Abstract: In this paper three phase load flow analysis on four bus system using Mi Power software is reformed. As power system never operates under steady state condition therefore single phase load flow analysis doesn’t provide accurate results. Hence three phase load flow analysis which can be performed under different contingencies, provide data when system is unbalanced. The system is analysing on the basis of parameter values in MW & MVAR for transmission line and generator buses. Harmonic values of resistance, reactance, and susceptance can predict the condition of small and large kind of system network. This type of analysis is useful for solving the power flow problem in different power systems which will useful to calculate the unknown parameter.
The effect of load modelling on phase balancing in distribution networks usin...IJECEIAES
Due to the unequal loads in phases and different customer consumption, the distribution network is unbalanced. Unbalancing in the distribution network, in addition to increasing power losses, causes unbalancing in voltages and increases operating costs. To reduce this unbalancing, various methods and algorithms have been presented. In most studies and even practical projects due to lack of information about the network loads, load models such as constant power model, constant current or constant impedance are used to model the loads. Due to the changing and nonlinear behaviours of today's loads, these models cannot show results in accordance with reality. This paper while introducing an optimal phase-balancing method, discusses the effect of load modelling on phase balancing studies. In this process the re-phasing method for balancing the network and the harmony search algorithm for optimizing the phase displacement process have been used. The simulation was carried out on an unbalanced distribution network of 25 buses. The results show well the effect of this comprehensive modelling on phase balancing studies. It also shows that in the re-phasing method for balancing the network and in the absence of a real load model, the use of which model offers the closest answer to optimal solutions.
Comparative power flow analysis of 28 and 52 buses for 330 kv power grid netw...Onyebuchi nosiri
Newton-Raphson technique was formulated and used to evaluate the electrical performances of the existing 28-bus and improved 52-bus Nigerian 330kV power networks. The Jacobian matrix for both the existing 28-bus and the improved 52-bus Nigerian power system was derived using Newton-Raphson power flow solution method. The steady-state critical bus voltages, voltage and angle profiles at each bus, active and reactive power flows, transformer tap settings, component or circuit loading, generator exciter regulator voltage set points and system losses of these networks were determined to ascertain their effectiveness and proper network reconfiguration. The results obtained showed a better performance of the 52-Bus system in power quality, voltage and angle profiles over the conventional 28-bus system
A Novel Approach for Allocation of Optimal Capacitor and Distributed Generati...paperpublications3
Abstract: Distributed generation (DG) units, based on their interfacing technology are divided into synchronous generator interfaced DGs, asynchronous generator interfaced DGs and inverter interfaced DGs. This paper presents two algorithms for allocation of optimal capacitor and distributed generation on radial distribution system. These algorithms predict requirement of reactive vars and real power and supplied via capacitor banks and distributed generation. This arrangement reduces transmission losses and voltage stability problem. Developed algorithm has been implemented on two IEEE 69 nodes and 52 nodes systems.
A NOVEL TCHNOLOGY FOR HARMONICS AND UNBALANCE COMPENSATION IN ELECTRIC TRACTI...ijiert bestjournal
Power quality problems in power systems have been i mproved due to nonlinear loads. To compensate these problems Direct Power Compensator was proposed in this paper. A Direct Power Compensator (DPC) is proposed in this paper to elim inate the harmonic currents,compensate power factor and voltage unbalance problems created by th e nonlinear loads present in three phase systems. A DPC contains back to back converter by sharing th e same dc link power and v/v transformer to provide a voltage balance in transmission line. Hys teresis harmonic current regulator is used to produce pulse for back to back converter. A control ler maintains the dc-link voltage and compensates the power factor,harmonic currents. A comparative analysis for traction system with and without DPC was performed using MATLAB Simulink . Simulation results show the controller advantages and the applicability of the proposed me thod in railway systems.
Active Distribution Grid Power Flow Analysis using Asymmetrical Hybrid Techni...IJECEIAES
A conventional distribution power flow analysis has to be improved regards the changes in distribution network. One of the changes is a grid operation because a new grid concept, e.g. micro-grid and aggregation, is aimed to be operated based on area itself. Consequently, each area can be actively operated in either grid connected mode or islanding mode. Hence, this paper proposes an asymmetrical power flow analysis using hybrid technique to support this flexible mode change. The hybrid technique offers an opportunity to analyze power flow in a decoupling way. This means that the power flow analysis can be performed separately in each grid area. Regards the distributed generation, this paper also introduces a model based on inverter-based operation, i.e. grid forming, grid supporting and grid parallel. The proposed asymmetrical hybrid load flow method is examined in three case studies, i.e. a verification study with the DIgSILENT PowerFactory, a demonstration of decoupling analysis approach and a performance study with the Newton-Raphson method.
Analysis and mitigation of unbalance due to load in distribution system by us...eSAT Journals
Abstract Distribution network losses can vary significantly depending on the load unbalance. Here, an analysis of distribution system losses is presented that considers load unbalance and the effect of explicitly represented neutral wire. A general power flow algorithm for three-phase four-wire radial distribution networks, based on the current summation backward-forward technique is applied. Loss analysis results obtained from three-phase four-wire medium and low voltage test feeders with unbalanced load scenarios are presented and discussed an active power filter is designed, simulated, implemented, and tested. It can work in different modes: active power filtering, power factor correction, and load unbalance compensation. It is based on a current controlled voltage-source inverter with fixed carrier PWM. The control algorithm generates the source reference currents based on the controlled DC link voltage. The dimensioning criteria of the inductive and capacitive power components are discussed. The implementation is validated with simulated and experimental results obtained in a 5 kVA prototype. Keywords: distribution networks, losses, load unbalance, power flow
The effect of load modelling on phase balancing in distribution networks usin...IJECEIAES
Due to the unequal loads in phases and different customer consumption, the distribution network is unbalanced. Unbalancing in the distribution network, in addition to increasing power losses, causes unbalancing in voltages and increases operating costs. To reduce this unbalancing, various methods and algorithms have been presented. In most studies and even practical projects due to lack of information about the network loads, load models such as constant power model, constant current or constant impedance are used to model the loads. Due to the changing and nonlinear behaviours of today's loads, these models cannot show results in accordance with reality. This paper while introducing an optimal phase-balancing method, discusses the effect of load modelling on phase balancing studies. In this process the re-phasing method for balancing the network and the harmony search algorithm for optimizing the phase displacement process have been used. The simulation was carried out on an unbalanced distribution network of 25 buses. The results show well the effect of this comprehensive modelling on phase balancing studies. It also shows that in the re-phasing method for balancing the network and in the absence of a real load model, the use of which model offers the closest answer to optimal solutions.
Comparative power flow analysis of 28 and 52 buses for 330 kv power grid netw...Onyebuchi nosiri
Newton-Raphson technique was formulated and used to evaluate the electrical performances of the existing 28-bus and improved 52-bus Nigerian 330kV power networks. The Jacobian matrix for both the existing 28-bus and the improved 52-bus Nigerian power system was derived using Newton-Raphson power flow solution method. The steady-state critical bus voltages, voltage and angle profiles at each bus, active and reactive power flows, transformer tap settings, component or circuit loading, generator exciter regulator voltage set points and system losses of these networks were determined to ascertain their effectiveness and proper network reconfiguration. The results obtained showed a better performance of the 52-Bus system in power quality, voltage and angle profiles over the conventional 28-bus system
A Novel Approach for Allocation of Optimal Capacitor and Distributed Generati...paperpublications3
Abstract: Distributed generation (DG) units, based on their interfacing technology are divided into synchronous generator interfaced DGs, asynchronous generator interfaced DGs and inverter interfaced DGs. This paper presents two algorithms for allocation of optimal capacitor and distributed generation on radial distribution system. These algorithms predict requirement of reactive vars and real power and supplied via capacitor banks and distributed generation. This arrangement reduces transmission losses and voltage stability problem. Developed algorithm has been implemented on two IEEE 69 nodes and 52 nodes systems.
A NOVEL TCHNOLOGY FOR HARMONICS AND UNBALANCE COMPENSATION IN ELECTRIC TRACTI...ijiert bestjournal
Power quality problems in power systems have been i mproved due to nonlinear loads. To compensate these problems Direct Power Compensator was proposed in this paper. A Direct Power Compensator (DPC) is proposed in this paper to elim inate the harmonic currents,compensate power factor and voltage unbalance problems created by th e nonlinear loads present in three phase systems. A DPC contains back to back converter by sharing th e same dc link power and v/v transformer to provide a voltage balance in transmission line. Hys teresis harmonic current regulator is used to produce pulse for back to back converter. A control ler maintains the dc-link voltage and compensates the power factor,harmonic currents. A comparative analysis for traction system with and without DPC was performed using MATLAB Simulink . Simulation results show the controller advantages and the applicability of the proposed me thod in railway systems.
Active Distribution Grid Power Flow Analysis using Asymmetrical Hybrid Techni...IJECEIAES
A conventional distribution power flow analysis has to be improved regards the changes in distribution network. One of the changes is a grid operation because a new grid concept, e.g. micro-grid and aggregation, is aimed to be operated based on area itself. Consequently, each area can be actively operated in either grid connected mode or islanding mode. Hence, this paper proposes an asymmetrical power flow analysis using hybrid technique to support this flexible mode change. The hybrid technique offers an opportunity to analyze power flow in a decoupling way. This means that the power flow analysis can be performed separately in each grid area. Regards the distributed generation, this paper also introduces a model based on inverter-based operation, i.e. grid forming, grid supporting and grid parallel. The proposed asymmetrical hybrid load flow method is examined in three case studies, i.e. a verification study with the DIgSILENT PowerFactory, a demonstration of decoupling analysis approach and a performance study with the Newton-Raphson method.
Analysis and mitigation of unbalance due to load in distribution system by us...eSAT Journals
Abstract Distribution network losses can vary significantly depending on the load unbalance. Here, an analysis of distribution system losses is presented that considers load unbalance and the effect of explicitly represented neutral wire. A general power flow algorithm for three-phase four-wire radial distribution networks, based on the current summation backward-forward technique is applied. Loss analysis results obtained from three-phase four-wire medium and low voltage test feeders with unbalanced load scenarios are presented and discussed an active power filter is designed, simulated, implemented, and tested. It can work in different modes: active power filtering, power factor correction, and load unbalance compensation. It is based on a current controlled voltage-source inverter with fixed carrier PWM. The control algorithm generates the source reference currents based on the controlled DC link voltage. The dimensioning criteria of the inductive and capacitive power components are discussed. The implementation is validated with simulated and experimental results obtained in a 5 kVA prototype. Keywords: distribution networks, losses, load unbalance, power flow
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Power quality improvement of grid interconnected distribution system using fs...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a fuzzy step size least mean square (LMS) algorithm for grid connected renewable energy source. The main objective is to mitigate the harmonics and the neutral current compensation. The conventional controllers may fail due to the rapid change in the dynamics of the highly non-linear system. The fuzzy step size least mean square (FSS-LMS) algorithm in handling theuncertainties and learning from the processes is proved to be advantageous while the inverter operating at fluctuatingoperating conditions. The inverter is controlled tocompensate the harmonics and current imbalance of a three phase four wire non-linear load with generatedrenewable power injection in to the grid.The grid will always supply/absorb a balanced set offundamental currents at unity power factor even in the presence of three phase four wire non-linear unbalance load at point of common coupling(PCC).The proposed system is developed and simulated inMATLAB/SimPowerSystem environment under differentoperating conditions.
Power quality improvement of grid interconnected distribution system using fs...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Novel Distribution System Power Flow Algorithm using Forward Backward Matri...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Fuzzy Logic Controller for Static Synchronous Series Compensator with Line Po...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of controlling and modulating power flow in a transmission line using a Synchronous Static Series Compensator (SSSC). The studies, which include detailed PWM techniques controlled for SSSC, are conducted and the control circuits are presented. In this study, a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is used to investigate the effect of this device in controlling active and reactive powers as well as damping power system oscillations in transient mode. The SSSC equipped with a source of energy in the DC link can supply or absorb the reactive and active power to or from the line. Simulations have been done in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Simulation results obtained for selected bus-2 in two machine power system shows the efficacy of this compensator as one of the FACTS devices member in controlling power flows, achieving the desired value for active and reactive powers, and damping oscillations appropriately.
Power Flow Analysis for Four Buses System by NR Methodijtsrd
Power flow studies provide a systematic mathematical approach for determination of various bus voltages, there phase angle, active and reactive power flows through different branches, generators and loads under steady state condition. In this paper, the purpose of power flow analysis is to determine four bus system power flows. Case studies have been performed on Lawpita Taungoo Kamarnat Hlawga 230kV Line Myanmar . This paper presents a reliable method to meet the requirements by developing a Newton Raphson based load flow calculation program through which control setting of Shunt Compensator can be determined directly. This program computes the voltage magnitude and angle at each bus in a power system under balanced steady state conditions. Real and reactive power flows for all buses, as well as line flow and line losses, are also computed. And then the compensation of shunt capacitor is proposed for load flow analysis and also for overall loss minimization and improvement in system voltage profile. Wint Yu Yu Zaw ""Power Flow Analysis for Four Buses System by NR Method"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23472.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23472/power-flow-analysis-for-four-buses-system-by-nr-method/wint-yu-yu-zaw
Power Factor Improvement in Distribution System using DSTATCOM Based on Unit ...RSIS International
Power factor plays important role in the function of
the power system network. Hence, the power factor
improvement will increase the performance of power system
equipments. This paper presents the design and implementation
of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with the stardelta
transformer for improvement of the power factor in threephase
four wire distribution system in the presence of threephase
linear load in the events of single phase, two-phase and
three phase trippings. The unit vector template method based
control algorithm has been implemented for the control of the
proposed DSTATCOM. The proposed test model has been
simulated in SIMULINK/MATLAB environment. The
simulations results show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm
Improvement of the electric power quality usingVikram Rawani
A control algorithm for a three-phase hybrid power
filter is proposed.It is constituted by a series active filter and a passive filter connected in parallel with the load.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Current Compensation with Reduced Rating VSC and A ZIG –ZAG Transformer an A ...IJERA Editor
A reduced rating voltage-source converter with a zig-zag transformer as a distribution static compensator is proposed for power-quality improvement in the three-phase four-wire distribution system. The source voltages in the distribution systems are also experiencing power quality problems, such as harmonics, unbalance, flicker, sag, swell, etc. The distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed for compensating power quality problems in the current, and the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is used for mitigating the power quality problems in the voltage. The zig-zag transformer is used for the neutral current compensation. Distribution systems are facing severe power-quality (PQ) problems, such as poor voltage regulation, high reactive power and harmonics current burden, load unbalancing, excessive neutral current, etc. The zig-zag transformer is used for providing a path to the zero-sequence current. The DSTATCOM is used to improve the quality of power to the non linear loads. By using both zig-zag transformer and DSTATCOM in the distribution system the rating of the voltage source converter can be reduced. Hence it can be also called reduced rating device. The performance of the DSTATCOM is validated through extensive simulations using MATLAB software with its Simulink and power system block set toolboxes.
Abstract: Energy efficiency in all the aspects of human life has become a major concern, due to significant environment impact as well as it economic importance. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) estimated 2-10% of the global consumption but is also expected to enable global energy efficiency through new technologies tightly dependent on networks. Specially, a network model based on G-network quening theory is built, which can incorporate all the important parameters of power consumption together with traditional performance metric and routing control capability. Our goal is to control both power configuration of pipeline and way to distribute traffic flow among them. Optimization policy having best tradeoff between power consumption and packet latency times. The achieved results demonstrate how the proposed model can effectively represent energy and network-aware performance indexes.
Abstract: We need energy for every day today work of our life. There are many conventional methods of energy generation but these are depleting very fastly hence non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. So an alternate method of non conventional energy generation is proposed in this project. In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply walking or running on foot step.Here Dynamometer is used for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The voltage generated by this sensor is stored in battery which will be later on transmitted wirelessly to charge the mobiles.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Power quality improvement of grid interconnected distribution system using fs...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents a fuzzy step size least mean square (LMS) algorithm for grid connected renewable energy source. The main objective is to mitigate the harmonics and the neutral current compensation. The conventional controllers may fail due to the rapid change in the dynamics of the highly non-linear system. The fuzzy step size least mean square (FSS-LMS) algorithm in handling theuncertainties and learning from the processes is proved to be advantageous while the inverter operating at fluctuatingoperating conditions. The inverter is controlled tocompensate the harmonics and current imbalance of a three phase four wire non-linear load with generatedrenewable power injection in to the grid.The grid will always supply/absorb a balanced set offundamental currents at unity power factor even in the presence of three phase four wire non-linear unbalance load at point of common coupling(PCC).The proposed system is developed and simulated inMATLAB/SimPowerSystem environment under differentoperating conditions.
Power quality improvement of grid interconnected distribution system using fs...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Novel Distribution System Power Flow Algorithm using Forward Backward Matri...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Fuzzy Logic Controller for Static Synchronous Series Compensator with Line Po...paperpublications3
Abstract: This paper investigates the problem of controlling and modulating power flow in a transmission line using a Synchronous Static Series Compensator (SSSC). The studies, which include detailed PWM techniques controlled for SSSC, are conducted and the control circuits are presented. In this study, a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is used to investigate the effect of this device in controlling active and reactive powers as well as damping power system oscillations in transient mode. The SSSC equipped with a source of energy in the DC link can supply or absorb the reactive and active power to or from the line. Simulations have been done in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Simulation results obtained for selected bus-2 in two machine power system shows the efficacy of this compensator as one of the FACTS devices member in controlling power flows, achieving the desired value for active and reactive powers, and damping oscillations appropriately.
Power Flow Analysis for Four Buses System by NR Methodijtsrd
Power flow studies provide a systematic mathematical approach for determination of various bus voltages, there phase angle, active and reactive power flows through different branches, generators and loads under steady state condition. In this paper, the purpose of power flow analysis is to determine four bus system power flows. Case studies have been performed on Lawpita Taungoo Kamarnat Hlawga 230kV Line Myanmar . This paper presents a reliable method to meet the requirements by developing a Newton Raphson based load flow calculation program through which control setting of Shunt Compensator can be determined directly. This program computes the voltage magnitude and angle at each bus in a power system under balanced steady state conditions. Real and reactive power flows for all buses, as well as line flow and line losses, are also computed. And then the compensation of shunt capacitor is proposed for load flow analysis and also for overall loss minimization and improvement in system voltage profile. Wint Yu Yu Zaw ""Power Flow Analysis for Four Buses System by NR Method"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23472.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23472/power-flow-analysis-for-four-buses-system-by-nr-method/wint-yu-yu-zaw
Power Factor Improvement in Distribution System using DSTATCOM Based on Unit ...RSIS International
Power factor plays important role in the function of
the power system network. Hence, the power factor
improvement will increase the performance of power system
equipments. This paper presents the design and implementation
of distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) with the stardelta
transformer for improvement of the power factor in threephase
four wire distribution system in the presence of threephase
linear load in the events of single phase, two-phase and
three phase trippings. The unit vector template method based
control algorithm has been implemented for the control of the
proposed DSTATCOM. The proposed test model has been
simulated in SIMULINK/MATLAB environment. The
simulations results show the effectiveness of proposed algorithm
Improvement of the electric power quality usingVikram Rawani
A control algorithm for a three-phase hybrid power
filter is proposed.It is constituted by a series active filter and a passive filter connected in parallel with the load.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Current Compensation with Reduced Rating VSC and A ZIG –ZAG Transformer an A ...IJERA Editor
A reduced rating voltage-source converter with a zig-zag transformer as a distribution static compensator is proposed for power-quality improvement in the three-phase four-wire distribution system. The source voltages in the distribution systems are also experiencing power quality problems, such as harmonics, unbalance, flicker, sag, swell, etc. The distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed for compensating power quality problems in the current, and the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is used for mitigating the power quality problems in the voltage. The zig-zag transformer is used for the neutral current compensation. Distribution systems are facing severe power-quality (PQ) problems, such as poor voltage regulation, high reactive power and harmonics current burden, load unbalancing, excessive neutral current, etc. The zig-zag transformer is used for providing a path to the zero-sequence current. The DSTATCOM is used to improve the quality of power to the non linear loads. By using both zig-zag transformer and DSTATCOM in the distribution system the rating of the voltage source converter can be reduced. Hence it can be also called reduced rating device. The performance of the DSTATCOM is validated through extensive simulations using MATLAB software with its Simulink and power system block set toolboxes.
Abstract: Energy efficiency in all the aspects of human life has become a major concern, due to significant environment impact as well as it economic importance. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) estimated 2-10% of the global consumption but is also expected to enable global energy efficiency through new technologies tightly dependent on networks. Specially, a network model based on G-network quening theory is built, which can incorporate all the important parameters of power consumption together with traditional performance metric and routing control capability. Our goal is to control both power configuration of pipeline and way to distribute traffic flow among them. Optimization policy having best tradeoff between power consumption and packet latency times. The achieved results demonstrate how the proposed model can effectively represent energy and network-aware performance indexes.
Abstract: We need energy for every day today work of our life. There are many conventional methods of energy generation but these are depleting very fastly hence non-conventional energy system is very essential at this time to our nation. So an alternate method of non conventional energy generation is proposed in this project. In this project we are generating electrical power as non-conventional method by simply walking or running on foot step.Here Dynamometer is used for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The voltage generated by this sensor is stored in battery which will be later on transmitted wirelessly to charge the mobiles.
A Study On Double Gate Field Effect Transistor For Area And Cost Efficiencypaperpublications3
Abstract: Proposal for a field effect transistor had been presented, with numerical device simulations to verify the title in every manner possible. The two transitional field effect transistors like pMOS and nMOS functions are simultaneously performed, working as one or as the other according to the voltage applied to the gate terminal. Increase in the circuit speed is observed when this technology is implemented on the device suggested with respect to the standard CMOS technology, presented a drastic reduction of number devices and associated parasitic capacitances. In addition to it IC obtained with the proposed device are fully compatible with the standard CMOS technology and the fabrication processes. Fabrication of Static Ram cells with three transistors only with minimum dimensions and a single bit line by saving silicon area and increasing the memory performance with respect to standard CMOS technologies. It is also presented that the fully compatible CMOS process can be used to successfully manufacture the new FET structure.
Abstract: In this paper, Landslide detection is used to describe the Down slope faction of soil, rock& unrefined Materials under the force of gravity .It can be triggered by steady processes such as Weathering or by external mechanism. We need to prevent the loss of life & spoil to communication routes, Human settlement, Agricultural fields & Forest land etc. We will discuss the techniques which includes circuits for Railway Track cutting, Fogg recognition, Heavy Rainfall & to provide alert system. This system uses a wireless sensor network which is Digital sensor network. This sensor nodes are one of the progressive technologies, it provides high sensitivity, large coverage area, accurate processing & Transmission of critical data in Run time with high resolution. The sensor module detects the vibration from field & sends data to monitoring station through RFID module. We have implement this work by using competent microcontroller AT89s52.
Hardware Unit for Edge Detection with Comparative Analysis of Different Edge ...paperpublications3
Abstract: An edge in an image is a contour across which the brightness of the image changes abruptly. In image processing, an edge is often interpreted as one class of singularities. Edge detection is an important task in image processing. It is a main tool in pattern recognition, image segmentation, and scene analysis. An edge detector is basically a high pass filter that can be applied to extract the edge points in an image. This topic has attracted many researchers and many achievements have been made. Many researchers provided different approaches based on mathematical calculations which some of them are either robust or cost effective. A new algorithm will be proposed to detect the edges of image with increased robustness and throughput. Using this algorithm we will reduce the time complexity problem which is faced by previous algorithm. We will also propose hardware unit for proposed algorithm which will reduce the area, power and speed problem. We will compare our proposed algorithm with previous approach. For image quality measurement we will use some scientific parameters those are PSNR, SSIM, FSIM. Implementation of proposed algorithm will be done by Matlab and hardware implementation will be done by using of Verilog on Xilinx 14.1 simulator. Verification will be done on Model sim.
Link Disconnection Entropy Disorder in Mobile Adhoc Networkspaperpublications3
Abstract: In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, nodes move freely causing an interruption in communications. This communication interruption can be accounted in a time lapse to an entropy to connection or disconnection; the combined entropy disorder of a node’s links describe how suitable a node is to communicate to neighbors. This entropy disorder is tightly coupled to mobility and communications factors such as node’s speed or data traffic saturation. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between speed and traffic saturation into a disorder in link entropy with a focus on disconnection, namely Link Disconnection Entropy Disorder (LDED). The findings indicate a high LDED value to nodes with high speed.
Abstract: Traditionally electrical appliances in a home are controlled via switches that regulate the electricity to these devices. As the world gets more and more technologically advanced, we find new technology coming in deeper and deeper into our personal lives even at home. Home automation is becoming more and more popular around the world and is becoming a common practice. The process of home automation works by making everything in the house automatically controlled using technology to control and do the jobs that we would normally do manually. Home automation takes care of a lot of different activities in the house. this project we propose a unique System for Home automation utilizing Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) that is paired with a wireless module to provide seamless wireless control over many devices in a house. This user console has many keys, each corresponding to the device that needs to be activated. The encoder encodes the user choice and sends via a FM transmitter. The FM receiver receives the modulated signal and demodulates it and the user choice is determined by the DTMF decoder. Based upon this the required appliance is triggered. Dtmf access the control unit, the user should send an authentication code (DTMF) along with their quire/desired function/action to his/her home control system via Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). Upon being properly authenticated, the cell phone-based interface at home (control unit) would relay the commands to a microcontroller that would perform the required function/action, and return a function completion code that would be sent to the source of the original command (user’s cell phone).
RELIABILITY BASED POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS PLANNING USING CREDIBILITY THEORYpaperpublications3
Abstract: This paper presents an analytical technique for distribution system planning based on reliability evaluation using credibility theory. With the development of economy and society power planning is facing with the influence of much uncertainty, which are mainly power distribution network. Power system especially at the distribution level is prone to failures and disturbances as many devices are responsible for the successful operation of a radial distribution system. We also mention whether the work has been done at the strategic level, i.e. if it concerns the planning of power distribution system based on reliability and uncertainty.
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through the implementation on the IEEE 14-bus radial transmission system indicated that PSO is reasonable to achieve the
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Selective localization of capacitor banks considering stability aspects in po...IAEME Publication
The issue of voltage stability has become predominant in larger power systems, since the
system is operated close to its capabilities in recent years. Addressing this concern considering the
economic constraints is a challenge .This draws attention towards the localization of the reactive
components that can improve the overall voltage profile in the system. This paper discusses a
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injection of fixed amount of reactive power is made to depict a picture of the overall improved
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jacobian is used to determine the impact of reactive power injection in the form of system voltage
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
A fault-tolerant photovoltaic integrated shunt active power filter with a 27-...IJECEIAES
This paper introduces a fault-tolerant shunt active power filter (SAPF). The novility in of this work is that it poposes a solutions to increase the reliability of shunt active power filter to maintain its operation under a single-phase open-circuit fault in the SAPF. This will increase the reliability of the whole power system. The SAPF is composed of a 4-leg 27-level inverter based on asymmetric cascaded H-bridge topology. If an open-circuit fault is introduced to the operation of the SAPF, a special control technique will be implemented and the redundant leg of the SAPF will be activated. The faulttolerant SAPF can do many tasks under healthy operating conditions and post and open circuit fault depending on the state of charge (SOC) of the batteries. It can mitigate harmonics in the power system, improve power factor in the system by injecting reactive power, and inject real power to the system. The proposed SAPF is tested and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and the results have shown a significant improvement in total harmonics distortion (THD) of the source current from 13.9% to 3.9% under the normal operating condition and from 42% to 8.4% post and open circuit fault.
[7] a generalized parameter tuning method of proportional resonant controller...Ngoc Dinh
Phuong Vu, Ngoc Dinh, Nam Hoang, Quan Nguyen, Minh Tran; “A Generalized Parameter Tuning Method of Proportional-Resonant Controllers for Dynamic Voltage Restorers”; International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS).
To Study, Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Improvement Using DSTA...ijtsrd
This project illustrates the execution of a three stage delivery static compensator DSTATCOM by using a back propagation BP control algorithm for its capacities, such as load balancing and zero voltage management of reactive power compensation under non linear loads. We use BP based control algorithm to obtain the critical dynamic weight estimate here. And the BP based control algorithm is often used for estimating the receptive power portions of the load streams necessary for estimating the reference source streams. Regulation of power efficiency devices through neural networks is the new area of study in the field of power engineering. The extraction of the harmonic components defines the output of the balancing instruments. Here we use DSTATCOM and UPFC as balancing instruments. A DSTATCOM model is developed using a computerized signal processor and its implementation is focused on various working conditions. The execution of DSTATCOM is found to be suitable for various kinds of burdens with the proposed control algorithm. The BP based control algorithm is used to derive the fundamental weighted value of the active and reactive power components of the load present. Back propagation algorithm trained by the sample will detect the power quality signal issue in real time. Continuity, differentiability, non decreasing momotomy are the key features of this algorithm. The process of UPFC is close to that of DSTATCOM, although the only difference is that it does not have the device shut down in worse circumstances. The simulation model is developed with ANFIS and its output is studied under different operating conditions. The output of ANFIS is found to be satisfactory with the proposed control algorithm for different types of loads. The suggested method shall be checked by the results of MATLAB Simulink. Rohit Mishra | Ashish Bhargava "To Study, Analysis and Implementation of Power Quality Improvement Using DSTATCOM with ANN (Back Propagation Algorithm)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47521.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/47521/to-study-analysis-and-implementation-of-power-quality-improvement-using-dstatcom-with-ann-back-propagation-algorithm/rohit-mishra
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Three Phase Load Flow Analysis on Four Bus System
1. ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp: (1-6), Month: July 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 1
Paper Publications
Three Phase Load Flow Analysis on Four Bus
System
1
Satish Kumar Suryavanshi, 2
Preeti Jain
1
Scholar, 2
Asst. Professor, electrical department Jabalpur engineering college, Jabalpur 482011, India
Abstract: In this paper three phase load flow analysis on four bus system using Mi Power software is reformed. As
power system never operates under steady state condition therefore single phase load flow analysis doesn’t provide
accurate results. Hence three phase load flow analysis which can be performed under different contingencies,
provide data when system is unbalanced. The system is analysing on the basis of parameter values in MW &
MVAR for transmission line and generator buses. Harmonic values of resistance, reactance, and susceptance can
predict the condition of small and large kind of system network. This type of analysis is useful for solving the
power flow problem in different power systems which will useful to calculate the unknown parameter.
Keywords: Mi Power, load flow, contingency weightage.
1. INTRODUCTION
Load flow (power flow) analysis is the determination of current, voltage, active power and reactive power (volt amperes)
at various points in a power system operating under normal steady state or static conditions. Load flow studies are made
to plan the best operation and control of the existing system are well as to plan the future expansion to keep pace with the
load growth. Such studies help in ascertaining the effects of new loads, new generating station, new lines and new
interconnection before they are installed. The prior information serves to minimize the system losses and to provide a
check on the system stability.
The flow of active and reactive power is called the power flow or load flow. Voltage of buses and their phase angles are
affected by the power flow and vice versa.
One of the generator buses is selected as the reference bus for the reason therefore generator bus is made to take the
additional real and reactive powers to supply the transmission losses so this bus is known as the slack bus or swing bus.
The losses in system remain unknown until the load solution is complete. The profiles of voltage, the value and direction
of active power and reactive power significantly. Load flow studies are performed to calculate the magnitude and phase
angle of voltages at the buses and also the active power and reactive volt amperes flow for the given terminal or bus
conditions. The following variables are associated with each bus or node.
Magnitude of the voltage |V|
Phase angle of the voltage (δ)
Active power (P)
Reactive volt amperes (Q)
2. METHODS USED FOR LOAD FLOW ANALYSIS
Gauss seidal method
Newton raphson method
Fast decoupled method
2. ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp: (1-6), Month: July 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 2
Paper Publications
Following papers work has been taken as reference [1] A three-phase model for a DSSC based on SSSC (static
synchronous series compensator) model suitable for power flow analysis is proposed in this paper. The DSSC (distributed
static series compensator) system is a three phase system requiring a three phase power flow. The limitation in inserting
all DSSC modules into the system leads to use three DSSC units on each compensated phase. The model implementation
in Newton power flow algorithm is explained in order to control the active power flow. Numerical results carried out on
the IEEE 30-bus and the 5-bus test system demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed Three phase DSSC model. Since
the Newton power flow is basically dependent on initial values, a convergence problem observed in simulations due to
such initialization.[2] developed a sequential three-phase power flow program with TZBD (three phase Zbus distribution)
in Mat lab environment for power flow calculation. The simulation results of this program also verified by the IEEE 4
Node Test Feeder. The outcomes of this paper are helpful to the planning and operation of the complicated distribution
systems, which will be connected with distributed generation and energy storage systems in the near future, and
furthermore to increase the operation benefits of the electric power distribution systems.[3] discusses how Zig-Zag
transformer can be used to take care of zero sequence current component of unbalanced and distorted load current using
existing method. Although existing method works well for balanced source voltages still source neutral current is not
exactly zero and it depends on the impedance inserted in source neutral wire. In addition to that, existing method of
neutral current compensation using Zig-Zag transformer fails in case of unbalanced source voltages. The analysis of Zig-
Zag transformer shows that floating neutral of Zig-Zag transformer is at potential equal to the zero sequence voltages
component of the source voltage. Thus, the removal of source neutral wire solves the problem of existing topology.[4]
single and two phase lines are model by equivalent three phase lines with non-ganged switches disconnecting the virtual
phases from the network. Modelling of these Non-ganged switches is only necessary at the line ends, which are connected
to nodes where additional phases are present. This has the following advantage: All the lines of the network are model as
symmetrical lines. Using the system for these lines, there exist no couplings between the components of these lines. The
un-symmetry is modelled by additional equations for the currents and the voltages at both sides of the switch. Any
coupling is limited only to the columns and rows of the matrix, which are affected by these switches. Model of these
switches is not necessary for all terminals of a two phase or one phase branch. It is only to be implemented at the places,
where the real phases at both sides of this non ganged switch differs, As a result, the couplings are reduced to a minimum
of components speeding up load flow calculations in unbalanced networks significantly. [5] Unbalanced distribution
power-flow based on sequence components. An unbalanced distribution network is decomposed into a main three-phase
circuit and unbalanced laterals. The main three-phase network is solved using the sequence decoupled power-flow
algorithm. The unbalanced laterals are solved using the forward/backward sweep method. This results in a hybrid solution
in both sequence and phase components. The advantage of the proposed formulation is that a complicated distribution
network is decomposed to many sub-problems. One of these sub problems is basically a standard single-phase power-flow
used in the sequence decoupled power-flow algorithm. The decoupling features of the proposed formulation eventually
reduce the size of the distribution power-flow problem which leads to improvements in both execution time and memory
requirements. [6] Development of power flow solution for balanced, unbalanced and multiphase distribution systems.
Satisfactory results have been obtained and verified Using MATPOWER and backward forward method based tool
developed at MSU. Simulation results have been obtained using balanced/ unbalanced meshed system, shipboard power
system and four node system. The developed tool can handle multiphase network, both radial and meshed system,
balanced and unbalanced network and can also handle multiple generators. DGs can be used in the program which has
been modelled as PV node. Power system generally consists of a combination of constant power, constant impedance and
constant current loads. This program has been developed assuming loads as constant power. Different types of loads need
to be considered for accurate representation of system loads.[7] three phase DG (distribution generation) model in
unbalanced three-phase distribution power-flow and analysed their effect when they are connected in distribution
networks. In this paper, the DG was modelled as PV node with an option to convert to a PQ node when it achieved Q
limit. The model was tested and analysed using a practical 37 node distribution feeder with various size and location of
DG. The simulation results show that DG size and location are important factors to improve voltage profile and line losses
reduction. The DG location give more effect in voltage profile improvement compared to network loss reduction for DG
modeled as PV node. In contrast the DG sizes give more effect in network loss reduction compared to voltage profile
improvement.
3. ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp: (1-6), Month: July 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
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Paper Publications
fig. four bus based single line diagram
3. MODEL CONFIGURATION
I have performed three phase load flow analysis on four bus system which comprises of generator buses and load bus. bus
1 is generator bus and rest of buses are load buses, following data sheet has been used different components like
generator, load, buses etc. connected. in power system.
On the basis of above methods load flow analysis is performed. The base voltage taken as 415 volts and system
frequency is 50 Hz, base MVA as 0.25 MVA.
4. GENERATOR DATA
Generator element data:
Sr.no. Detailed element Values
1. No. of units in parallel 1
2. Specified voltage 0.415
3. DE rated MVA 0.25
4. Scheduled power 0.2
5. Real power- minimum 0
6. Real power- maximum 0.2
7. Reactive power- minimum 0
8. Reactive power- maximum 0.15
9. Droop % 4 %
Generator library data:
Sr.no. Detail and name Values in
1. Negative sequence reactance (Xn) 0.0001 pu
2. Zero sequence reactance 0.0001 pu
3. MVA rating 0.25 mva
4. MW rating 0.2 mw
5 KV rating 0.415 kv
6. Direct axis transient reactance 0 pu
Bus no. Bus voltage MVA Xn(pu) X0(pu)
1 1.00+j0.0 0.25 0.0001 0.0001
2 1.00+j0.0 0.25 0.0001 0.0001
3 1.00+j0.0 0.25 0.0001 0.0001
4. ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp: (1-6), Month: July 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
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Paper Publications
Transmission line element data:
Transmission line connects the entire power system network. Its value essential for healthy network. Here value of
thermal rating is 0.131541 and the De rated MVA is 0.13154.
Line no. From bus no. To bus no. No. of circuits Structure ref. no. Length in KM
1. 1 2 1 1 0.1
2. 2 3 1 1 0.1
3. 3 4 1 1 0.1
Transmission line library data:
Library data come further by entering in main transmission line element data.
Structure ref. no. Structure ref name Line harmonic no. Thermal rating MVA
1 RABBIT 1 0.131541
Transmission line and cable data need for line harmonic information of resistance, inductance, susceptance following
data is given –
Resistance (ohms/km):
A B C
A 0.5 0 0
B 0 0.5 0
C 0 0 0.5
Reactance (ohms/km):
A B C
A 0.4 0 0
B 0 0.4 0
C 0 0 0.4
Susceptance (mho/km):
A B C
A 0 0 0
B 0 0 0
C 0 0 0
Bus element data:
Bus no. Bus name Nominal voltage KV
1. Bus1 0.415
2. Bus2 0.415
3. Bus3 0.415
4. Bus4 0.415
In bus data minimum voltage is 0.39425 and the maximum voltage 0.43575 to support other element of bus network.
Unbalanced load data:
Load connected in Bus2, Bus3, Bus4 in the network system which support the network in healthy condition unbalanced
load data shows as follow-
Ph Load 1 Load2 Load3
MW MVAR MW MVAR MW MVAR
R 0.05 0.025 0 0 0 0
Y 0 0 0.05 0.025 0 0
B 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.025
5. ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp: (1-6), Month: July 2015 - September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 5
Paper Publications
Power System network work in inter connect buses. In power system network in bus have load i.e real power in MW
0.0500000007 and reactive power of load in bus and unbalanced load MVAR is 0.0250000003 and breaker rating of load
in MVA is 50 & breaker rating of load in kA 69.562.
5. RESULT
In the system four bus, three load, three transmission line and one source (generator) through this entire system number of
iteration taken 15 for solving the model, Q check limit 4 and the P tolerance 0.001, q tolerance 0.001 for analysis the three
phase load flow case no 1 [unbalanced load] and scheduled no: 0 number of line types 3˟3, number of zone are 1,
transformer R/X ratio is 0.05000, circuit breaker X-PU 0.00010
Detail and name Result
Total real power generation 0.174 MW
Total react, power generation 0.095 MVAR
Total real power load 0.150 MW
Total reactive power load 0.075 MVAR
Total real power loss 0.025 MW
Total reactive power loss 0.020 MVAR
……………………………………………………...
Zone wise distribution for phase A
Distribution zone #1
……………………………………………………..
MW generation 0.0530
MVAR generation 0.0275
MW load 0.0500
MVAR load 0.0250
MW loss 0.0031
MVAR loss 0.0025
……………………………………………………...
Zone wise distribution for phase B
Distribution Zone #1
……………………………………………………...
MW generation 0.0573
MVAR generation 0.0310
MW load 0.0500
MVAR load 0.0250
MW loss 0.0074
MVAR loss 0.0059
……………………………………………………
……………………………………………………...
Zone wise distribution for phase C
Distribution Zone #1
……………………………………………………...
MW generation 0.0641
MVAR generation 0.0364
MW load 0.0500
MVAR load 0.0250
MW loss 0.0142
MVAR loss 0.0114