This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Janine Mauzeroll on scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). SECM is introduced, including operating modes and principles. Applications of SECM in studying multdrug resistance in cancer cells, electrochemical properties of battery materials, and corrosion of alloys are discussed. SECM allows visualization of heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics and mass transport at micro and nanoscale.
EIS is a powerful method of analyzing the complex electrical resistance of a system ( is sensitive
to surface phenomena and changes of bulk properties) It can be used to determine semi-quantitative parameters of electrochemical processes occurring
at electrode surfaces
Basics of Electrochemical Impedance SpectroscopyGamryInstruments
An introduction to Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) theory and has been kept as free from mathematics and electrical theory as possible. If you still find the material presented here difficult to understand, don't stop reading. You will get useful information from this application note, even if you don't follow all of the discussions.
Summary of operating principles of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) instrumentation technique. Review of experimentation and results obtained using SERS in three scientific journals.
EIS is a powerful method of analyzing the complex electrical resistance of a system ( is sensitive
to surface phenomena and changes of bulk properties) It can be used to determine semi-quantitative parameters of electrochemical processes occurring
at electrode surfaces
Basics of Electrochemical Impedance SpectroscopyGamryInstruments
An introduction to Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) theory and has been kept as free from mathematics and electrical theory as possible. If you still find the material presented here difficult to understand, don't stop reading. You will get useful information from this application note, even if you don't follow all of the discussions.
Summary of operating principles of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) instrumentation technique. Review of experimentation and results obtained using SERS in three scientific journals.
Optical band gap measurement by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (drs)Sajjad Ullah
Introduction to Optical band gap measurement
by electronic spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) with comparison of the results obtained suing different equation and measurement techniques.
The role of scattering in extinction of light as it passes through media is briefly discussed.
Dr. Patrick Bradshaw presents an overview of his program, Human Performance and Biosystems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Optical band gap measurement by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (drs)Sajjad Ullah
Introduction to Optical band gap measurement
by electronic spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) with comparison of the results obtained suing different equation and measurement techniques.
The role of scattering in extinction of light as it passes through media is briefly discussed.
Dr. Patrick Bradshaw presents an overview of his program, Human Performance and Biosystems, at the AFOSR 2013 Spring Review. At this review, Program Officers from AFOSR Technical Divisions will present briefings that highlight basic research programs beneficial to the Air Force.
Novel composite electrodes:Preparation and application to the electroanalytic...Université de Dschang
M. Tchieno Melataguia Francis Merlin a soutenu une thèse de Doctorat/Phd en Chimie Inorganique ce 06 juin 2016 dans la salle des conférences de l'Université de Dschang. A l'issue de cette soutenance devant le jury présidé par le Prof. Emmanuel Ngameni lui a décerné la mention très honorable à l'unanimité de ses membres.
I am attaching the list of departmental electives offered by the Department of Chemistry for The Autumn semester 2019 at IIT Kharagpur for two years MSc Students
Effects of electric field on histopathological study, electrical properties a...inventy
The present work was undertaken in order to investigate the effects of electric field (EF) of strength 50Hz-3KV/m on the histopathology, dielectric properties and liver function tests in albino rats. Fifty male albino rats were equally divided into three groups namely A, B, and C. Animals of group A used as control group which didn't receive any treatment . Animals of group B was divided into two subgroups namely B1 and B2 which were discretely exposed to 50HZ, 3KV/m electric field for a period of 15 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group B2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. Animals of group C are divided into two subgroups namely C1 and C2 were discretely exposed to the electric field for a period of 30 day (8 hours/day, 5day/week). Group C2 animals were left to survive and housed at normal environmental conditions similar to control group A for a period of 15 day post exposed. At the end of this period, blood and tissues samples were collected from all groups for experimental investigations. The dielectric constant (έ), electrical conductivity (σ) was measured in frequency range 42Hz-5MHz to investigate any changes in liver structure through studding histopathological examination. Also, the liver function was studied through analysis of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvie transaminase (GPT) and total protein (TP) after exposure to electric field this biochemical parameters have been evaluated in the blood serum of rats. The obtained results show high significant changes in the value of έ and σ of liver tissues for all groups exposed to EF as compared with control group. The levels of GOT and GPT were increased up to four times their values during the period of exposure to EF. These variations were recovered during two week after stopping exposure but they did not return to its original control values before exposure. On microscopic level; liver histological observations in liver cells which revealed some alterations including hepatic tissue with two portal tracts showing mild florous expansion and a dilated central vein, also ghosts of hepatocytes denoting necrotic changes also shows hepatic tissue with dilated central veins engorged with blood and splitting out to adjacent hepatocytes.
Antibacterial Activity of Schiff Bases Derived from OrthoDiaminocyclohexane, ...inventionjournals
Schiff bases (SBs) are known to possess many biological activities. In this paper we will be interested in nine SBs derived from ortho-diaminocyclohexane, meta-phenylenediamine, 1,6-diaminohexane and benzaldehydes variously substituted by nitro group. We had synthesized, characterized and tested these molecules for their antibacterial properties. Herein our study focuses in particular on the determination of quantum descriptors on which observed antibacterial activity depends, in order to be able to predict biological activities in analogue molecule series. Using quantum chemistry methods at B3LYP / 6-31G (d, p) level, we determined for each molecules, theoretical antibacterial potentials that we correlated to the experimental ones. Calculation results showed that, the energy of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (EHOMO), electronegativity (χ) and electronic energy (E), are the best quantum descriptors related to the antibacterial activity values of studied molecules. The correlation coefficient R 2 indicates that 92.1% of the molecular descriptors defining this model are taken into account with a standard deviation of 0.152.The model significance is reflected by Fischer coefficient F = 7.721: Correlation coefficient of cross-validation = 0.88. This model is acceptable with . The values of the pCE50theo/pCE50exp values of the validation set tend to unity
Control of metabolic activities of E.coli and S. aureus bacteria by Electric ...researchinventy
Low electric currents generated using conductive electrodes have been used to increase the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial biofilms, a phenomenon termed “the bioelectric effect” that formed metal ions and free radicals which can inhibit the growth of planktonic Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) the effect is amplitude and frequency dependent, the aim of present study to define the parameters that are most effective against bacterial growth also to investigate the comparative study through inactivation of metabolic activities, growth rate, morphology, bacterial conductivity and antibiotic sensitivity between gram negative E.Coli and gram positive S.aureus bacteria by extremely low frequency electric field (ELF-EF). In this work, the frequency of electric impulses that interfere with the bioelectric signals generated during E.Coli and S.aureus cellular division is investigated in order to compare cell viability, number of colony forming units (CFU) and growth rate (optical density at 600nm) bacterial conductivity and antibiotic susceptibility. Also morphological cellular structure was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results revealed that a highly significant inhibition effect occurred when S.aureus and E.Coli was exposed to resonance of 0.8, 0.5 Hz square amplitude modulated waves (QAMW) respectively for 2hours exposure .Moreover, exposed cells became more sensitive to the tested antibiotics compared to control. Significant ultra-structural changes occurred as observed by TEM which indicated morphological changes. It will be concluded that, the use of 0.8, 0.5 Hz QAMW in controlling the biological activity of S.aureus and E.coli respectively seems to be a new and promising medical activity
Control of metabolic activities of E.coli and S. aureus bacteria by Electric ...inventy
Low electric currents generated using conductive electrodes have been used to increase the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial biofilms, a phenomenon termed “the bioelectric effect” that formed metal ions and free radicals which can inhibit the growth of planktonic Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) the effect is amplitude and frequency dependent, the aim of present study to define the parameters that are most effective against bacterial growth also to investigate the comparative study through inactivation of metabolic activities, growth rate, morphology, bacterial conductivity and antibiotic sensitivity between gram negative E.Coli and gram positive S.aureus bacteria by extremely low frequency electric field (ELF-EF). In this work, the frequency of electric impulses that interfere with the bioelectric signals generated during E.Coli and S.aureus cellular division is investigated in order to compare cell viability, number of colony forming units (CFU) and growth rate (optical density at 600nm) bacterial conductivity and antibiotic susceptibility. Also morphological cellular structure was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results revealed that a highly significant inhibition effect occurred when S.aureus and E.Coli was exposed to resonance of 0.8, 0.5 Hz square amplitude modulated waves (QAMW) respectively for 2hours exposure .Moreover, exposed cells became more sensitive to the tested antibiotics compared to control. Significant ultra-structural changes occurred as observed by TEM which indicated morphological changes. It will be concluded that, the use of 0.8, 0.5 Hz QAMW in controlling the biological activity of S.aureus and E.coli respectively seems to be a new and promising medical activity.
Plasmonic wave assessment via optomechatronics system for biosensor applicationIJECEIAES
Transduction biosensor (mass-based, optical and electrochemical) involves analysis, recognition and amplification in the acquired sample. In this work, the plasmonic-based biosensor was employed without using tags. It is crucial to determine angles of Brewster (Ɵb) and critical (Ɵc) for generating plasmonic resonance (Ɵr). The objective is to verify a cost-effective plasmonic biosensor through Fresnel simulation and experimentation of a developed optomechatronics system. The borosilicate glass, Au and Air layers were simulated with the Winspall 3.02 simulator. The optomechatronics system consists of: 1-optics (650 nm laser, slit, polarizer, photodiode), 2-mechanical (bipolar stepper motors, gears, stages) and 3-electronics (PIC18F4550, liquid crystal display (LCD) and drivers). Later, the software performs angular interrogation by reading the reflected beam from a rotating prism at 0.1125. Experimentation to simulation accuracy indicates that percentage differences for Ɵr and Ɵc are 1% and 0.2%, respectively. In conclusion, excellence verification was successfully achieved between experimentation and simulation. It proved that the lowcost optomechatronics system is capable and reliable to be deployed for the biosensor application.
Talk multiscale analysis of ionic solutions is unavoidableBob Eisenberg
Ions in channels and solutions control most living functions. Analysis in atomic detail is needed, but so is prediction of functions on the macroscopic scale. Computational electronics has solved similar issues and we all benefit from the computational devices it provides us. These slides show how a similar approach can be used, and is necessary in my view, for ions solutions and biological systems, most notably in ion channels
Next-Generation Safety Assessment Tools for Advancing In Vivo to In Vitro Tra...InsideScientific
Join Prof. Victoria Hutter and Dr. Louis Scott as they showcase the application of high-content imaging and advanced cell lines for drug safety assessment.
Safety concerns play a significant role in the unsuccessful progression of candidate compounds in the later stages of drug development. Establishing the connection between in vitro endpoints and human health outcomes is essential.
In this webinar, Prof. Victoria Hutter and Dr. Louis Scott present a novel tool for in vitro safety assessment in drug development. The morph_ONE™ assay provides a human-centric approach to potentially fill specific regulatory gaps concerning safety issues. This tool is capable of profiling both human and rat alveolar macrophages, offering valuable insights for hazard identification and toxicity assessments. By bridging the divide between cellular effects and overall risk, it has the potential to enhance our understanding of safety-related aspects in drug development.
Key Topics Include:
- Explore distinct in vitro screening techniques for evaluating the safety of emerging inhaled products, facilitating early and informed decisions in compound selection and development.
- How high-content image analysis (HCIA) cell painting assays can be used as a forward-looking high-throughput screening tool, distinguishing unique response patterns in alveolar macrophages.
- Understand the use of the ImmuPHAGE™ and ImmuLUNG™ models in conducting customized evaluations focused on inhalation safety.
A Ready-to-Analyze High-Plex Spatial Signature Development Workflow for Cance...InsideScientific
In this webinar, Aditya Pratapa and Lorcan Sherry present a new workflow for analyzing multiplex immunoflurescence images.
Spatial Signatures are a new class of highly predictive biomarkers that measure the interactions and cellular densities of tumor and immune cells that compose the tumor microenvironment. Based on multiplex immunofluorescence, spatial signatures provide a deeper understanding of complex interactions between tumors and the immune system, enabling improved patient stratification for immunotherapies. A significant hurdle to date has been in developing a data analysis workflow that is straightforward and user-friendly to transform the data rich images into meaningful quantitative spatial signatures.
In this webinar, Aditya and Lorcan review the key features of the new PhenoImager HT 2.0 data analysis workflow. This workflow introduces a simplified framework from scanning to analyzing spectrally unmixed multiplex immunofluorescence images generated on the PhenoImager HT platform. The ready-to-analyze data can be directly imported into image analysis software such as Visiopharm. This presentation covers key aspects of data analysis elements such as image QC, segmentation, phenotyping, and verification – all essential for creating outputs that support the development of a spatial signature.
Key Topics Include:
- Understand Akoya’s new HT 2.0 data analysis workflow
- The challenges in multiplex immunofluorescence analysis and the use of AI and cell
lineage segmentation considerations
- Explore OracleBio’s image analysis workflow incorporating Visiopharm
- Evaluation of analysis data to facilitate spatial profiling and interpretation
Molecule Transport across Cell Membranes: Electrochemical Quantification at t...InsideScientific
In this webinar, Dr. Sabine Kuss will discuss the importance of transmembrane molecule exchange and how to detect and quantify membrane transport of molecules in cells.
Complex biological processes, such as the transport of molecules across cell membranes, are difficult to understand using purely biological methodologies. Investigating cellular transport processes is challenging, because of the highly complex chemical composition of cells and the diffusion of molecules in and around cells at low concentrations. The development and advancement of electroanalytical methods over the last two decades has enabled the monitoring of living cells and their interaction with the environment, including external stimuli, such as pharma-molecules.
This presentation emphasizes electrochemical and electrophysiological methods of detection and quantification but also makes a comparison to other bioanalytical approaches. Join us to discover a substantial diversity in methods used to monitor the transport of cell metabolites, crucial for cell survival, and pharmaceutical compounds, involved in cell characteristics such as drug resistance.
Key Topics Include:
- Understanding transmembrane molecule transport through bioanalytical methods
- Electrochemical approaches to monitor molecule transport across cell membranes
- What bioanalytical and especially electrochemical approaches can reveal
- Challenges associated with instrument limitations
Exploring Predictive Biomarkers and ERK1/2 Phosphorylation: A New Horizon in ...InsideScientific
In this webinar, Dr. Victor Arrieta highlights the link between p-ERK activation and improved survival in rGBM patients using anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
Recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) has displayed a varied response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, necessitating the identification of predictive biomarkers. Through extensive analyses and 3 clinical studies, we have identified that activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, particularly ERK1/2 phosphorylation (p-ERK), is associated with longer overall survival (OS) in rGBM patients receiving PD-1 blockade. Initially, enrichment of BRAF/PTPN11 mutations was reported in 30% of responsive rGBM patients, prompting the investigation of p-ERK as a potential marker beyond these mutations.
Our research has unraveled an association between p-ERK abundance and better clinical outcomes following PD-1 blockade, with p-ERK mainly localized in tumor cells. Notably, high p-ERK GBMs contained unique microglia and macrophage phenotypes with elevated MHC class II expression, suggesting a novel interplay between MAPK activation and the tumor immune microenvironment.
While these insights establish a pivotal role for p-ERK in predicting PD-1 blockade response in rGBM, the implementation in clinical settings calls for further validation and accuracy. Nonetheless, these findings pave the way for more personalized and effective immunotherapy strategies, emphasizing the significance of the tumor microenvironment and its interaction with therapeutic interventions in GBM.
Key Topics Include:
- The activation of the MAPK signaling pathway, specifically ERK1/2 phosphorylation (p-ERK), is identified as a predictive biomarker for longer overall survival in recurrent glioblastoma (eGBM) patients undergoing PD-1 blockade
- High p-ERK tumors in rGBM present a distinct myeloid cell phenotype with elevated MHC class II expression, signifying a connection between MAPK pathway activation and the immune microenvironment
- The implementation of p-ERK as a predictive biomarker in clinical settings requires further validation and exploration of variables impacting its evaluation
Exploring Estrogen’s Role in Metabolism and the Use of 13C-Labeled Nutrients ...InsideScientific
Dr. Reilly Enos and Dr. Eran Levin discuss estrogen's metabolic impact and how isotopic labeling and 13C-labeled nutrients can be used for animal physiology and nutrition research.
Reilly Enos, PhD – Harnessing the power of estrogen to regulate metabolic processes
Dr. Reilly Enos’ research focuses on the role that sex steroids and their receptors play in regulating metabolic processes, particularly in the setting of obesity. In this webinar, Dr. Enos will discuss his research on tissue-specific fluctuations of sex steroids throughout the estrous cycle in mice, provide insights into the importance of the quantity of estrogen necessary to impact physiological processes, as well as an understanding of the central versus peripheral effects of estrogen action.
Eran Levin, PhD – Unlocking Insights: Utilizing 13C Labeled Nutrients for Cutting-Edge Physiology and Nutrition Research
Dr. Eran Levin will discuss the potential of using 13C-labeled nutrients in physiology and nutrition research in animal models. Specifically, he will share practical tips for designing and conducting experiments using isotopic labeling techniques and demonstrate how they can provide unprecedented insights into metabolic pathways, nutrient utilization, and behaviors in both vertebrate and invertebrate models including insects, reptiles, and mammals.
Key Topics Include:
- The role that estrogen plays in regulating metabolic and behavioral processes in males and females
- The tissue-specific fluctuations of sex steroids throughout the estrous cycle
- Insight into the importance of tissue-specificity in developing hormonal therapies
- The importance of estrogen quantity in regulating physiological processes
- Understand the diverse range of 13C labeled nutrients available
- Specific applications of labeled amino acids in studies of protein metabolism, cellular signaling, and typical nutrient utilization
- How to integrate 13C labeling techniques with respirometry for a comprehensive assessment of metabolic processes, energy expenditure, and substrate utilization in animal models
- How to calculate metabolic rates in free-flying animals using 13C bicarbonate
Longitudinal Plasma Samples: Paving the Way for Precision OncologyInsideScientific
Experts present a cell-free plasma biobank and describe the role of longitudinal plasma samples for cancer research, disease monitoring, and biomarker development.
Through liquid biopsies, it is now possible to repeatedly and non-invasively interrogate the molecular landscape of solid tumors via a blood draw over the whole treatment course. Until now, liquid biopsies can be used for screening, disease monitoring and prognosis. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been the most explored targets in this technology for commercial applications up to the present time.
In collaboration with a continuously expanding oncology network, Indivumed Services has established a unique high-quality cell-free plasma biobank that is exclusively focused on collecting longitudinal whole blood samples from cancer patients. This allows molecular insight by providing quick access to longitudinal plasma from cancer patients that have undergone treatment. ctDNA can then be isolated from longitudinal cell-free plasma to allow for monitoring of disease progression by providing diagnostic and prognostic information, potentially in real time.
Key Topics Include:
- Gain insights into Indivumed Services’ longitudinal plasma collection process
- Understand the advantages and benefits of utilizing longitudinal plasma samples for cancer research
- Explore applications of longitudinal plasma samples for biomarker research and development of companion diagnostics
Fully Characterized, Standardized Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Line an...InsideScientific
In this webinar, experts present a standardized stem cell line and its differentiation into neural cells for disease modeling and assay development.
Reproducible research with human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) depends on thoroughly characterized and quality-controlled cell lines. In this webinar, Dr. Andrew Gaffney and Dr. Erin Knock from STEMCELL Technologies describe the generation of a standardized induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line. Developed with the upcoming ISSCR Standards Initiative characterization guidelines in mind, this highly characterized line is karyotypically stable, demonstrates trilineage differentiation potential, and expresses undifferentiated cell markers. Further, STEMCELL has developed a highly pure, ready-to-use neural progenitor cell product expressing PAX6 and SOX1 over multiple passages.
Dr. Knock shows how these multipotent cells are suitable for customized downstream differentiation to various CNS cell types, such as forebrain neurons, midbrain neurons, and astrocytes. These progenitor cells are the ideal controls for standardizing downstream differentiation protocols, modeling diseases, and assay development.
Key Topics Include:
- Discover how STEMCELL’s induced pluripotent stem cell lines are derived and characterized
- Learn how to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cell lines into all three germ layers
- Explore the features of STEMCELL’s neural progenitor cell product
- Differentiate neural progenitor cells into a variety of neural cell types, including neurons and glia
How to Create CRISPR-Edited T Cells More Efficiently for Tomorrow's Cell Ther...InsideScientific
Ian Foster and Steven Loo-Yong-Kee discuss Artisan Bio's STAR-CRISPR system for optimized gene editing in cell therapy, with a focus on the genetifc modification of T cells for cancer immunotherapy.
Cell therapy is an emerging field with great promise for the treatment of various diseases. One of the most exciting areas of cell therapy is the use of T cells that have been genetically modified to recognize and kill cancer cells. While the use of T cells for cancer immunotherapy has tremendous promise, there is still room for improvement. The efficiency, expansion, and functionality of T cells can be enhanced by genetic modification using the STAR-CRISPR system.
Artisan Bio is a biotechnology company focused on developing a CRISPR-mediated editing platform to improve the efficacy and safety of cell therapy products. In this webinar, we will provide a comprehensive overview of Artisan Bio’s STAR-CRISPR system, which is designed to improve the specificity and efficiency of gene editing for cell therapies. We will explain the system’s key components and how we are using a risk-based approach to optimize and validate the editing platform. The webinar will focus on Artisan Bio’s approach to building T cell OS/APPS through iterative improvements to achieve best-in-class editing capabilities and improved cell health metrics.
Key Topics Include:
- Learn about Artisan Bio’s proprietary high-performance STAR-CRISPR system for improving the specificity and efficiency of gene editing for cell therapies
- Explore Artisan Bio’s risk-based, systems approach to technology development, including how to implement Design of Experiments (DoE) and Quality by Design (QbD) principles to optimize and validate any process
- Case study of the application of QbD to Artisan Bio’s STAR-CRISPR platform to edit T cells for cancer immunotherapy with preliminary data showing improved efficacy, expansion, and functionality
Peripheral and Cerebral Vascular Responses Following High-Intensity Interval ...InsideScientific
Dr. Bert Bond and Max Weston will present an overview on their study investigating the effects high-intensity interval exercise has on cerebrovascular health.
Physical activity reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and dementia. This benefit cannot be explained by changes in traditional CVD risk factors alone, and direct improvements in vascular health are thought to play a key role. However, our understanding of how exercise can be optimized for improvements in blood-vessel health is limited.
High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is known to improve peripheral vascular function, and there is a growing interest in the effects of HIIE on cerebrovascular health. However, it is not clear whether the acute improvements in peripheral vascular function following HIIE are also seen in the major blood-vessels of the brain.
In the Bond lab’s study, 30 minutes of HIIE completed at both 75% and 90% V̇O2max improved peripheral vascular function 1 and 3h following exercise in healthy young adults, compared with work-matched continuous moderate-intensity exercise and a sedentary control condition. By contrast, cerebrovascular function was unchanged following all conditions. This is the first study to identify that acute improvements in peripheral vascular function following high-intensity interval exercise are not mirrored by improvements in cerebrovascular function in healthy young adults.
Leveraging Programmable CRISPR-Associated Transposases for Next-Generation Ge...InsideScientific
Dr. Sam Sternberg discusses a novel CRISPR-Cas9 system using programmable, RNA-guided transposase, and highlights its implications for kilobase-scale genome engineering in cell and gene therapies.
The utility of programmable, RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas systems in genome engineering continues to evolve. Nature has afforded scientists novel and diverse gene editing functionality, from nuclease-dependent CRISPR-Cas9 to second-generation base and prime editors that do not produce double-strand breaks.
In this webinar, Dr. Sam Sternberg describes a new CRISPR-Cas9 paradigm relying on nuclease-deficient bacterial transposons that catalyze RNA-guided integration of mobile genetic elements into the genome. The discovery of a fully programmable, RNA-guided transposase lays the foundation for kilobase-scale genome engineering with broad applications for developing cell and gene therapies.
Key Topics Include:
- The basics of first- and second-generation CRISPR-Cas technologies from a scientist at the forefront of their development
- Mechanisms, accommodation, and cell type diversity of CRISPR-Cas programmable transposition
- How transposase factor coordination enables highly specific, genome-wide DNA integration to target sites
- Implications of programmable transposases that obviate the need for DNA double-strand breaks and homologous recombination
Simple Tips to Significantly Improve Rodent Surgical OutcomesInsideScientific
Dr. Marcel Perret-Gentil presents six simple-to-implement techniques to significantly improve surgical outcomes.
You may feel proficient, even confident in performing rodent surgery; however, you may be surprised how simple improvements can have a huge impact to your animal’s recovery and data. The presentation is designed for individuals who have minimal or no rodent surgical skills but is also a great opportunity for those with considerable experience wanting to improve outcomes as well as teach such key principles.
Key Topics Include:
- Improve surgical outcomes that will lessen post-op morbidity and mortality
- Improve data yield after rodent surgery
- Implementation of key principles into a rodent surgical program
Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in the Post-COVID Landscape: Detection a...InsideScientific
A world-wide spread of the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has triggered a pandemic and generated over 600 million reported cases around the globe. A substantial portion of patients who suffered Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have not recovered completely but continue to experience lingering symptoms for months to years. This novel clinical syndrome has been termed Long COVID or Post-acute Sequalae of COVID-19 (PASC).
Observational studies have indicated that in about one third of cases PASC can be associated with cardiovascular (CV) autonomic dysfunction including postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, reflex syncope and microvascular dysfunction. The presence of CV autonomic dysfunction in PASC is important to detect since although frequently overlooked, it may be effectively treated in contrast to many other Long COVID-related symptoms.
This webinar highlights CV dysautonomia as a specific sequalae of acute COVID-19 and guides the audience in the diagnostic work-up of PASC patients with suspected cardiovascular complications.
Creating Better Gene-Edited Cell Lines with the FAST-HDR SystemInsideScientific
Cell lines are the core of biological research. Scientists need cell lines for drug development, basic biology research, safety testing, and biologic therapeutic production. Since the 1980s, genetic manipulation has allowed researchers to tailor cell lines to the experiment or production purpose. Over time, the requirements for these cell lies have risen. In many cases, the cells require multiple genetic edits and must produce data that passes FDA. Moreover, the current funding environment often requires rapid delivery of these cells so scientists can produce data to support further budget and/or investment. This is particularly acute for knock-in cell lines. Current technologies may take months to complete a cell line, allow a limited number of edits, and often have off-target effects that are not suitable for FDA filings. ExpressCells uses its patented FAST-HDR plasmid--along with CRISPR, to address these problems. The FAST-HDR process can precisely knock-in multiple genes (while supporting other types of genetic modifications), ensure precise placement of these edits, and deliver them months faster than competing technologies.
This webinar will discuss the basis of the FAST-HDR technology and illustrate several uses. The first part is a presentation by Oscar Perez-Leal, MD, the inventor of the technology. Oscar will discuss the problems he faced as a researcher and how FAST-HDR was designed to address them. He will outline the details of the technology, the history of its development, and several examples where he used FAST-HDR. The second part is a conversation with Jon Weidanz, PhD. Jon will outline the challenges he faced at AbeXXa and how he selected a FAST-HDR custom cell line for his project. He'll outline the learnings from using this cell line, some of which were unexpected, but valuable to future development.
By attending this program, attendees will:
- Understand the current challenges in creating custom gene-edited cell lines
- Know the technology underlying the FAST-HDR gene-editing system, including its use with CRISPR
- Be able to describe the advantages of the FAST-HDR system
- Learn about several case studies using gene-edited cell lines
Functional Recovery of the Musculoskeletal System Following Injury - Leveragi...InsideScientific
Watch Dr. Sarah Greising discuss the current pathophysiologic understanding of the skeletal muscle remaining following traumatic musculoskeletal injuries.
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries result in the abrupt loss of skeletal muscle fibers, causing chronic functional disability in part due to limited muscle regeneration and vast co-morbidities. With a focus on clinically relevant outcome measurements for skeletal muscle function in both small and large animal models of VML injury, this webinar presents various near-term interventions for the restoration of tissue function following complex injuries. Interventions evaluated focus on regenerative rehabilitation approaches using regenerative pharmaceuticals to correct underlying muscle pathophysiology.
Designing Causal Inference Studies Using Real-World DataInsideScientific
In this webinar, experts provide an overview of causal inference, along with step-by-step guidance to designing these studies using real-world healthcare data.
Causal inference is used to answer cause and effect research questions and yield estimates of effect. Causal study design considerations and statistical methods address the effects of confounding variables and other potential biases and allow researchers to answer questions such as, “Does treatment A produce better patient outcomes compared to Treatment B?”
Causal study interpretations have traditionally been restricted to randomized controlled trials; however, causal inference applied to observational healthcare data is growing in importance, driven by the need for generalizable and rapidly delivered real-world evidence to inform regulatory, payer, and patient/provider decision making. The application of causal inference methods leads to stronger and more powerful evidence. When these techniques are applied to observational data, the results generated are both from and for the real world.
Presenters walk through several real-world case studies including the PCORI-funded BESTMED study and a collaborative study with a prominent pharmacy payer.
Social Media Data: Opportunities and Insights for Clinical ResearchInsideScientific
Many new data are emerging in recent years - real time data is collected through digital health technologies, including apps and wearables, monitoring data, social media data, public datasets, and patient organization data, in addition to primary and secondary datasets.
Real life data are highly informative and can be used to address a range of challenges throughout the product life cycle. Data from social media can generate valuable insights as patients often gather in digital communities to get answers and share their experiences. Conversations on social networks merit special consideration as they can have real world influence over treatment management decisions.
Social media data can reveal the motivations that impact patient healthcare decisions and behaviors through each stage of the care pathway. These data provide both the patient and caregiver perspectives at the same time. For this reason, conversations on social networks offer an opportunity to deepen our understanding on:
- The fears and hopes associated with patient treatments
- Daily needs and difficulties patients are facing in managing their disease
- The impact of disease on patient health related quality of life
- Identification in real life of the stages of the care pathway and patient perceptions
- Reactions to health policies
Watch this webinar for insights on how to collect, use, analyze, and interpret social media data in different contexts. Our experts share knowledge from over fifteen years of successfully developing and adapting algorithms to treat this kind of data.
We Are More Than What We Eat Dietary Interventions Depend on Sex and Genetic ...InsideScientific
To learn more visit: https://insidescientific.com/webinar/we-are-more-than-what-we-eat-dietary-interventions-depend-on-sex-and-genetic-background/
Despite evidence that sex and genetic background are key factors in the response to diet, most studies of how diet regulates metabolic health and even longevity in mice examine only a single strain and sex.
Using multiple strains and both male and female mice, Dr Lamming's team has found that improvements in metabolic health and in longevity in response to reduced levels of protein or specific amino acids strongly depend on sex and strain. While some phenotypes were conserved across strains and sexes, including increased glucose tolerance and energy expenditure, they observed high variability in adiposity, insulin sensitivity, and circulating hormones. Using a multi-omics approach, they identified mega-clusters of differentially expressed hepatic genes, metabolites, and lipids associated with each phenotype, gaining new insight into role of the energy balance hormone FG21 in the response to protein restriction.
Antibody Discovery by Single B Cell Screening on Beacon®InsideScientific
Amy Sheng, PhD provides an overview of antibody screening platforms and presents applications and case studies using the Beacon® platform for antibody discovery.
Single B cell screening is a powerful and efficient strategy for generating antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies. Distinguished with fluorescence-activated B cell sorting, the Beacon® platform is based on plasma cell screening, making it easier to obtain antibody genes.
The Beacon® single-cell optofluidic system combines a unique optoelectro positioning (OEP) technology with novel microfluidic technology. It can be used to accurately select single cells on a chip, perform multiple single-cell assays, and export target cells based on specific results. The Beacon® optofluidic platform preserves the diversity of B cells, generating high-quality positive hits at an early stage of discovery and avoiding the loss of “good clones”.
Key Topics Include:
- B cell differentiation and development
- Pros and cons of mainstream antibody screening platforms
- Mechanisms, applications, and case studies using the Beacon® platform for antibody screening
- Sino Biological’s capacity using the Beacon® platform
Experimental Design Considerations to Optimize Chronic Cardiovascular Telemet...InsideScientific
Phil Griffiths, PhD, presents a summary of chronic cardiovascular telemetry studies and considerations for experimental design.
Ensuring you collect the best and most physiologically accurate data from your chronic telemetry experiments requires careful planning and experimental design. This webinar will give an insight into the practical aspects of designing chronic animal experiments to set you on the best path for success. The benefits of chronic studies, how to select the most appropriate sample size for your study, some basic tips and tricks for data acquisition and handling, and how to ensure high animal welfare are discussed.
Key Topics Include:
- What are the benefits of chronic over acute studies?
- How to decide the best sample sizes and the length of experiments?
- Basic tips for data acquisition and handling
- How to maintain high animal welfare standards
Strategic Approaches to Age-Related Metabolic Insufficiency and Transition in...InsideScientific
In this webinar, Dr. Dennis Turner delves into dementia syndrome, the metabolic changes that occur, and the importance of proper physiological monitoring of animal models.
Brain metabolism transforms with normal aging, and transient, dynamic metabolic insufficiency may underlie critical progression from aging into dementia syndrome and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Age-related brain metabolism balances vascular-related substrate supply and transport mechanisms into extracellular space to neurons with cellular metabolic needs and utilization. Dynamic metabolic insufficiency can occur when there is intermittent supply-demand mismatch.
Adequacy of neurovascular coupling to provide sufficient cerebral blood flow (CBF) to meet neuronal demand in vivo in a mouse AD model, compared to aged controls were studied. Dr. Turner’s lab analyzed the response to maximal neuronal metabolic demands, spreading depression and anoxia, using imaging, CBF measurements, and oxygen and glucose levels. These in vivo studies require human-similar anesthesia conditions, through monitoring temperature, blood pressure/pulse oximetry, and respiration, to maintain homeostasis. The lab confirmed abnormal neurovascular coupling in a mouse model of AD in response to these metabolic challenges, showing disruption much earlier in dementia than in equivalently aged individuals. Chronic metabolic treatments could influence dementia syndrome progression.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
The Wonderful World of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)
1. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Janine Mauzeroll, PhD
Professor of Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
McGill University
The Wonderful World of
Scanning Electrochemical
Microscopy (SECM)
2. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
The Wonderful World of
Scanning Electrochemical
Microscopy (SECM)
Dr. Janine Mauzeroll discusses the
fundamentals, critical experimental
parameters and recent applications for
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM).
3. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Janine Mauzeroll, PhD
Professor of Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
McGill University
The Wonderful World of
Scanning Electrochemical
Microscopy (SECM)
Copyright 2021 J. Mauzeroll and InsideScientific. All Rights Reserved.
4. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Piled Higher and Deeper by Jorge Cham www.phdcomics.com
title: "Thesis writing" - originally published 11/5/1999
4
Strange what also applies to talks…..
7. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Bulk Diffusion
Feedback mode
(Insulating surface)
Feedback mode
(Conductive surface)
Substrate generation –
tip collection
Tip generation –
substrate collection
Redox competition Direct mode Potentiometric
mode
7
Janine Mauzeroll
Modes of SECM
8. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
x
z
y
8
Janine Mauzeroll
Scanning Electrochemical Microscope
9. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
• The rate of electrochemical reactions (v) is monitored through
currents measured at the microelectrode (i).
• We can study the substrate’s electrochemical reactivity in this way.
9
Janine Mauzeroll
SECM Principle
10. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
• In electrochemistry, we control ΔGRXN using Eapplied
Product
Reactant
Oxidation A A+ + e
Transition
State
10
Janine Mauzeroll
Controlling Charge Transfer
11. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
v = Rate of electrochemical reactions
i = Microelectrode currents
n = # of electrons
F = Faraday’s constant
A = electrode area
1) Rate of electron transfer
2) Rate of mass transport
11
Janine Mauzeroll
What Do I Need to Know to Quantify the Current?
12. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
F = Faraday’s constant
A = Electrode area
k0 = Standard rate constant
CO(0,t) ; CR(0,t) = Surface concentrations of species O,R
α = Transfer coefficient
E – E0’ = Overpotential (driving force applied)
12
Janine Mauzeroll
• Reaction kinetics at an electrode
surface follow the Butler-Volmer
relationship
Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rate
13. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems 13
Janine Mauzeroll
Mass Transport in the Electrolyte
14. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Mass transport in electrolyte
Electrode kinetics
Butler-Volmer:
First order kinetics:
Concentration boundaries
14
Janine Mauzeroll
Finite Element Modeling is Required in SECM
15. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Normalized Electrode current is a function of L, Rg, κ
κ
C. Lefrou and R. Cornut, ChemPhysChem, 11, 547 (2010)
Probe Approach Curve Analytical Approximations
16. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Positive FB
Negative FB
16
Janine Mauzeroll
Tracking Substrate Reactivity using SECM
17. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Red Ox
L (tip-substrate distance)
NiT (tip current)
e-
e-
17
Janine Mauzeroll
Substrates with Finite Kinetics
18. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Classical Probes
Multifunctional Probes
Danis, L.; Mauzeroll, J. et. al.
Anal. Chem. 2015. p 2565
Danis, L.; Mauzeroll, J. et. al.
Anal. Chem. 2015. p 2565
Katemann, B. B.; Schuhmann W.
ElectroAnalysis 2002. p 22
Walsh, D. A.; Bard, A. J.; et. al.
Anal. Chem. 2005. p 5182
19. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Polcari, D.; Dauphin-Ducharme, P.; Mauzeroll J., Chem. Rev., 116, 13234 (2016)
Application Fields of SECM
20. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Cancer Cells
Batteries
Corrosion
20
Janine Mauzeroll
Three Short Stories
21. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Expression and Functional Activity of Multidrug
Resistance-Associated Protein 1 using SECM
Polcari, D.; Mauzeroll, J. et al., Anal. Chem., 89, 8988 (2017).
Kuss, S.; Mauzeroll, J. et al., Anal. Chem., 87, 8096 (2015).
Kuss, S.; Mauzeroll, J. et al., Anal. Chem., 87, 8102 (2015).
Kuss1, Polcari1 et al., PNAS 110, 9249 (2013)
22. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Drug-Sensitive Cancer Cell
(Ex: HeLa Cells)
Multidrug Resistant Cancer Cell
(Ex: HeLa-R Cells)
22
Janine Mauzeroll
Multidrug Resistance (MDR)
23. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Drug-Sensitive Cancer Cell
(Ex: HeLa Cells)
MDR Cancer Cell
(Ex: HeLa-R Cells)
0.05 µM 0.10 µM
Untreated 0.05 µM 0.10 µM
Untreated
Drug Challenge
Janine Mauzeroll 25
25. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
No Interaction Negative Feedback
Diffusion into Cell Positive Feedback
Measuring MRP1 Activity
Janine Mauzeroll 25
26. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
• Extract tip to substrate distance, L,
at each image pixel
• Then extract heterogeneous kinetics , κ,
at each image pixel
Two Step Process Convolution
Janine Mauzeroll 26
27. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
(cm
s
-1
)
Effect of Pattern Size
Polcari, D.; Mauzeroll, J. et al., Anal. Chem., 89, 8988 (2017)
28. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
(cm
s
-1
)
Time-Lapse Imaging
Polcari, D.; Mauzeroll, J. et al., Anal. Chem., 89, 8988 (2017)
29. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Polcari, D.; Mauzeroll, J. et al., Anal. Chem., 89, 8988 (2017)
Activity of Six Different Cell Populations
30. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Cancer Cells
Batteries
Corrosion
30
Janine Mauzeroll
Three Short Stories
31. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Localized Investigations of the Electrochemical
Properties of Lithium Battery Materials Using
Micropipette
Dayeh, M.; Snowden, M. E.; Ghavidel, M.; Payne, N.;
Gervais, S.; Mauzeroll, J.; Schougaard, S. B.
Journal of Power Sources 2016, 325, 682-689.
ChemElectroChem, 2019, 6, 195–201
Analytical Chemistry 2019, 91(24), 15718-15725
Analytical Chemistry 2020, 92, 10908-10912.
32. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Malak Dayeh
1 μm 1 μm
1 μm
Are all battery particles created equal?
32
33. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
20 µm
Single particle battery
Measuring Isolated Active Particles
33
34. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
i
(pA)
E (V) vs. Li/Li+
distance (μm)
i
(μA)
distance (μm)
i
(μA)
Approach
Land
Retract
Measure
Scanning Micropipette Contact Method
34
35. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
i
(pA)
E (V) vs. Li/Li+
distance (μm)
i
(μA)
distance (μm)
i
(μA)
Approach
Land
Retract
Measure
Scanning Micropipette Contact Method
35
36. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Malak Dayeh
- Very low water and oxygen content (~ 1 ppm)
- The only gas present is Argon
Electrode
Pipette
Substrate
Development of SMCM in
Anaerobic Conditions
36
37. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Malak Dayeh
2μm
Journal of Power Sources 2016, 325, 682–689.
LiFePO4 Li+ + e- + FePO4
2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2
-20
-10
0
10
20 1 mV/s
5 mV/s
10 mV/s
20 mV/s
50 mV/s
Potential / V (vs. Li/Li+
)
Current
/
p
A
Epf
ipf
2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2
-600
-400
-200
0
200
400
600
Current
/
p
A
Potential / V (vs. Li/Li+
)
SMCM on Isolated LiFePO4 Active Particles
38. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Electrochemistry and Electron Microscopy
Malak Dayeh
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0
10
20
30
40
Particle Area (µm2
)
i
pf
(pA)
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
Q
f
(nC)
- Particle cross section areas obtained from SEM are compared to the forward (oxidation) peak
current and the integrated charge.
- A larger cross section area correlates to both a higher peak current and increased charge.
LiFePO4 Li+ + e- + FePO4
Journal of Power Sources 2016, 325, 682–689.
38
39. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
2 µm
i
2 µm
iii
2 µm
ii
Malak Dayeh
6%
27%
67%
0 100
Shifted
peak
Double
peak
Single
peak
Differences in
electrochemical
performances
Journal of Power Sources 2016, 325, 682–689.
Particles’ Heterogeneities
40. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems 40
Malak Dayeh
Summary
SMCM technique is:
Valuable tool for probing the localized electroactivity of
battery active material
Capable of detecting heterogeneity in material properties
distribution
❌Considered as a quality control tool for active material
fabrication, and monitoring batch-to-batch variations in
particle properties
� Particle volume still evaluated by external means
41. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Malak Dayeh
Future Direction: Two Diffusion Regimes
Journal of Power Sources 2010, 195(24), 7904-7929.
Li+
LFP
1
2
LiFePO4 Li+ + e- + FePO4
1: Transport of Li+ ions in electrolyte
2: Diffusion of Li+ ions within LFP particle
42. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Use SICM to measure porous film conductivity
Analytical Chemistry 2019, 91(24), 15718-15725
43. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
A composite cathode is a porous film
Analytical Chemistry 2019, 91(24), 15718-15725
44. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
SICM approach curve= film conductivity
Analytical Chemistry 2019, 91(24), 15718-15725
45. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
From Macro to Micro: Using Electrochemical
Methods to Investigate the Effect of Alloy
Chemistry on Corrosion
Gateman, S.M.; Stephens, L.I.; Perry, S.C.; Lacasse, R.; Schulz, R.;
Mauzeroll, J.
Nature Materials Degradation 2018, 2, 1-8.
Nature Materials Degradation 2019, 3, 25.
46. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
1. Stainless Steels have inclusions promoting corrosion
Janine Mauzeroll
Elemental Composition of SS 444
Fe Cr Mo Si Ni Nb Mn V Cu Ti
Supplier’s
Claim
79.9 17.07 1.89 0.17 0.24 0.307 0.28 0.1
1
0.063 0.15
Experimental
ICP-OES
79.54 17.3 1.93 -- 0.25 -- 0.3 0.1
1
0.08 --
Gateman, S. M., et al., npj Mater. Degrad, 2018, 2, 5.
47. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Extracting Kinetic Rate Constants Using FEM
Janine Mauzeroll
2.85 x 10-2 cm/s
0.2 x 10-2 cm/s
Gateman, S. M., et al., npj Mater. Degrad, 2018, 2, 5.
48. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
SS 444 is extremely corrosion resistant according to ASTM
standard PDP measurements, but is vulnerable to
localized corrosion.
Gathered experimental and theoretical evidence of a
microgalvanic coupling effect between the Ti/Nb rich
inclusions/precipitates and the surrounding metal matrix.
1. Conclusions
Janine Mauzeroll
1 cm
Gateman, S. M., et al., npj Mater. Degrad, 2018, 2, 5.
49. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
2. HVOF Thermal Spray Coatings Corrosion?
Janine Mauzeroll
T= ~2000 K
100 µm
100 µm
Struers, 2005, Metallographic
preparation of thermal spray coatings
50. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Tafel Analysis of Coatings: Active Corrosion
All tests were performed in 3.5 wt% NaCl at a scan rate of 0.167 mV/s. All coatings are
tested as received without the use of grinding/ polishing.
Janine Mauzeroll
Scan direction
Ecorr Anodic
Cathodic
Anodic
Cathodic
Gateman, S. M., et al., npj Mater. Degrad, 2018, 2, 5.
51. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Feedback Mode
Insulating substrate = Topography
Conductive Substrate = Topography + Reactivity
Insulator
Conductor
Janine Mauzeroll 61
X
52. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Minimal Passivation Detected using SECM
Janine Mauzeroll Gateman, S. M., et al., npj Mater. Degrad, 2018, 2, 5.
53. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Micro Polarization of a Single Powder Particle
Janine Mauzeroll Gateman, S. M., et al., npj Mater. Degrad, 2018, 2, 5.
54. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Linked the stainless steel thermal spray coating’s weak
corrosion resistance to the precursor powder
Identified regions of vulnerability across a single powder
particle using scanning electrochemical probe methods
Highlighted the power of using macro and micro
electrochemical methods to characterize load bearing
materials
Showcased the importance of powder metallurgy in
coating technologies
2. Conclusions
Janine Mauzeroll 54
55. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Janine Mauzeroll 55
Mineral oil:
Insulating
Hydrophobic
Colorless
OI-SMCM
3. Oil-Immersed Scanning Micropipette Contact Method
56. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Janine Mauzeroll
Mineral Oil Reduces Background Noise
2.2 pA in air
5.2 pA in humidified cell
1.35 pA in mineral oil
Background
noise
(pA)
Time
Current
Threshold
Time
A low background noise will reduce the risk of breaking
micropipette when landing.
57. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Janine Mauzeroll 57
OI-SMCM Ecorr Map Reveals Microscale Heterogeneities
20 μm
Al
20 μm
Fe
20 μm
58. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Janine Mauzeroll 58
Predict Galvanic Couples
610
608
5 μm
Fe-rich inclusion exhibits cathodic behavior relative to the Al
matrix area, which implies the surrounding Al will be consumed
as the anode in the galvanic couple with the inclusion.
59. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Janine Mauzeroll 59
OI-SMCM Icorr Map Exhibits Microscale Corrosion Kinetics
20 μm
60. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems Janine Mauzeroll 60
Microgalvanic Corrosion
13
12
30
29
Galvanic couples
Oxygen reduction on inclusion surface: cathodic branch (13 and 30).
Surrounding Al dissolution: the anodic branch (12 and 29).
Ecorr at the meeting points are more anodic relative to that of Al
matrix.
Therefore, the Al surrounding the Fe-rich inclusions is more
susceptible to corrosion.
61. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
3. Conclusions
Janine Mauzeroll 61
Oil-Immersed SMCM:
Allows for the use of highly evaporative electrolyte
solutions
Long-time stability for a large map
Expands the application of SMCM
63. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
Corrosion
Cancer Cells
Batteries
Spectroelectrochemistry
Catalysis
Biofilms
Enzyme Films
Polymer Films
Janine Mauzeroll
Final Thoughts…
63
65. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
BSc
(30)
Meng, B; Potts, K.; Robert, A.;
Lin M., Sifakis, J.; Gordon, J.
Chen, Y. ; Gateman, S.
Langlois-T., T; .Sangji, H.
Boudreau, C.; Vassileva, I.
Wei, X.; Mack, T.
Salvatore, D.; Kwan, A.
Yong, K.; St-Pierre, C.
Poirier, S.; Wezel, N.
Meyrignac, P.; Fabre, D.
Joliton, A.; Gariepy, V.
Bavencove, A.; Benlounes, K.
Dansereau, D.; Tieu, J.
Noel, J.; Pierre, J.
MSc/PhD
(18)
Dawkins, J.; Li, Y; Pan,
Y.; Moussa, S.
Odette, W.; Dayeh, M.
Danis, A.; Payne, N.
Mazurkiewicz, S.
Polcari, D;
Dauphin D., P.
Danis, L.; Kuss, S.
Mezour, A.;
Mayoral, M.
Beaulieu, I; Correia, L
Lukova, N.
PDF
(8)
Ghavidel, R.
Perry, S.
Noyhouzer, T.
Kuss, C
Snowden, M.
Mengesha , U.
Thrin, D.
Cornut, R.
Collaborators
(15)
S. Canesi (UQAM)
B Kraatz (UofT)
I. Halalay (GM)
E. Ruthazer, (McGill)
H. Sleiman, (McGill)
M. Geissler (NRC)
D. Bélanger (UQÀM)
M. Lafleur (UdeM)
M. Morin (UQÀM),
S. Schougaard (UQÀM)
D. Shoesmith, (UWO)
G. Botton, (McMaster)
R. Lacasse, (HQ)
R. Schulz, (HQ)
C. Heineman (HEKA)
66. Laboratory for Electrochemical Reactive
Imaging of Biological Systems
To Companies, Funding Agencies & Universities
$$ $$
Discovery, CRD
Strategic, Create &
UFA
Nouveau Chercheur
& Équipes
$$
68. Thanks for participating!
• Watch the webinar here:
The Wonderful World of Scanning
Electrochemical Microscopy
• Want to learn more about the technology?
Visit: www.elproscan.com
Editor's Notes
In the SECM experiment, the tip and sample (substrate) are immersed in a solution containing electrolyte, and an electroactive species (e.g. substance O at concentration CO* and with diffusion coefficient DO). The cell also contains auxiliary and reference electrodes.
Steady state
Conductor/insulator and implications for negative/positive feedback
Fixed tip-substrate distance
Local substrate reactivity
Not ideal but blurred
Multiple probes, one device. Reduced time and error.
Tandem techniques: SECM-AFM, SECM-SICM.
Broad variety of probe geometries.
Do expression and activity correlate?
Patterning facilitates microelectrode positioning and reduces experiment time
Allows for reproducible measurements
Fc induces an increase in GSH
Blebbing and apoptosis
Due to the inclusion’s square geometry, a 3D model was created and implemented to extract more precise values for local rate constants over the conductive inclusions and the passive film.
Comparing to pure negative feedback, the values reported over the passive film show difficulty the passive film has to regenerate the redox medaitor.
When approaching an inclusion however, the PAC is very similar to the current obtained over a pure conductive substrate.
This experiment tells us that our passive film is discontinuous over the inclusions and is therefore not protecting this vulnerable sites.
Important to extract local rate constants to compare values of that and the thermal spray coatings in later studies to come.
thermal spraying is a process in which molten, semi-molten or solid particles are deposited on a substrate. Consequently, the spraying technique is a way of generating a ‘stream’ of such particles. Coatings can be generated if the particles can plastically deform at impact with the substrate, which may only happen if they are molten or solid and sufficiently rapid. Their heating and/or acceleration are practical if they occur in a stream of gas.1 Thus, an academic classification of spray techniques is based on the way of generation of such streams.
Left SE-SEM image: shows gradient of porosity within the coatings
right BSE-SEM image: shows the hetergeneity of the coatings with dark oxide strings and lighter metallic particles.
Cooling is very fast in comparison to typical cooling rates
In High Velocity Oxy-Fuel Combustion spraying (HVOF) fuel gas and oxygen are fed into a chamber in which combustion produces a supersonic flame, which is forced down a nozzle increasing its veloc- ity. Powder of coating material is fed into this stream and the extreme velocity of the particles when hitting the substrate creates a very dense, strong coating (Fig. 5).
LEAD Question: The very high kinetic energy of the particles when striking the substrate ensures an adequate mechanical bond even without the particles being fully molten.
Hardness vs. bulk substrate
Hardness increases due to oxidization of the metal
Good wear applications
Low porosity
Minimal alteration of mechanical properties of substrate
**label cathodic and anodic branches**
When comparing the Tafel plots of the bulk vs. a coating, however, the coatings are much more active with a more negative Ecorr (~-470 mV vs. SCE) and show very different kinetic limitations in their cathodic/anodic branches.
The coatings seem to actively corrode, indicating the degradation mechanism of uniform corrosion.
We can recall that mechanical failure of components due to localized corrosion is catastrophic because the failure is usually rapid and unexpected. Uniform corrosion, in which the surface gradually degrades, is preferred because it is simpler to detect, predict, and often, to control.
We are interested as to why thermal spray coatings undergo a different degradation mechanism in comparison to the bulk material used to make the coatings. Undergo a significant change in thermal oxidization and forming Fe/Cr oxides along the surface, but also the material is in powder form.
Is this due to the HVOF thermal spray process or from powder fabrication processes?
3 electrode setup: with working electrode’s position controlled using 3D piezoelectric motors.
When approach the surface of the substrate, and in the presence of a redox mediator, information about local reactivity can be found.
Insulator: cannot regenerate the mediator, only information about topography
Conductor: regenerates the mediator, creates feedback loop. Topography and reactivity
The potential was scanned from -2 V to 0 V or until droplet instability (loss of surface tension) was observed via a loss of electrical connection at a scan rate of 100 mV/s. The micropipette was then retracted from the substrate’s surface by 10 μm, leaving the droplet of electrolyte residue from the previous measurement behind. A fresh micro droplet at the end of the tip is then exposed and moved to the next designated area where it is approached towards the surface at a rate of 1 μm/s until a spike in the WE’s current was measured.
The micro electrochemical behavior of the pure Mg and Al were first tested using SMCM. A minimum of five PDP measurements were collected at different points on each metal far away (>100 μm) from the intermetallic regions.
Solvent is ethylene glycol
The Mg-Al diffusion couple’s chemical composition was investigated using EPMA Back-Scattered Electron (BSE) image and WDS line scanning measurements (Figure 3). The interface between the two metals was imaged, where the darker part is lighter metal, Mg (right) and the brighter is heavier metal, Al (left). Rather than a smooth transition between Mg and Al, WDS line scans across the Mg-Al interface expose distinct intermetallic layers.
The diffusion depth of Al in the bulk Mg is only about 50 μm. The concentration of Al increases linearly from 0 to about 10 wt.%, which is the solubility limit of Al in Mg at 673 K.39 Two intermetallic phases, Mg17Al12 and Mg2Al3, are observed in 87 and 286 m thickness, respectively. As expected from the phase diagram, Al concentration in Mg17Al12 layer is progressively increasing with distance, while Al concentration in Mg2Al3 layer is nearly constant. Mg is diffused to bulk Al up to about 100 m depth.
Although all experiments were performed with caution to prevent noise, fluctuations in the pico range current were still present due to instrumental noise. All data was smoothed using a 100-point moving boxcar average (Figure 4A). All experiments were performed within the time limit of 40 min, i.e., the amount of time Ag/AgCl QRCEs have been reported to be stable for in 0.1 M LiCl electrolyte.42
Add the picture of david to the acknowldgemens as well as sam perry
In fact, this award is really a reflection of my team’s hard work.
I want to thank them all.
I am lucky to work with such creative, dynamic and politically incorrect people. We work hard, we have a lot of fun together and I could not ask for a better team.
I also acknowledge my precious collaborators and their students. We learn so much from their expertise. So we thanks them for this continued scientific education.
I want to acknowledge the companies, Funding Agencies and Universities that have provided the generous financial support to our team.
Without their sustained support, none of the infrastructure, operation funds, student and postdoctoral fellowships would be possible.
Without their sustained support none of our work would come to fuition.
But before I delve into the science, I would like to start off with a few acknowledgments.