The document discusses thermal expansion and heat transfer. Thermal expansion refers to materials expanding when heated and contracting when cooled. The amount of expansion can vary between materials. One example of using thermal expansion is in bimetallic strips in thermostats. Heat transfer refers to the flow of heat within and between objects due to temperature differences. The three main types of heat transfer are radiation via electromagnetic waves, conduction through direct contact, and convection via currents in fluids. Specific heat and heat capacity refer to the energy required to increase the temperature of a substance.