimes be present when stools are passed.
A lump may also be felt in the anus and large haemorrhoids give a sensation that the bowel hasn't emptied completely.
If you observe blood in your stools, and have the symptoms mentioned above, you should visit your doctor for a check-up.
If haemorrhoids are present, the doctor will then perform an examination to find out if there are any other possible causes of the bleeding that may be more serious.
The doctor will feel the anal canal by digital rectal examination and may go on to inspect the mucous membrane of the rectum and lower part of the large intestine using an examination tube called a proctoscope or sigmoidoscope.
How are haemorrhoids treated?
Some haemorrhoids can get better without medical treatment. This can happen if they are caused by constipation. The doctor may recommend a change of diet with the addition of more fibre and roughage particularly green vegetables, fresh fruit, wholegrain cereals and bran. Drinking 8 to 10 glasses of fluid daily is advisable.
The person is also told to avoid straining when passing a bowel motion. Nobody should strain to push out a stool. The feet can be placed on a low foot stool to aid the bowel movement. Sitting in a shallow bath of hot water for 15 minutes several times a day, will reduce the pain.
In the case of a pile protruding from the back passage, which has become swollen and painful, a day's bed rest with an ice pack applied to the anal area should be helpful.
A pack of frozen peas wrapped in a tea towel is ideal for this purpose. Never allow the ice to come directly into contact with the skin and only use this treatment for 20 minutes in an hour for a limit of three hours a day.
Relatively minor haemorrhoids can be treated using creams available directly from your local pharmacy or on prescription. A few days' treatment is usually enough, and then the irritation will settle spontaneously.
More severe cases need to be treated by a specialist.
One possible treatment is rubber band ligation. Rubber band ligation can be performed in the doctor's surgery or outpatient clinic and does not require hospital admission.
The procedure involves placing a small rubber band at the base of the haemorrhoid with a special applicator. The rubber band
G I bleeding with radiological interventions(ACR Appropriateness Criteria).Tc-99m RBC scintigraphy,Catheter-directed Angiography,Pharmacological control,Embolization,Arterial interventions,Endoscopy,CT Angiography
basics about chronic liver disease for a pediatrician. fast and easy guide to common causes of chronic liver diseases in children
Please leave a comment if you like it..
A complete presentation on hypothroidism endocrine disorder based on latest editon of harrison and reference books. this presentation will help to learn about this second most common endocrine disorder.
OVARIAN APOLEXY, RUPTURE OF YELLOW BODY ,OVARY BLEEDING.BRINCELET M BIJU
Ovarian apoplexy means a sudden rupture in the ovary, commonly at the site of a cyst, accompanied by sudden hemorrhage in the ovarian tissue accompanying by the damage of its integrity and bleeding into abdominal cavity. Ovary rupture may occur in the different phase of menstrual cycle, but the most frequently it occurs in the second phase, thus it is often called “rupture of yellow body”. Other names are ovary hematoma, ovary bleeding, ovary rupture.
Among women operated for abdominal bleeding ovary rupture is revealed in 0.5 – 3% cases only. Among women operated for abdominal bleeding ovary rupture is revealed in 0.5 – 3% cases only.
Among women operated for abdominal bleeding ovary rupture is revealed in 0.5 – 3% cases only. Among women operated for abdominal bleeding ovary rupture is revealed in 0.5 – 3% cases only.
Probability of ovary bleeding is in the physiologic changes observed during menstrual cycle. The processes such as ovulation, intensive vascularization of yellow body, premenstrual ovary hyperemia may lead to forming hematoma, damaging tissue integrity and bleeding to abdominal cavity, its volume may be from 30 – 50ml to 2.0 – 3.0l.
ANEMIC FORM:-Anemic form of ovary rupture is like the clinic of the damaged ectopic pregnancy. Though lack of menstrual delay and other signs subjective and objective of pregnancy indicate the ovary apoplexy, differential diagnosis is needed. USD of pelvic organs is of great importance. It is reasonable to assess echography of the ovary damaged (dimensions, structure) taking into consideration the condition of the other ovary. For apoplexy the damaged ovary is usually of normal size or slightly increased. Liquid inclusion of hypoechogenous or heterogenic structure (yellow body) which diameter doesn’t exceed the size of preovulatory follicle and doesn’t lead to the ovary sizable change is appropriate to the ovary apoplexy. At the same time normal follicular system as liquid inclusions of 4–8 mm in diameter is observed. Depending on the amount of blood loss free liquid is discovered behind of uterus
PAINFUL FORM:-is observed in cases of hemorrhage into tissue of follicle or yellow body without bleeding or with slight bleeding into abdominal cavity.
The disease begins with acute pain at the lower abdomen which is accompanied by nausea and vomiting secondary to the normal body temperature. There are no signs of internal bleeding: color of skin and mucosa is normal, pulse and blood pressure are normal too. The tongue is wet and pure.
introduction, causes, risk factors, symptoms, examination, investigations and management of peripheral arterial disease.
how to assess the patient and what will be the complications of PAD, physiotherapy treatment for PAD
Hyperaldosteronism is a disorder in which the adrenal gland releases too much of the hormone aldosterone into the blood. Hyperaldosteronism can be primary or secondary.
Hypopituitarism is an uncommon health condition where the pituitary gland does not produce hormones or fails to do so in sufficient amounts. The pituitary is an important endocrine gland, located at the bottom of the brain, responsible for secretion of hormones that influence almost every body part. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
Thyroiditis is a general term that refers to “inflammation of the thyroid gland”. Thyroiditis includes a group of individual disorders causing thyroidal inflammation but presenting in different ways. For example, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States.
UNDERSTANDING THYROID & ITS DISORDERS PART 1 BY DR BASHIR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR...Prof Dr Bashir Ahmed Dar
The thyroid gland is the biggest gland in the neck. It is situated in the anterior part of the neck below the skin and muscle layers. The thyroid gland takes the shape of a butterfly with the two wings being represented by the left and right thyroid lobes which wrap around the trachea. The sole function of the thyroid is to make thyroid hormone. This hormone has an effect on nearly all tissues of the body where it increases cellular activity. The function of the thyroid, therefore, is to regulate the body's metabolism
Iodine and the Thyroid: How the thyroid uniquely adapts to its environment to...HealthXn
This presentation describes how the thyroid actively traps iodine, a rare micronutrient, to produce thyroid hormones. Iodine is important for normal fetal and adult development.
basics about chronic liver disease for a pediatrician. fast and easy guide to common causes of chronic liver diseases in children
Please leave a comment if you like it..
A complete presentation on hypothroidism endocrine disorder based on latest editon of harrison and reference books. this presentation will help to learn about this second most common endocrine disorder.
OVARIAN APOLEXY, RUPTURE OF YELLOW BODY ,OVARY BLEEDING.BRINCELET M BIJU
Ovarian apoplexy means a sudden rupture in the ovary, commonly at the site of a cyst, accompanied by sudden hemorrhage in the ovarian tissue accompanying by the damage of its integrity and bleeding into abdominal cavity. Ovary rupture may occur in the different phase of menstrual cycle, but the most frequently it occurs in the second phase, thus it is often called “rupture of yellow body”. Other names are ovary hematoma, ovary bleeding, ovary rupture.
Among women operated for abdominal bleeding ovary rupture is revealed in 0.5 – 3% cases only. Among women operated for abdominal bleeding ovary rupture is revealed in 0.5 – 3% cases only.
Among women operated for abdominal bleeding ovary rupture is revealed in 0.5 – 3% cases only. Among women operated for abdominal bleeding ovary rupture is revealed in 0.5 – 3% cases only.
Probability of ovary bleeding is in the physiologic changes observed during menstrual cycle. The processes such as ovulation, intensive vascularization of yellow body, premenstrual ovary hyperemia may lead to forming hematoma, damaging tissue integrity and bleeding to abdominal cavity, its volume may be from 30 – 50ml to 2.0 – 3.0l.
ANEMIC FORM:-Anemic form of ovary rupture is like the clinic of the damaged ectopic pregnancy. Though lack of menstrual delay and other signs subjective and objective of pregnancy indicate the ovary apoplexy, differential diagnosis is needed. USD of pelvic organs is of great importance. It is reasonable to assess echography of the ovary damaged (dimensions, structure) taking into consideration the condition of the other ovary. For apoplexy the damaged ovary is usually of normal size or slightly increased. Liquid inclusion of hypoechogenous or heterogenic structure (yellow body) which diameter doesn’t exceed the size of preovulatory follicle and doesn’t lead to the ovary sizable change is appropriate to the ovary apoplexy. At the same time normal follicular system as liquid inclusions of 4–8 mm in diameter is observed. Depending on the amount of blood loss free liquid is discovered behind of uterus
PAINFUL FORM:-is observed in cases of hemorrhage into tissue of follicle or yellow body without bleeding or with slight bleeding into abdominal cavity.
The disease begins with acute pain at the lower abdomen which is accompanied by nausea and vomiting secondary to the normal body temperature. There are no signs of internal bleeding: color of skin and mucosa is normal, pulse and blood pressure are normal too. The tongue is wet and pure.
introduction, causes, risk factors, symptoms, examination, investigations and management of peripheral arterial disease.
how to assess the patient and what will be the complications of PAD, physiotherapy treatment for PAD
Hyperaldosteronism is a disorder in which the adrenal gland releases too much of the hormone aldosterone into the blood. Hyperaldosteronism can be primary or secondary.
Hypopituitarism is an uncommon health condition where the pituitary gland does not produce hormones or fails to do so in sufficient amounts. The pituitary is an important endocrine gland, located at the bottom of the brain, responsible for secretion of hormones that influence almost every body part. To know more visit here: www.lazoi.com
Thyroiditis is a general term that refers to “inflammation of the thyroid gland”. Thyroiditis includes a group of individual disorders causing thyroidal inflammation but presenting in different ways. For example, Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States.
UNDERSTANDING THYROID & ITS DISORDERS PART 1 BY DR BASHIR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR...Prof Dr Bashir Ahmed Dar
The thyroid gland is the biggest gland in the neck. It is situated in the anterior part of the neck below the skin and muscle layers. The thyroid gland takes the shape of a butterfly with the two wings being represented by the left and right thyroid lobes which wrap around the trachea. The sole function of the thyroid is to make thyroid hormone. This hormone has an effect on nearly all tissues of the body where it increases cellular activity. The function of the thyroid, therefore, is to regulate the body's metabolism
Iodine and the Thyroid: How the thyroid uniquely adapts to its environment to...HealthXn
This presentation describes how the thyroid actively traps iodine, a rare micronutrient, to produce thyroid hormones. Iodine is important for normal fetal and adult development.
Barren Womb or Woman: Homeopathic Approach in Female InfertilityGyandas Wadhwani
Modern medicine with its reductionist approach always views the presentation of infertility as a disease for the specialists viz. in this case gynaecologists (or sometimes endocrinologists) or those expert physicians who see more and more of less and less!!!
Homoeopathic physicians on the other hand, moving against the current of dominant medicine, identify that the ‘being of a woman’ can’t be restricted to her genitilia alone. So we perceive the entire personality that defines and typifies her being.
Thus, Homoeopathic physicians, moving against the current of dominant medicine, following the wholistic view of life TREAT THE BARREN (INFERTILE) WOMAN, NOT the barren womb!
Besides two case studies with prescribing methodology, also find a compilation of clinical tips from James Tyler Kent on female infertility.
Any diseased condition of the myocardium which leads to cardiac failure is known as cardiomyopathy. A longitudinal case study of biventricular non-compaction, treated with constitutional homeopathic medicines over four years is shared. Consideration of miasms, importance of intra-uterine history and various avenues of homeopathic prescribing in cardiac conditions are explained. Prescribing clues of the homeopathic remedy Pneumococcin are also shared.
Taking the patient's history is traditionally the first step in virtually every clinical encounter. A thorough neurologic history allows the clinician to define the patient's problem and, along with the result of physical examination, assists in formulating an etiologic and/or pathologic diagnosis
Homoeopathy is a science and this presentation explores the methodology behind understanding, analysing the disease and prescribing medicine to the patient. It defines the key milestones that if followed diligently by any physician can help him end up with a remedy which may prove out to be a panacea for all patient complaints.
HYPERTHYROIDISM PART-2 BY DR BASHIR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MEDICINE SOPORE KASHMIRProf Dr Bashir Ahmed Dar
Read hyperthyroidism part-1 and part-2 for better understanding of the subject.Consulted many books and available litrature on the subject
brought their points together to produce precise simple easy to understand slide presentation.Thankful to all these masters.If you need a copy to download just message me on the email drbashir123@gmail.com.Your comments on the site is highly appreciable and welcome, gives me some feedback to improve my work in future
Dr. John Parker: The Lentegeur Spring: recovery and hope in a psychiatric ins...SACAP
The purpose of the Lentegeur Spring Foundation is to bring alive this beautiful name, helping
the hospital to evolve into a place that gives birth to hope through re-connection in every
possible way!
This presentation about thyroid gland :
- Anatomy of thyroid gland
- Physiology of thyroid gland
- Pathology of thyroid gland
- Treatment and prevention of thyroid disease
Similar to Thyroid, Its Disorders & The Homoeopathic Treatment (15)
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
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Thyroid, Its Disorders & The Homoeopathic Treatment
1. THYROID, ITS DISORDERS & THE
HOMOEOPATHIC TREATMENT
Gyandas G. Wadhwani, MD (Hom)
Chief Medical Officer (Homoeopathy), Directorate of ISM& Homoeopathy,;
Senior Lecturer (Organon of Medicine & Homoeopathic Philosophy), Dr B. R. Sur
Homoeopathic Medical College, Hospital& Research Centre, Govt of NCT of Delhi.
Email: homoeopathygyan@gmail.com
2. Based on the paper titled ‘THE WANING
AEGIS OF ‘THE SHIELD’ & ITS
RESTORATION WITH HOMOEOPATHY’
presented in National Homoeopathic
Conference, Kent Memorial Lectures 2012
3. I saw a woman
wearing a sweatshirt
with 'Guess' on it. I
said, 'Thyroid problem?
Arnold Schwarznegger
4. Who is amazed at a
swollen neck in the
Alps?
Juvenal
Roman Satirist, 127 AD
5. Thyroid disease
• Most prevalent endocrine disorder known to
mankind
• Annual health care cost of this disease
exceeds 50 billion US$ worldwide
• By the age 50, 10% of women have abnormal
TSH
• By the age 60, 17% women and 9% men
affected
6. Thyroid- Etymology and History
• The word Thyroid is derived from Ancient
Greek word ‘thyreoiedes’ (meaning ‘oblong door
shaped shield’), which was made up of two
words ‘thyreos’ (meaning ‘shield’- ‘Thureos’ was a
kind of shield used by heavily armed Greek soldiers;
another Greek word ‘thyra’ means ‘door’) and
‘eides’ (meaning ‘form or shape’).
• Its long history is inseparable from that of goitre (in
Latin ‘guttur’ means ‘throat’), which is known to
have been recognised since 2700 BC.
7. Thyroid- Etymology and History
• Goiter was also known by a synonym Bronchocele
• Ancient latin word Struma probably originally
described inflammed Lymph Nodes in the neck but
later denotes (and still does) the Thyroid Gland.
• A major confusion surrounded scrofula and goiter.
• Confounding thyroid gland and goiter continued till
almost the beginning of 20th century.
8. Thyroid- Etymology and History
• It was mentioned in Hindu holy texts in 300 BC.
• Claudius Galenus first used the term
‘thyreoiedes’ for shield-shaped cartilage in
order to describe the “Adam’s apple” in the
throat.
• In 1656, Thomas Wharton used the term
“thyroid gland” because of shield-
shaped cartilage upon which the gland rests in
his Adenographia.
• It was Albrecht von Haller, who in 1776
classified Thyroid as a ductless gland.
10. Thyroid, Art & Literature
Faith, sir, you need not fear. When we were
boys,
Who would believe that there were
mountaineers
Dew-lapp’d like bulls, whose throats had
hanging at ’
Wallets of flesh?
William Shakespeare ‘The Tempest’,
Gonzalo, Act 3, Scene III
11. Thyroid, Art & Literature
Scaramuccia: Leonardo Da Vinci
12. Thyroid: Evolutionary Biology
• Morphological studies have shown that the
thyroid apparatus from the earliest period of
its evolutionary history has been an essential
part of the digestive tract (Marine) and so
intimately related with the genital organs as at
one time to have formed an integral part of
them (Gaskell).
13. Thyroid: Evolutionary Biology
..In the lowest vertebrates and in the homologous
tissues of the higher invertebrates the fractions of the
thyroid are intimately connected with the ducts of
the sexual organs. They are indeed accessory sexual
organs, uterine glands, satellites of the sex process.
From Petromyzon (lamprey) upward their
relationship is lost. The thyroid migrates more and
more to the head region to become the great link
between sex and brain….
Dr. Louis Berman
The Glands Regulating Personality:
A Study of the Glands of Internal Secretion in Relation to the Types of Human Nature
14. Thyroid: Embryological development
• Thyroid is almost the first organ to become distinct in
the human embryo:by 3-4 weeks of gestation,
appearing as an epithelial proliferation in the floor of
the pharynx.
• The growing foetus starts making its own thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH) by eighth week and
• Follicles of the thyroid begin to make colloid in the by
10th week of gestation and thus contribute in
development of physical and neurological features.
15. Thyroid: Embryological development
• It is interesting to note that thyroid gland
arises in the embryo from the same tissue and
almost the same spot as does the anterior
lobe of the pituitary body- the thyroid is an
outgrowth from the endoderm in ventral
midline and anterior pituitary is an outgrowth
of the ectoderm in dorsal midline.
16. Thyroid: Basic functioning
• Thyroid is an energy gland, and its secretion is
the controller of the speed of living.
• Without thyroid secretion the output of large
and rapid fluctuations of energy, and the
elasticity and flexibility of energy mobilization
for any sudden muscular act, let alone an
emergency, would be quite impossible.
17.
18. Thyroid: Basic functioning
• It is heavier in the female than in the male,
and becomes enlarged during sexual
excitement, menstruation, and pregnancy.
19. Thyroid and Pituitary
• The anterior lobe of the pituitary body has
been called the gland of intellectuality,
meaning the capacity of the mind to control
its environment by means of concepts and
abstract ideas.
20. Thyroid and Pituitary
• The secretion of thyroid on the other hand is as
necessary for the proper mental activity and
reproduction of species. Without this, there can be
no complexity of thought, no learning, no education,
no habit formation, no responsive energy to meet
situations, as well as no development of faculty and
physical function; also no reproduction of any kind,
with no sign of adolescence at the proper age, and
no exhibition of sex tendencies thereafter.
21. Thyroid and Pituitary
• The thyroid facilitates energy production, the
pituitary its consumption.
• The pituitary stimulates the brain cells more
directly.
• Thyroid controls the mental development and
is the great link between the brain and the
organs of generation.
22. …Only 3½ grains of Thyroid
secretion stands between
intelligence and idiocy….
23. Thyroid & Psychiatry
• ….Highlighting about “Thyroid Function in
Psychiatric Disorders,” David O’Connor, Harry
Gwirtsman, and Peter T. Loosen tell us that the
prevalence of one or more thyroid abnormalities
in acutely hospitalized psychiatric patients ranges
from 6% to 49%. ….
24. Thyroid & Psychiatry
• … The most common thyroid abnormality among
these patients is the euthyroid sick syndrome,
which has been observed in both depression and
schizophrenia. Of note, this disorder often
normalizes upon symptom resolution. Thus, they
stress the importance of interpreting thyroid
function tests with caution in newly hospitalized
or acutely ill patients…
25. Thyroid & Psychiatry
• Disturbances of thyroid function are common in
eating disorders and occur at twice the rate of the
healthy population.
• In anorexia nervosa, for example, patients may
often have signs and symptoms consistent with
hypothyroidism including bradycardia, slowed
deep tendon reflexes, and constipation.
26. Thyroid & Psychiatry
• In some cases, savvy patients with anorexia nervosa may
abuse prescription or over-the-counter thyroid
supplements with the aim of inducing a hypermetabolic
state and subsequent weight loss.
• A potentially confounding situation may arise when a
patient with anorexia nervosa also has hyperthyroidism
(i.e., Graves’ disease) wherein the hypermetabolic state
of Graves’ disease may mask the hypometabolic state
often seen in anorexia nervosa!
27. Thyroid & Criminology
• It has been hinted by a study that the
prisoners in San Quentin convicted of murder
have abnormal thyroid glands
(blog.modernmechanix.com/crooks-cured-by-
surgeons-knife/). Dr. Ralph Arthur Reynolds,
San Francisco physician, in cooperation with
Dr. Leo Stanley, resident prison physician,
stated following a two months' first hand
study of the prison's inmates three facts:
28. Thyroid & Criminology
…..That every murderer, potential and actual, exhibits
over-secretion of the thyroid gland; that a murderer
exhibits under-secretion of the pituitary gland, and
that every social misfit displays mal-secretion of
some gland.
The thyroid group was divided into three classes:
“First, those having a ‘hyper plasia,’ or overgrowth.
“The second class consisted of those having
tumorous or lumpy growths .. within the thyroid
gland, known as ‘adenoma.’ ” In the third group were
gathered those with ‘colloid goiter’….
29. Thyroid & Criminology
…. On referring to the records of the crimes
committed by these men, approximately
seventy percent of the cases those in
classifications one and two had committed
Crimes of violence; that is, murder, assault
with intent to kill, manslaughter, or
manslaughter from reckless driving, impulsive
action….
30. Thyroid & Criminology
…The doctor told of one youthful slayer who for no
apparent reason attacked other prisoners with
anything he could lay his hands on and as a
consequence had spent one hundred and eighty days
in the dungeon. The youth had an abnormal thyroid
gland, said Dr. Reynolds, upon which "we operated
and reduced to what we thought normality. Today
that prisoner is entirely tractable." The results, he
said, were surprising in sixty other cases personally
treated….
31. …It has been shown that a greater number of
convicts are mentally and morally sub-normal
(deficiency of thyroid secretion). Crimes of
passion can be traced in no small part to
disturbances of the thyroid. A psychological
examiner of a Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) court,
interested in this subject, has found enlarged
thyroid in over ninety per cent of delinquent
girls…
L. Grimberg
‘Emotion and Delinquency: A Clinical Study of Five
Hundred Criminals in the Making.’
33. Thyroid disorders
• Thyroid disorder is a general term
representing several different diseases
involving thyroid hormones and the thyroid
gland.
• Thyroid disorders are commonly separated
into two major categories, hyperthyroidism
and hypothyroidism, depending on whether
serum thyroid hormone levels (T4 and T3) are
increased or decreased, respectively.
34.
35. Thyroid disorders
• Patients often present with a myriad of clinical
manifestations;
• In particular, the elderly may not associate the
signs and symptoms with a disease process
and thus may not bring them to the attention
of their primary care provider.
36. Thyroid disorders
• Dysfunctions in the thyroid can have a major
effect on a person's wellbeing even with a
mild or subclinical disorder.
• Both subclinical hypothyroidism and
subclinical hyperthyroidism may not really be
"subclinical" in the sense that the effects on
the person's health may be profound.
37. Thyroid disorders
• The most common complications that can
arise from untreated thyroid disease include
– Dyslipidemia and subsequent heart disease,
– Infertility,
– muscle weakness, and
– Osteoporosis etc.
39. Biomedical approach
• The Biomedical model of health governed the
thinking of most medical practitioners for the
past 300 years.
• It maintained that all illnesses can be
explained on the basis of aberrant somatic
bodily processes such as biochemical
imbalances and/ or neurophysiological
abnormalities.
40. Biomedical approach
• Over a period of time several shortcomings of
this model were noted the most important
being the difficulty in accounting for why a
particular set of somatic conditions need not
invariably lead to illness.
• Also the treatment outcomes which are
substantially modified by the psychological
and social factors could not be explained by
this model.
41. Psychoneuroendocrinology (PNE)
• The field of psychoneuroendocrinology came about
as research in the first half of the 20th century
showed a clear linkage between hormones and
brain function.
• In the early 1900s, Walter Bradford Cannon
postulated that strong emotions influenced
physiology through the “sympathico-adrenal
medullary system” and described the fight or flight
response. Cannon hypothesized that physical and
psychological stressors could disturb homeostasis, a
term he coined.
42. PNE
• In the late 1940s, Geoffrey W. Harris provided
evidence that factors released into portal
blood from the hypothalamus exerted control
over pituitary secretion.
• Later, Hans Selye examined the effects of
various stressors on the anterior pituitary
and adrenal cortex.
43. PNE
• PNE deals with the interrelated disciplines of
psychology, neurobiology, endocrinology,
immunology, neurology, and psychiatry, with
an emphasis on multidisciplinary studies
aiming at integrating these disciplines in terms
of either basic research or clinical
implications.
44. PNE
• One of the main goals is to understand how a
variety of psychobiological factors interact in
the expression of the stress response as it
relates to the development and/or
maintenance of neuropsychiatric illnesses and
how a holistic understanding of the person is
the need of the hour.
45. Biopsychosocial model of health
• Medical researchers have consequently
recommended the Biopsychosocial model.
This model maintains that the health and
illness are caused by multiple factors and
produce multiple effects. Also it recognises
that mind and body can’t be distinguished in
matters of health and illness because both
clearly influence an individual’s state of being.
46. Biopsychosocial model of health
• The process of diagnosis hence, should always
consider the interacting role of biological,
psychological and social factors in assessing
the health or illness. The recommendations
for treatment should also consequently
involve all the three set of factors and the
therapy should be targeted to the unique
individual considering him as a ‘whole unit’
and help in dealing with multiple problems
simultaneously.
48. Homoeopathic restoration…
• PNE & new model of health establish the real
psycho-neuro-endocrino-somatic connection, and
establishes how a state of physiological wellness is
so intimately connected with our emotional
proclivities.
• It refutes the mind/body dichotomy as it is never a
mind OR body rather always a mind/body event,
which is a fundamental teaching of Homoeopathy as
given in ‘Organon of the Art of Healing’.
49. Organon of Healing Art § 210
‘….. since in all other so-called corporeal
diseases the condition of the disposition and
mind is always altered; and in all cases of
disease we are called on to cure the state of
the patient's disposition is to be particularly
noted, along with the totality of the
symptoms, if we would trace an accurate
picture of the disease, in order to be able
therefrom to treat it homeopathically with
success…’
50. Organon of Healing Art § 5
• “Useful to the physician in assisting him to
cure are ….. the most significant points in the
whole history of the chronic disease, to enable
him to discover its fundamental cause, which
is generally due to a chronic miasm. In these
investigations, the ascertainable physical
constitution of the patient …, his moral and
intellectual character, his occupation, mode of
living and habits, his social and domestic
relations, his age, sexual function, etc., are to
be taken into consideration.”
51. Since homeopathy embraces this wide
semiological approach as inherent
practice, using the patho-biographical
totality of characteristic symptoms to
evaluate organic imbalance in each
individual and prescribes suitable
tailor-made treatment, homeopathic
takes a precedence of the
conventional medical approach by
two centuries!
53. …At the risk of repeating a truism must
begin our brief consideration of the
homœopathic equivalents of
endocrinological remedies with the
statement that the most active force for
the restoration of normal balance between
the endocrine glands is the homœopathic
similimum, whatever that may be, whether
or no it has ever before been connected
with gland function…
Elizabeth Wright Hubbard
54. THERAPEUTIC HINTS
• Exopthalmic Goiter, History Of Tuberculosis:
DROSERA
• Pathological concomitants
– Intestinal cancer accompanied by toxic goiter:
CADMIUM MET
– Asthma with Goiter: SPONGIA
55. Homoeopathic Gems from Calvin
B. Knerr’s Repertory Of Hering’s
Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia
Medica
Chapter 31: NECK AND BACK;
GOITER, NECK:
56. SPONGIA TOSTA
• ││ causes asthma
• │moving sensation on swallowing
• │pain on swallowing
• │vascular
• │in inhabitants of valleys
• ││marked hardness
• ││ Constantly increasing, becoming fuller,
with slight pain and tenderness on handling,
every time she has a cold
57. • ││ large, irregular,
• │knotty
• ││ lumpy
• ││ soft, located esp. in left of thyroid body
• ││tender
• ││sensation like distension
• π stinging on swallowing
• stitches
58. IODUM
• │sensation of constriction
• │hard
• │marked hardness
• │ hypertrophy of two lobes, tumour
becoming more swollen and painful at each
return of menses
• │ Gradual increase in size,esp right side, soft
and without any fluctuation
59. • │non- lobulated tumour in anterior and
median portion as large as a child’s head
,rosy –red, heavy in weight and soft
• │nodulated
• │painless, well marked
• │soft and recent
• │with vertigo
• In scrofulosis
60. CALCAREA CARB
• │with otorrhoea
• │soft reddish, indolent, moveable, transverse
with bluish veins
• │of thirty six years’ standing, commencing at
thirteen years
61. CALCAREA FLUOR
• │ small ones (improved)
BROMIUM
• │size of a hen’s egg
MERCURIUS
• becomes softened
62. LYCOPODIUM
• │on right side
• │on right side,tense, smooth, shining
appearance, with feeling of constriction in
tumour , as if held in some unyielding
envelope, while not very large
65. NATRUM CARB
• │pressing pain
NATRUM PHOSPHORICUM
• │ in thirteen cases, the pressure was relieved
in three to five days, in some cases a cure
was affected
66. SULPHUR
• ││large, interfered with respiration , caused
oppression when ascending heights or walking
quickly
RHUS TOXICODENDRON
• ││due to tonic spasm of cervical muscles
after falling downstairs
67. MY CLINICAL EXPERIENCES:
I SHARE A CASE OF
HYPERTHYROIDISM (GRAVES
DISEASE) AND A CASE OF
HYPOTHYROIDISM CURED BY
HOMOEOPATHY…. THEY DO NOT
NEED LIFELONG MEDICATION!
68. Case NO 1: GRAVES DISEASE
Mrs. S., 30 years old female,
consulted us on 15th Sept ,2011.
On observation she had brown
asymmetrical and protruding eyes
(right being larger), dark hair,
average height and thin built and
an angle below glabella.
Involuntary sighing frequently.
69. Presenting complaint
• On noticing asymmetrical eyes
the same year, she got her
thyroid profiling done on 28th july,
2011 which showed that she was
suffering with thyroid
hyperfunction (graves disease).
70.
71. • Post marriage , she also developed
tendency for headache which when
severe was associated with nausea.
• It was located esp. on top of head , was
< ODOURS, STRESS- e.g. if someone
passed a comment or when work was
not completed on time, > by deep sleep.
–She used to take tab naxdom and
combiflam for it.
72. • She also developed pain in lumbar
region (bilateral) just 5-6 days after
marriage.
• All investigations for the pain (X-ray
and MRI) were WNL.
• The pain still persists and is <
standing for long time ; exertion;
lack of sleep
73. • She had suffered with frequent
episodes of being unable to breathe
easily. The checkups frequently
revealed low B.P. The local physician
had recommended ‘deriphyllin’ for
that.
74. • She also had photosensitive skin in
consequence of which she
developed itching eruptions in sun
exposed areas.
• Also, felt heaviness in abdomen with
uncomfortable feeling post siesta.
75. Past illnesses
• Mumps in early school time
• Pain abdomen during school life
• Left ear surgery in class xth
for
congenital perforation
• Had had pulmonary koch’s in
2003-04. took complete ATT
76. • She also developed inability to
hold her neck with falling to a
side in Feb 2009 for which she
underwent all investigations and
took treatment from Vimhans .
• This was more marked when she
was emotionally upset or hurt
79. • Paternal grandfather: Heart
problem
• Paternal grandmother(died in 2005)
D.M. Heart trouble
• Maternal grandmother: D.M.
Urolithiasis, Cholelithiasis
Family history
80. GYNAE AND OBS HISTORY
• Menarche: class V (11 yrs)
• Cycle had always been regular: 4-
5/ 29-30
• She had pain during menses > hot
fermentation; she occasionally
took crocin pain relief
81. • She got married in 2006
• Had a son in 2008; FTNVD with
episiotomy
• No history of abortion/
miscarriage
GYNAE AND OBS HISTORY
83. Generalities
• Appetite: Irregular meal timings post
marriage
• Thirst was increased from last 4 days
since she was feeling short of breath ;
desired cold water
• Sleep: Slept on sides, esp right ; in dark ;
could not sleep alone
• Dreams: Had many dreams
unremembered
84. • Desired non-veg +++ earlier esp.
MUTTON (decreased frequency now
as she prayed regularly); Developed
liking for sweets since pregnancy
which persists even now; always
preferred spicy food ; curd
• Aversion: fruits +++
Generalities
85. • Bowels: every evening,
sometimes even skipped days ;
mostly hard stool requiring
straining; post episiotomy
developed hard stool which were
painful sometimes
• Urine: Had U.T.I. many times
during pregnancy
Generalities
86. • Perspiration: not much
• T/R: She could not tolerate
extremes of temperatures
although preferred cold weather
Generalities
87. • Born in a middle class family, eldest of 4
sisters. Used to help in all household
chores. Cares for all her younger sisters.
• Father mostly on tours. Brought up by
mother who has always been moody and
temperamental especially when husband
was touring. Lots of cursing and swearing
about there being 4 daughters. Felt
unhappy and looked forward for father’s
return as he was very nice when around.
Life and circumstances
88. • Married to a Govt servant after her studies.
• Conflict with MIL and unmarried SIL. Husband’s
younger brother was alcoholic and divorcee. Since
FIL was not there, her husband had numerous
responsibilities and could not move away.
• So, three women vying for the attention of her
husband!!
• Since last two years shuttling between staying at her
parent’s place and sometimes staying at her
husband’s.
• At times husband also moves in with her.
Life and circumstances
89. • Mother passes numerous comments at
her and her husband, yet she stays!
• Does not want to go back yet not happy
staying with her mother as well.
• If MIL is unwell she always goes back
and ensures that she is taken care off.
Once well, the bickering starts again.
• Believes things may improve if SIL is
married off.
Life and circumstances
90. Mind and disposition
• She desired to be alone
• Longs for time to spend with her husband,
but always ends up fighting and screaming
at him when around (for no reason).
• Though takes good care of her son, when
upset beats him and then repents.
• Irritable, short tempered
• Oversensitive
• Irresolute and impatient
91. GPE
• Weight 55 kgs
• BP 110/72 mmHg
• Pulse: 94/min
• Lid lag sign –ve
• O/E: tender LS junction
92. Investigations
• 15/2/10 : CECT Head –
Hypodense (?) lesion in right
frontal region
29/7/11 : NCCT Orbits- WNL
93.
94. Questions for the audience
• Is the case taking complete or is something
missing?
• Which is the book required for prescription?
• Is there a need for repertorisation?
• How do we frame the totality of symptoms?
• What is the remedy to prescribe?
• Which potency and remedy repetition?
95. Framing the totality of symptoms
• Irresolute, impatient, irritable, short tempered
• Contradictory
• Desires alone
• Aversion to fruits
• Desires non-veg especially mutton
• Involuntary sighing
96. Ignatia amara
• Inconstant, impatient, irresolute, quarrelsome.
• Amiable in disposition if feeling well, but easily
disturbed by very slight emotion; easily offended.
• The slightest fault finding or contradiction excites
anger, and this makes him angry with himself.
• The remedy of great contradictions
• Especially suited to nervous temperament;
women of a sensitive, easily excited nature;
97. Ignatia amara
• Desires improper things, and cries aloud when they
are refused,…
• Extremely morose, finds fault, and makes
reproaches.
• Pressure in the right eye from within outward; it
seems as though the eyeball was protruding from the
orbit (fifth day)
• Great weakness of the whole body; on waking it
seems as though his breath would fail,
99. Follow up
• 5-10-11
• Occasionally feels the need to take a deep
breath (on own)
• Bowels: daily (first time in her life)
• Backache and headaches better
• Rx
• Ignatia amara LM2 OD
100. Follow up
• 30-10-11
• Feels much better
• No episode of breathlessness in between
• Bowels regular
• Pains and aches better
• Very happy with her serological report dated
29-10-11
• Weight 56 kgs
101.
102.
103.
104. Follow up
• She continued to improve in her symptoms
• She also moved back with her inlaws in the
month of March and was maintaining a
dignified silence without getting very worked
up.
• Had gained about 5 kgs of weight by May-June
2012
• By May her eyes had also become nearly
normal.
• TSH report normalised by 29-5-12. Thyroid
antibodies normalised by 29-6-12.
105.
106.
107. Case 2: HYPOTHYROIDISM
• Mrs. A. , 35 years old consulted first on
29th march 2003.
• O/O she was tall, heavy built, having
brown eyes, colored hair, gap in upper
central incisors, saddle shaped knobby
nose with a horizontal linear mark,
bunions on feet, bright nail paints.
108. Presenting complaints
• She was a K/C/O hypothyroidism since 1985
• Intervertebral disc prolapse since school
time
• K/C/O migraine since college time
• Hoarse voice
• B/L Varicose veins in lower limb
• Melasma
• Constipation
109. HOPC
• In 1985, she developed weight gain,
low mood, low feeling, hair loss with
trembling of hands.
• She got her T.S.H. levels done for the
first time on the recommendation of
her family physician, which were 125
• Since then she has been on Eltroxin
110. • When in class IXth during kickboxing, she
fell on her back, hurting it and as a result.
• MRI revelaed IVDP
• The pain is more in left lumbar region , left
hip and left lower limb
• It aggravates on lying down and is better
by walking
• Has been taking numerous pain killers
HOPC
111. • K/C/O Migraine since college
time.
• < left side.
• Pain used to start around 3-4
A.M. and aggravate.
• Sometimes > vomiting
• Popped pain-killers like toffee!
HOPC
112. • Has varicose veins since?: feels
legs cannot take up her weight
• Also, has pain in b/l feet with
numerous planter warts, bunions
which started from right foot and
then came on to left foot.
• Developed melasma during 2nd
pregnancy.
HOPC
113. Past illnesses
Chicken pox in class 2nd
Malaria 4-5 times after she was
10 years old
Typhoid in first pregnancy
Recurring U.T.I. post marriage
118. Generalities
• Appetite: feels like eating
whenever she is depressed; does
not feel hungry when is in good
mood; during school time she
used to throw away her food due
to fear of getting rebuked by her
mother
119. • Thirst : poor
• Desires : Hot food ; green chillies ; water
melon (as a child)
• Aversion : milk 3+
• Sleep : better when goes to mother’s
place ; cannot sleep on back (post
trauma)
• Dreams : of fire ; explosion ; sometimes
make no sense
Generalities
120. • Bowels: she has always had a
tendency for constipation; would go
once in 2-3 days- no urge the other
days though she felt heaviness in
abdomen. Kayam churna, trifala,
isabgol and all other dulcolax etchad
failed to improve.
• T/R: Always been chilly +++
Generalities
121. Life and circumstances
She had a troubled and insecure
childhood as her father was an alcoholic
and a drug addict. Saw her parents
frequently quarreling.
Her mother was a very bossy and stern
woman who enforced lots of do’s and
dont’s for her children particularly about
timings and relations as she grew up.
122. Grew up as a headstrong and defiant
child who would do contrary to what was
told to her (by her mother).
In class 8th she got infatuated with a
middle aged man and developed sexual
relations with him. She also bunked her
school many-a-times to have sex with
him. This continued until she was in class
10th / 11th when she developed intense
guilt of doing wrong.
Life and circumstances
123. She said that as her mother did not
allow her to talk to boys, she did this
in revolt but later became hooked on
to it.
Some time later, one of her
classmates became her boyfriend
and she confided in him. (She is
today married to him)
Life and circumstances
124. After marriage there were many fights
and troubles as she had married
against the wishes of her family. But
the insecurities continued as her
husband was also not working. They
got financial help from her father-in-
law as he was extremely well-off.
Life and circumstances
125. She undertook teaching as a
profession for her (out of defiance
and) self respect and satisfaction.
Although there was no issue of
money but the insecurities continue.
Also worries about her own mother
and other family.
Life and circumstances
126. Frequent arguments with husband.
Also now that her daughter is growing
up she is haunted by the fear of her
past!
Her son is also mildy dyslexic and
concern about him.
Also worries how her children would
react to their father being at home all
the time.
Life and circumstances
127. • Domineering, haughty, proud
• Defiant
• Short tempered and strict
• Aggressive, must be followed..
• Emotional and caring
• Poor in arithmetic calculations
• Poor concentration in reading!!
• Gloomy at times and then sits alone
Mind and disposition
128. GPE
• Weight 84 kgs
• BP 140/94 mmHg
• Pulse: 82/min
• O/E: tender LS spine
130. Questions for the audience
• Is the case taking complete or is something
missing?
• Which is the book required for prescription?
• Is there a need for repertorisation?
• How do we frame the totality of symptoms?
• What is the remedy to prescribe?
• Which potency and remedy repetition?
131. Framing the totality of symptoms
• Haughty
• Domineering
• Chilly
• Inability to concentrate or study
• Backache
• Sexuality
132. Guess the remedy
• Feeling that she ought to be reverenced by all
around her and have great respect paid to her
opinions.
• Impatient..
• Angry, nothing suits him.
• Gloomy…. Discontented all day.
• Sexual desire increased.
133. Guess the remedy
• Wishes to be alone, unable to settle mind on
study.
• No desire to study or read in evening.
• Inability to read or study ; Inability to
concentrate thoughts, with restlessness and
discontentment.
• Forgetful agg. words when talking ; Forgetful
of what he reads.
134. Guess the remedy
• Irritable and chilly. Hammering headache, < l.
temple. (Boger)
• Small of back feels as if it would break.
(Hering, Allen etc.)
136. Follow up
• The first thing to improve was her constipation. Over
a period of 3-4 months, her bowels became regular
and are so till date.
• Her back also improved.. She now can sit on floor,
jump around (against my advise!) and can enjoy life
without lumbar belt… all of thin in a span of two
years.
• For last 5-6 years her thyroid reports have been
normal.
• Also since last 4 years she has been off thyroid
allopathic medication.
137. Follow up
• Her plantar warts have now fallen off.
• Her migraine sill bothers her and is always
triggered by stress in life.
• Sleep is good, of course if not disturbed by
trouble….
138.
139. All of this has been learnt
from my esteemed teachers.
I must thank them for
teaching me all of this and
much more.
140.
141. Mischief just seems to follow
wherever Dennis appears, but it
is the product of good intentions,
misdirected helpfulness, good-
hearted generosity, and, possibly,
an overactive thyroid, ...
Hank Ketcham
On
Dennis the Menace