Thiazides diuretics
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Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting sodium-chloride co-transport in the distal convoluted tubule, which prevents reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions. This leads to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, and water in the urine, reducing blood pressure. Thiazide diuretics can also directly relax arterioles, further lowering blood pressure. However, they may cause side effects like hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. Thiazide diuretics are indicated for hypertension and edema but require monitoring due to their potential adverse effects.
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Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, leading to increased excretion of sodium, chloride, calcium, and water from the body. It is commonly used to treat fluid retention, edema, and hypertension. Some key points are that it acts more rapidly than thiazide diuretics, can be used in patients with renal impairment, and causes diuretic effects within 0.5-1 hour when taken orally. Common side effects include hypokalemia, hypomagnesaemia, and ototoxicity when combined with other drugs.
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Diuretics
This document discusses different classes of diuretic drugs, including their mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses. It covers carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone, and osmotic diuretics like mannitol. The main points are:
- Diuretics work by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium in different regions of the nephron like the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, or distal tubule.
- Major classes include carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics like furosemide, thiazide diuretics, and potassium-sparing di
Diuretics
In this PPT urine retention process process is explained..various drugs used for the increase of urine outflow for the kidney failure patients
DIURETICS.pptx
Diuretics work by increasing the excretion of sodium and water from the body through actions on the kidneys. They do this by decreasing sodium and chloride absorption from the renal tubules. Common classes of diuretics include carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, and thiazide diuretics, which work at different locations along the nephron. Diuretics are useful for treating conditions involving fluid retention such as congestive heart failure and edema.
DIURETICS.pptx
This document discusses different classes of diuretic medications, their mechanisms of action, indications, and side effects. It describes:
1) Loop diuretics which inhibit sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle, causing increased excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Their main indications include heart failure and edema.
2) Thiazide diuretics which inhibit sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. They are used to treat hypertension and have fewer side effects than loop diuretics.
3) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors which inhibit bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule, causing a metabolic acidosis. Their main use is for glaucoma.
diuretics.pptx
This document discusses various classes of diuretic drugs including loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, thiazide-like diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and osmotic diuretics. It describes the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, uses, and adverse effects of these diuretic classes with a focus on furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, acetazolamide, spironolactone, triamterene, and mannitol. Key sites of action in the nephron are identified for each drug class.
Diuretics: Pharmacology
This document provides information about different types of diuretic drugs, including their mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and side effects. It discusses loop diuretics like furosemide that act in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide that act in the distal convoluted tubule, potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone that act in the collecting duct, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors like acetazolamide. The document explains how each class of diuretic increases urine output and outlines their applications in conditions like heart failure, hypertension, and edema. It also notes common adverse effects like hypokalemia, hy
DIURETICS
Diuretics work by interfering with electrolyte reabsorption in the kidney to promote excretion of sodium and water. They are classified based on where in the nephron they act: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors act in the proximal convoluted tubule; loop diuretics act on the ascending loop of Henle; thiazide diuretics act in the distal convoluted tubule; and aldosterone inhibitors act on the collecting tubule. Common diuretics include acetazolamide, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, and spironolactone. They are used to treat conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and edema. Adverse effects can include electrolyte imbalances like hyp
Diuretics and antidiuretics detail STUDY
diuretics and antidiuretics detail study
-diuretic are the drug which increase the urine formation and excretion.
- antidiuretic work by decrease the urine formation.
classification, mechanism of action, use ,pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic,adverse effect
-newer drug
-banned diuretic and antidiuretic drug
Diuretics & Antidiuretics (Pharmacology)
This ppt tells us about the topics diuretics and antidiuretics.
It also indicates us about their classification, mechanism of action, side effects and many more.
Diuretics
This document provides information on loop diuretics and potassium sparing diuretics. It begins with an overview of normal urine formation and sites of renal reabsorption. It then classifies diuretics and discusses the mechanisms and sites of action of loop diuretics like furosemide and torsemide as well as potassium sparing diuretics like spironolactone and amiloride. It notes their therapeutic uses, interactions, and resistance. In recent years, new loop diuretic compounds like CRE 10904 have been developed.
Diuretics
This document discusses different classes of diuretic drugs, including their mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses. It covers carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, loop diuretics, thiazide diuretics, potassium-sparing diuretics, and osmotic diuretics. Diuretics work by inhibiting reabsorption of sodium in different regions of the nephron. They are used to treat hypertension, edema, and maintain urine output. Common side effects include electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia and metabolic alterations. Drug-drug interactions can also occur due to effects on absorption or elimination of other drugs.
Renal-Diuretics.pdf
Pharmacology Lecture Slides on Diuretics by Sanjaya Mani Dixit Assistant Professor of Pharmacology at Kathmandu Medical College
Diuretics
This document discusses diuretics, which are medications that increase urine output. It covers the four anatomical sites in the nephron where diuretics act: the proximal convoluted tubule, the thick ascending loop of Henle, the distal tubule, and the connecting tubule and collecting duct. It provides details on the classes of diuretics that act at each site, including their mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships, examples of medications, uses, and adverse effects. Thorough understanding of diuretic medicinal chemistry helps clinicians appropriately tailor diuretic therapy to individual patients.
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Thiazides diuretics
- 1. Thiazides Diuretics: • These are sulphonamides derivatives. These are potent diuretics. All the thiazides drugs have qualitatively similar action but differ quantitatively. Given orally. They highly bound to plasma proteins. Probencid inhibits the action of thiazides diuretics. Mechanism of Action: • Main site of action is distal convoluted tubules. Normally at this site of entry Na ions is associated with the entry of Cl ions. This process is known as Na-Cl ions co-transport system. Both the ions move in the same direction. • Thiazide inhibits Na-Cl co-transport system and prevents the reabsorption of Na and Cl ions. • The unabsorbed Na and Cl ions along with water reach the collecting tubules. Normally at this site Na ions is reabsorbed in exchange for K+ ions and H+ ions.
- 2. • Thiazide inhibits C-A enzyme with the result that H+ ions are not avaliable to be exchange for Na+ ions. So Na is reabsorbed in exchange for K + ions. This leads to severe K+ depletions. • The unabsorbed, Cl and K ions pass out from kidney tubules along with water.
- 3. Other actions of Thiazides Diuretics: • They depress GFR, this is due to direct action of Thiazide diuretics on renal blood vessels. • They also inhibits tubular excretion of uric acid, raises plasma uric acid level. • Thiazides reduce the excretion of Ca ions by by direct action on distal tubule. Anti-hypertensive Action: Thiazides reduces B.P by two mechanisms. 1: Blood volume is reduced due to Na+ ions depletion and fall CO, leads to fall of B.P 2: Thiazides directly act on smooth muscles of arterioles, which are relaxed leading to dilatation of blood vessels and falls of B.P
- 4. Action on Carbohydrates metabolism Thiazides causes hyperglycemia, leads to diabetes mellitus. This is due to 1: They depress B-cells of pancrease and reduce secretions of insulin. 2: They increase the breakdown of glycogen to glucose. 3: They decrease the peripheral utilization of glucose. Action on Lipid Metabolism • Thiazides increase the plasma conc triglycerides and cholesterol.
- 5. Indications: 1: Mild severe HTN 2: edema due to CHF As Diuretics in hypercalciuria as thiazides reduce the excretion of Ca ions and thus prevents the formation of kidney stones. Contra-Indications: Renal failure Gout Diabetes mellitus Adverse Effects • Hypokalemia, which also induces cardiac arrhythemias. • Muscle cramps due to Na excretions. • Precipitates gout • May precipitate DM • Increases plasma cholesterol level • Skin rashes, thrombocytopenia and impotency