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Thermal processing of
        lignocellulosic biomass for fuel and
                                 chemicals

                    Andrey Grachev, PhD, professor,
                    director of “EnergoLesProm” LLC


Partners:
Urgency of the project

             Resources of lignocellulosic                          Capacity of a forestry enterprise
                       biomass
                                                                           50-200 thous.
     35000                                                                      m3
                                                                                7%
                                                                 10-50 thous.
                                                                      m3
                                                                     17%
                         25000




                                                                                    Capacity < 350 kg/h


                                               11000                                                      <10 thous.
                                                                                                             m3
                                                                                                            76%



Forestry residues   Municiality wastes   Agricultural wastes
Current technologies of
                  biomass processing


• Pelletizing, briquetting



• Biochemical methods



• Thermochemical methods
Thermochemical processing
               of biomass




  • Combustion

  • Gasification

  • Pyrolysis
Types of pyrolysis



  Process              Conditions                         Products

                                            Liquid         Char      Gas


 Fast pyrolysis    Moderate temperature,        75%         12%        13%
                   short residence time
                                             Water 25 %


Slow pyrolysis     Low temperature, long        30%          35%           35%
(carbonization)    residence time
                                            Water 75 %

High temperature   High temperature            5%           10%        85%
pyrolysis                                     Tars 5 %
Technology of fast pyrolysis


DRY BIOMASS 100 kg
                       < 5 sec   CHAR
                                 10-15 kg


                                 BIOOIL
                                 up to 75 kg


                                   GAS
                                 15-20 kg
                      HEATING
Current technologies
Conception
                                                               Woodlands -17% (Republic of Tatarstan)
                                                                Wood biomass growth - 21.25 m3/km2.
                                                                 Transportation cost – 0.16 €/(km*m3)




                                                                 Transport distance, km
                                       0.2
                  Cost of product, €

                                       0.15


                                       0.1




                                              Capacity, kg/h                              Capacity, kg/h




     Pyrolysis plants

     Processing centre

Capacity up to 120 tn/day (240 m3/day)
Transport distance up to 150 km
Transportation costs of fuel biomass


                               60
                                    3


                                2.5
                               50
Увеличение стоимости руб/ГДж


                               40 2
 Increase in value, €/GJ


                                                     WoodЩепа
                                                          chips
                                                       ЩЕПА
                                1.5
                               30


                                                                  Пеллеты
                               20 1                         ПЕЛЛЕТЫ
                                                             Pellets

                                                                        Бионефть
                                0.5
                               10                                БИОНЕФТЬ
                                                                    Biooil


                                0
                                    0     20   40           60              80     100
                                                    S, км
Mobile plants




Advanced Biorefinery Inc.   Agri-THERM Limited
     Canada                       Canada




                 PYTEC
                 Germany
Current stage

• Pilot plant with capacity 50 kg/h has been
  constructed tested

• Fast pyrolysis products have been received

• Physical and chemical analyses have been
  conducted

• R&D are continuing
Characteristics of pilot
                                                          plant

Characteristic                  Unit             Value
Capacity                    kg/h (tn/year)
- on feedstock                                  50 (384)
- on biooil                                   29.5 (226.5)
- on wood char                                  7 (53.8)
Feedstock – wood chips,          mm               50
max size
Initial moisture of              %                60
feedstock, max
Electricity consumption          kW                5
Voltage                           V               380
Max temperature in               °C               600
pyrolysis chamber
Weight of plant                  kg              3000
Overall dimensions               mm          4200*2950*3000
(length * width * height)
Biooil properties

Physical properties
Property                     Unit               Biooil         Fuel oil
Density                      kg/m3               1200            980
Heating value                MJ/kg              16-19           40.5
Viscosity                     cSt               13-80          59-118
Ash content                   %                0.01-0.02        0,14
Ignition point                0С                50-100           110
Solidification temperature    0С                 -20             10
pH                                               2-3.7            -


Chemical composition
Chemical                             % (mas)
Lignin                               15–30
Aldehydes                             10-20
Organic acids                         10-15
Polyatomic hydrocarbons               5-10
Phenols                                2-5
Alcohols                               2-5
Furfural                               1-4
Ketons                                 1-5
Application of biooil


• Alternative fuel



• Binder for composite materials



• Feedstock for production of technical carbon



• Feedstock for road construction



• Feedstock for chemical and biochemical industry
Burning of biooil


•   Physical and chemical analyses
    have been conducted

•   Experiments on biooil combustion
    have been conducted

•   Tests of engines on the pyrolysis
    gas to electric power generation
    have been conducted
Processing of pyrolysis products
                                                                                      Current infrastructure
                                         Plants for primary
Small pyrolysis plants                   processing of biooil




                                    gasification            FT



                                                                                             Petrochemical
                                                                                              enterprises
                                       Cracking on zeolites             Hydrocarbon
                         Biooil
                                                                         mixtures



                                        Hydrotreantment


                                  Stabilization, reduction of acidity                 Production of fuel and
 Increase of density
                                                                                           chemicals
Biooil application in
                                            road construction


  Additive to road binders up to 20 %

  Improves adhesive properties of binders

  Stabilizes properties of bitumen

  Together with mineral binders, biooil
enhances soil
Biochar application if agriculture


            Improve of soil structure
            Increase of yields of crops for 16%
            Ecological advantage – reduce
          greenhouse gases emission
            Universal fertilizer with regulated NPK
          complex
Comparison of biooil and other fuels



                             Heating value,
Name          Cost, €/kg                      Cost, €/GJ
                                MJ/kg
Wood chips      0.04              7.8            5.5
Pellets          0.1              18             7.2
Diesel fuel     0.45             41.2            11.8
Fuel oil         0.2              40             6.1
Biooil          0.08              18             4.8
Specific technical and
                                       economical indicators



Indicator                                    Unit          Value
                                       thous. tn/ thous.
Volume of biooil                       m3                     0.31
Heating value                          GJ/ thous. m3          5508
                                       thous. €/ thous.
The total annual effect due to sales   m3                    58.25
                                       thous. €/ thous.
Profit before tax                      m3                     40.5
Thank you!
           Andrey Grachev
         Energolesprom LLC
address: 420059, Kazan, PO box 109
     phone.: +7(905) 375-18-23
 е-mail: energolesprom@gmail.com
    web: www.energolesprom.ru

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Presentation Energolesprom

  • 1. Thermal processing of lignocellulosic biomass for fuel and chemicals Andrey Grachev, PhD, professor, director of “EnergoLesProm” LLC Partners:
  • 2. Urgency of the project Resources of lignocellulosic Capacity of a forestry enterprise biomass 50-200 thous. 35000 m3 7% 10-50 thous. m3 17% 25000 Capacity < 350 kg/h 11000 <10 thous. m3 76% Forestry residues Municiality wastes Agricultural wastes
  • 3. Current technologies of biomass processing • Pelletizing, briquetting • Biochemical methods • Thermochemical methods
  • 4. Thermochemical processing of biomass • Combustion • Gasification • Pyrolysis
  • 5. Types of pyrolysis Process Conditions Products Liquid Char Gas Fast pyrolysis Moderate temperature, 75% 12% 13% short residence time Water 25 % Slow pyrolysis Low temperature, long 30% 35% 35% (carbonization) residence time Water 75 % High temperature High temperature 5% 10% 85% pyrolysis Tars 5 %
  • 6. Technology of fast pyrolysis DRY BIOMASS 100 kg < 5 sec CHAR 10-15 kg BIOOIL up to 75 kg GAS 15-20 kg HEATING
  • 8. Conception Woodlands -17% (Republic of Tatarstan) Wood biomass growth - 21.25 m3/km2. Transportation cost – 0.16 €/(km*m3) Transport distance, km 0.2 Cost of product, € 0.15 0.1 Capacity, kg/h Capacity, kg/h Pyrolysis plants Processing centre Capacity up to 120 tn/day (240 m3/day) Transport distance up to 150 km
  • 9. Transportation costs of fuel biomass 60 3 2.5 50 Увеличение стоимости руб/ГДж 40 2 Increase in value, €/GJ WoodЩепа chips ЩЕПА 1.5 30 Пеллеты 20 1 ПЕЛЛЕТЫ Pellets Бионефть 0.5 10 БИОНЕФТЬ Biooil 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 S, км
  • 10. Mobile plants Advanced Biorefinery Inc. Agri-THERM Limited Canada Canada PYTEC Germany
  • 11. Current stage • Pilot plant with capacity 50 kg/h has been constructed tested • Fast pyrolysis products have been received • Physical and chemical analyses have been conducted • R&D are continuing
  • 12. Characteristics of pilot plant Characteristic Unit Value Capacity kg/h (tn/year) - on feedstock 50 (384) - on biooil 29.5 (226.5) - on wood char 7 (53.8) Feedstock – wood chips, mm 50 max size Initial moisture of % 60 feedstock, max Electricity consumption kW 5 Voltage V 380 Max temperature in °C 600 pyrolysis chamber Weight of plant kg 3000 Overall dimensions mm 4200*2950*3000 (length * width * height)
  • 13. Biooil properties Physical properties Property Unit Biooil Fuel oil Density kg/m3 1200 980 Heating value MJ/kg 16-19 40.5 Viscosity cSt 13-80 59-118 Ash content % 0.01-0.02 0,14 Ignition point 0С 50-100 110 Solidification temperature 0С -20 10 pH 2-3.7 - Chemical composition Chemical % (mas) Lignin 15–30 Aldehydes 10-20 Organic acids 10-15 Polyatomic hydrocarbons 5-10 Phenols 2-5 Alcohols 2-5 Furfural 1-4 Ketons 1-5
  • 14. Application of biooil • Alternative fuel • Binder for composite materials • Feedstock for production of technical carbon • Feedstock for road construction • Feedstock for chemical and biochemical industry
  • 15. Burning of biooil • Physical and chemical analyses have been conducted • Experiments on biooil combustion have been conducted • Tests of engines on the pyrolysis gas to electric power generation have been conducted
  • 16. Processing of pyrolysis products Current infrastructure Plants for primary Small pyrolysis plants processing of biooil gasification FT Petrochemical enterprises Cracking on zeolites Hydrocarbon Biooil mixtures Hydrotreantment Stabilization, reduction of acidity Production of fuel and Increase of density chemicals
  • 17. Biooil application in road construction Additive to road binders up to 20 % Improves adhesive properties of binders Stabilizes properties of bitumen Together with mineral binders, biooil enhances soil
  • 18. Biochar application if agriculture Improve of soil structure Increase of yields of crops for 16% Ecological advantage – reduce greenhouse gases emission Universal fertilizer with regulated NPK complex
  • 19. Comparison of biooil and other fuels Heating value, Name Cost, €/kg Cost, €/GJ MJ/kg Wood chips 0.04 7.8 5.5 Pellets 0.1 18 7.2 Diesel fuel 0.45 41.2 11.8 Fuel oil 0.2 40 6.1 Biooil 0.08 18 4.8
  • 20. Specific technical and economical indicators Indicator Unit Value thous. tn/ thous. Volume of biooil m3 0.31 Heating value GJ/ thous. m3 5508 thous. €/ thous. The total annual effect due to sales m3 58.25 thous. €/ thous. Profit before tax m3 40.5
  • 21. Thank you! Andrey Grachev Energolesprom LLC address: 420059, Kazan, PO box 109 phone.: +7(905) 375-18-23 е-mail: energolesprom@gmail.com web: www.energolesprom.ru