This document discusses biomass energy and biomass conversion. It defines biomass as organic material from plants and microorganisms that is used as a renewable source of energy. Biomass energy conversion can occur through direct combustion, thermo-chemical conversion involving processes like pyrolysis and gasification, or bio-chemical conversion through fermentation or anaerobic digestion. The document also outlines the production of biomass through photosynthesis and examines the prospects and advantages and disadvantages of biomass energy in India.

1. NCES
BIOMASS ENERGY AND BIOMASS
CONVERSION
PRESENTED BY: MUNIB MUNIR
ENTRY NO: 17-MRE-007
TEACHER INCHARGE: DR.VINEET TYAGI

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION TO BIOMASS
• PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS
• BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION
• DIRECT COMBUSTION
• THERMO-CHEMICAL CONVERSION
• BIO-CHEMICAL CONVERSION
• PROSPECTS OF BIOMASS IN INDIA
• ADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS
• DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS
• REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION TO BIOMASS
• The organic material from plants , microorganisms grown on
water , in the algae and their derivatives are called biomass.
• The energy derived from biomass is called bioenergy.
• It is a renewable source of energy.
• It also include organic matter such as animal wastes,
municipal wastes etc.
• Photosynthesis process is primarily responsible for generation
of biomass energy.

6. PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS
• Biomass is produced with the help of photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts carbon
dioxide and water with the help of sunlight into organic
compounds especially sugars.

8. BIOMASS ENERGY CONVERSION
• It is a technique to convert biomass resources into light, heat
and fuels.
• Biomass energy conversion techniques can be grouped as :
• Direct combustion
• thermo-chemical conversion
• Bio-chemical conversion

9. DIRECT COMBUSTION
• The combustion of biomass in presence of oxygen to produce
heat and by products is called direct combustion.
• The heat produced can be used for generating electricity, for
industrial processes, space heating, cooking etc.
• The complete combustion of biomass into ash is called
incineration.

11. PYROLYSIS
• Pyrolysis is a process of subjecting a biomass feedstock to high
temperatures (greater than 430 °C) under pressurized
environments and at low or no oxygen levels.
• Pyrolysis can process all types of organic materials including
rubber and plastics.
• In the process, biomass undergoes partial combustion.
• Processes of pyrolysis result in liquid fuels, gaseous fuels and
a solid residue called char, or biochar.

14. GASIFICATION
• Gasification is the process of burning biomass under restricted
air supply and temp of 1000°C or more for the generation of
producer gas or syn gas.
• Producer gas is a mixture of gases.
• The main constituents are Co,H,CH₄,CO₂,and N₂.
• Producer gas from biomass consists of following four
processes.
1.Drying.
2.pyrolysis.
3.oxidation.
4.Reduction

16. FOUR REACTIONS IN GASIFICATION

17. BIO-CHEMICAL CONVERSION
• Bio-chemical conversion of biomass involves use of bacteria,
micro-organisms and enzymes to breakdown biomass into
gaseous or liquid fuels such as bioethanol and biogas
• The two major bio-chemical processes are:
1.Fermentation
2.Anaerobic digestion.

18. FERMENTATION
• Fermentation is the decomposition in absence of air of simple
hexose sugars in aqueous solution by action of enzyme
present in yeast, in acidic conditions.
• The products are ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• The three major steps involved are pretreatment, enzymatic
hydrolysis, and fermentation.

20. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• This process converts decaying wet biomass and animal
wastes into biogas through decomposition process by the
action of anaerobic bacteria.
• Anaerobic bacteria are those bacteria that live and grow in
absence of oxygen.
• The airtight equipment used for conversion is called as
digester.

21. Contd.
• The biogas is mainly a mixture of methane(60 %) and carbon
dioxide(40%).
• The residual matter in the digester can be used in soil
amendment and as fertilizer.
• The process proceeds in 4 stages:
1.hydrolysis.
2.Acidogenesis.
3.Acetogenesis.
4.Methanogenesis.

23. BIOMASS POTENTIAL IN INDIA

26. ADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS
• It is a renewable form of energy.
• It is carbon neutral.
• It is widely available.
• It is cheaper compared to fossil fuels.
• It reduces amount of waste in landfills.
• It can be used to create different products.

27. DISADVANTAGES OF BIOMASS
• It is not entirely clean.
• Risk of deforestation.
• It requires a great deal of water.
• It is inefficient as compared to fossil fuels.
• Biogas plants occupy large areas thus cannot be used in urban
areas.

28. REFERENCES
• Non conventional energy resources by B H Khan.
• Technology information, forecasting and assessment council
• Ministry of new and renewable energy.
• Paper on Renewable biomass energy by Nisha Sriram,
Member, IEEE and Mohammad Shahidehpour, Fellow, IEEE

29. THANK YOU