The document discusses different types of attitudes including positive, negative, neutral, and sikken attitudes. It describes how positive attitudes can benefit individuals through confidence and happiness, while negative attitudes involve ignoring good things and focusing only on potential failures. The document also discusses the importance of nurses maintaining a positive, professional attitude to foster a healthy work environment and provide quality patient care. Key attitudes for psychiatric nursing are identified as permissiveness, reassurance, firmness, and watchfulness. Basic patient needs like nutrition, hygiene, and acceptance are also outlined.

1. Therapeutic attitude
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2. • It is a feeling or way of thinking that affects a person's behavior.
• The four basic types of attitudes and behaviors
• Positive Attitude:
• Negative Attitude:
• Neutral Attitude:
• Sikken Attitude:
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3. • Positive attitude: It means that keeping a positive mindset and thinking
about the greater good, no matter whatever the circumstances are. A
positive attitude has many benefits which affect out other kinds of
behavior in a good way. They are Confidence, Happiness, Sincerity etc.
• Negative attitude: A negative attitude is something that every person
should avoid. Generally, people will negative attitude ignore the good
things in life and only think about whether they will fail. They often find a
way out of tough situations by running away from it.eg. Anger, Doubt,
Frustration etc
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4. • Neutral Attitude:
This is another type of attitude that is common.
That mindset is a neutral one. There is no doubt. Neither is there any
kind of hope.
The people generally tend to ignore the problems in life. They wait for
some other individual to take care of their problems.
They generally have a lazy life and they are often unemotional
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5. • Sikken Attitude:
• It reflects a constant state of negativity and aggressiveness
One of the most dangerous types of attitude and different is the sikken
attitude. The sikken attitude has destroy every image that comes in
connection with a positive image.
This type of attitude is more of a negative attitude and is very destructive. It
often reflects the mind’s negativity. It is necessary to let go off this kind of
attitude for the betterment of the self and the people around you
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6. Therapeutic attitude
• Nurses are bound like other professionals to a shared set of
behaviors, values and attitudes that are conducive(possible) to a
professional environment.
• The set of professional behaviors include: caring, compassionate,
effective communication, responsibility, and accountability, sense of
duty or obligation, and collaboration with patients, families and
other members of the healthcare team.
• The core values that all nurses share include: human dignity,
integrity, autonomy, altruism(concern for the well-being of others) and social justice. Each
value is essential to our profession of nursing
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7. • According to the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics,
“The nurse creates an ethical environment and culture of politeness
and kindness treating colleagues, coworkers, employees, students
and others with dignity and respect.
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8. • However, working in today’s hectic and often stressful healthcare
environment can create a challenge to this very code of ethics.
• In fact, it is not uncommon for those working in today’s healthcare
environment to have a negative or “bad” attitude.
• This “bad” attitude creates an even greater stress to the work
environment and to all those working in it
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9. • Nurses are responsible for their actions and their attitude.
• It is important to remember that one’s attitude and behavior contribute
to a professional healthcare setting and foster a healthy work
environment.
• A healthy work environment is essential to: the care for our patients, to
creating a system of accountability, conflict resolution and to successfully
collaborate with the interdisciplinary team. The job of nurses is not an
easy one.
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10. • Working in today’s healthcare environment can be chaotic(confused) and
stressful therefore, it is even more important that everyone working in
healthcare maintain a positive attitude and we support one another.
• Our attitude matters to our coworkers, our healthcare organizations, our
patients and to ourselves.
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11. Common attitudes needed to be used in psychiatric
nursing are:
(i) Permissiveness (Indulgence or non-judgement) (freedom)
• This attitude allows and encourages any evidence of initiation on the part of
the patient; patient is encouraged to express his wishes and make his own
decisions whenever possible and the nurse should accept his behavior.
• The nurse allows deviations (minor) from the ward rules but permissiveness
is never allowed towards the patient’s right upon the safety and peace of
the group.
• This attitude is indicated for patients who are subjected to denial of self-
expression and patients who are afraid of reality
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12. ii) Reassurance remove doubts or fears
• The nurse is expected to use every possible way to reassure the
patient .
• She may reassure by verbal reassurance or by staying with him.
Reassurance is indicated for fearful, frightened, insecure or extremely
anxious patients.
• It is also frequently used with the newly admitted patients.
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13. (iii) Firmness (kind firmness)
• The nurse sets a limit for an acceptable behavior.
• The patient may be told that the hostile speeches in the public or his
physical attacks on others are not acceptable.
• Diverting the patient with a constructive work may be helpful.
• If physical force such as restraining is needed, it should be done for a
short while with minimum discomfort to the patient.
• The reason for restraining has to be told to the patient.
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14. • While restraining the patient, care must be taken to prevent injury to
the skin necrosis of tissue and stoppage of blood circulation.
• Attitude of watchfulness has to be of matter of fact, frequently
inspecting patient's belongings for any articles which may help him to
commit suicide, escape or harm others
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15. Basic needs of the patients
• Physiological drives are called as biological drives or organic needs.
• When the psychiatric patients are preoccupied with their psychotic
ideas and keep responding to their hallucinations, they tend to ignore
these needs.
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16. • It becomes the responsibility of nurses to help the patients in meeting
the basic needs like nutrition, rest, sleep, personal hygiene and
eliminations etc.
• Emotional needs are acquired through experiences of living and
interacting with other human beings.
• Some of the emotional needs are
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17. (i)Need for acceptance
Acceptance conveys the feeling of being loved and cared.
Psychiatric patients are usually ignored and neglected by their families
and community.
Therefore, the nurses must communicate the feelings of acceptance
towards them.
II. Need for self-esteem: Self-esteem is the individual's personal
judgement of his own worth obtained by analyzing how well his
behavior conforms to his self-ideal.
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18. III. Active friendliness:
This means an active interest in the immediate welfare of the patient.
Accepting the patient and meeting his needs before he expresses
She is consistent but little flexible and informal.
This attitude is specially indicated for emotionally deprived 'patients.
e.g. Schizophrenics.
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19. IV. Passive friendliness:
• The nurse expresses her interest in the patient but waits for him to
make the first advance before responding.
• The nurse needs to be warm, giving, and sincere.
• She accepts rebuts without taking offence, and may need much
waiting and patience until the patient shows signs of response and
indicated for shy patients and those who are afraid of active friendly
attention.
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20. (v) Watchfulness is the first rule of any psychiatric hospital.
But for special cases like suicide, escape or who harm others, it may be
ordered specifically
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21. References:
• American Nurses Association (2010) Code of Ethics for Nurses
with Interpretive Statements American Nurses Association
(2011).
• Nursing at its Best: Competent and Caring American Nurses
Association (2010).
• Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice Fahrenwald, N,
Bassett, S.,Tschetter,L,Carson,P.,White, L.,WInterboer,V.
(2005).
• Teaching Core Nursing Values. Journal of Proessional Nursing,
21(1) p.46-51
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