This document discusses key concepts about temperature and heat transfer. It defines temperature as a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles. All matter is made of atoms or molecules that are always moving, with higher temperatures corresponding to faster average particle speeds. Thermometers measure temperature based on the property of thermal expansion. Common temperature scales are Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin, with Kelvin being the official SI scale. Heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects at different temperatures, occurring through conduction, convection or radiation until thermal equilibrium is reached.