Antibacterial Activity of Schiff Bases Derived from OrthoDiaminocyclohexane, Meta-Phenylenediamine and 1,6- Diaminohexane: Qsar Study with Quantum Descriptors
Schiff bases (SBs) are known to possess many biological activities. In this paper we will be interested in nine SBs derived from ortho-diaminocyclohexane, meta-phenylenediamine, 1,6-diaminohexane and benzaldehydes variously substituted by nitro group. We had synthesized, characterized and tested these molecules for their antibacterial properties. Herein our study focuses in particular on the determination of quantum descriptors on which observed antibacterial activity depends, in order to be able to predict biological activities in analogue molecule series. Using quantum chemistry methods at B3LYP / 6-31G (d, p) level, we determined for each molecules, theoretical antibacterial potentials that we correlated to the experimental ones. Calculation results showed that, the energy of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (EHOMO), electronegativity (χ) and electronic energy (E), are the best quantum descriptors related to the antibacterial activity values of studied molecules. The correlation coefficient R 2 indicates that 92.1% of the molecular descriptors defining this model are taken into account with a standard deviation of 0.152.The model significance is reflected by Fischer coefficient F = 7.721: Correlation coefficient of cross-validation = 0.88. This model is acceptable with . The values of the pCE50theo/pCE50exp values of the validation set tend to unity
Novel composite electrodes:Preparation and application to the electroanalytic...Université de Dschang
M. Tchieno Melataguia Francis Merlin a soutenu une thèse de Doctorat/Phd en Chimie Inorganique ce 06 juin 2016 dans la salle des conférences de l'Université de Dschang. A l'issue de cette soutenance devant le jury présidé par le Prof. Emmanuel Ngameni lui a décerné la mention très honorable à l'unanimité de ses membres.
Atomic force spectroscopy, a technique derived from Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), allowed us to distinguish nonspecific and specific interactions between the acetolactate synthase enzyme (ALS) and anti-atrazine antibody biomolecules and the herbicides imazaquin, metsulfuron-methyl and atrazine. The presence of specific interactions increased the adhesion force (Fadh) between the AFM tip and the herbicides, which made the modified tip a powerful biosensor. Increases of approximately 132% and 145% in the Fadh values were observed when a tip functionalized with ALS was used to detect imazaquin and metsulfuron-methyl, respectively. The presence of specific interactions between the atrazine and the anti-atrazine antibody also caused an increase in the Fadh values (approximately 175%) compared to those observed when using an unfunctionalized tip. The molecular modeling results obtained with the ALS enzyme suggest that the orientation of the biomolecule on the tip surface could be suitable for allowing interaction with the herbicides imazaquin and metsulfuron-methyl
This document reports on a conductometric study of several 1-1 electrolytes (potassium thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate) in the solvent 2-ethoxyethanol. Precise conductivity measurements were made at various temperatures. The data were analyzed using the 1978 Fuoss conductance equation to determine limiting molar conductivity, association constant, and cosphere diameter. Strong ion association was found for all electrolytes. The cations were substantially solvated by 2-ethoxyethanol while the anions had only weak interaction with the solvent molecules.
ModellingCommunityResponse_TanCK&OldhamC_Pt I pp85-97Chew Khun Tan
- The document describes a study that models the response of a periphyton community to variable copper exposure in laboratory simulations.
- The researchers developed a model using parameters like inertia (k), enhancement (f), decay (b), and suppression (g) to describe the positive and negative responses of the community to long and short-term copper exposures.
- They found the model fit the data well and was better than a traditional logistic model, especially for communities that showed positive responses initially. The model was also able to predict responses for communities not used to develop the model.
The document discusses a study that measured the electrical conductivity of solutions of sodium polystyrenesulphonate in mixed solvent systems of 2-ethoxyethanol and water at varying concentrations, temperatures, and solvent compositions. The results showed that equivalent conductivity increased slightly with decreasing polymer concentration. Equivalent conductivity also increased with increasing temperature and relative permittivity of the solvent system. However, the experimentally determined conductivities did not fully match what was predicted by Manning's counterion condensation theory. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
The document describes an experimental study that measured the electrical conductances of sodium polystyrenesulfonate solutions in mixed solvent media containing varying proportions of 2-ethoxyethanol and water, in the presence of sodium chloride at different temperatures. The conductance data is analyzed based on an equation developed to model conductivity of polyelectrolyte solutions with added salts. There is excellent agreement between experimental results and those predicted by the developed equation.
The document discusses how the electronic distribution of a drug molecule influences its biological activity and interactions with target sites. It introduces the Hammett constants which quantify electronic effects of substituents on aromatic rings. Hansch analysis attempts to mathematically relate drug activity to measurable chemical and physical properties using parameters like Hammett constants, molar refractivity, and steric factors. Craig plots provide a visual representation of substituent electronic properties.
The screening of chemical libraries with traditional methods, such as high-throughput screening (HTS), is expensive and time consuming. Quantitative structure–activity relation (QSAR) modeling is an alternative method that can assist in the selection of lead molecules by using the information from
reference active and inactive compounds. This approach requires good molecular descriptors that are representative of the molecular features responsible for the relevant molecular activity.
Novel composite electrodes:Preparation and application to the electroanalytic...Université de Dschang
M. Tchieno Melataguia Francis Merlin a soutenu une thèse de Doctorat/Phd en Chimie Inorganique ce 06 juin 2016 dans la salle des conférences de l'Université de Dschang. A l'issue de cette soutenance devant le jury présidé par le Prof. Emmanuel Ngameni lui a décerné la mention très honorable à l'unanimité de ses membres.
Atomic force spectroscopy, a technique derived from Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), allowed us to distinguish nonspecific and specific interactions between the acetolactate synthase enzyme (ALS) and anti-atrazine antibody biomolecules and the herbicides imazaquin, metsulfuron-methyl and atrazine. The presence of specific interactions increased the adhesion force (Fadh) between the AFM tip and the herbicides, which made the modified tip a powerful biosensor. Increases of approximately 132% and 145% in the Fadh values were observed when a tip functionalized with ALS was used to detect imazaquin and metsulfuron-methyl, respectively. The presence of specific interactions between the atrazine and the anti-atrazine antibody also caused an increase in the Fadh values (approximately 175%) compared to those observed when using an unfunctionalized tip. The molecular modeling results obtained with the ALS enzyme suggest that the orientation of the biomolecule on the tip surface could be suitable for allowing interaction with the herbicides imazaquin and metsulfuron-methyl
This document reports on a conductometric study of several 1-1 electrolytes (potassium thiocyanate, ammonium thiocyanate, sodium nitrate, ammonium nitrate) in the solvent 2-ethoxyethanol. Precise conductivity measurements were made at various temperatures. The data were analyzed using the 1978 Fuoss conductance equation to determine limiting molar conductivity, association constant, and cosphere diameter. Strong ion association was found for all electrolytes. The cations were substantially solvated by 2-ethoxyethanol while the anions had only weak interaction with the solvent molecules.
ModellingCommunityResponse_TanCK&OldhamC_Pt I pp85-97Chew Khun Tan
- The document describes a study that models the response of a periphyton community to variable copper exposure in laboratory simulations.
- The researchers developed a model using parameters like inertia (k), enhancement (f), decay (b), and suppression (g) to describe the positive and negative responses of the community to long and short-term copper exposures.
- They found the model fit the data well and was better than a traditional logistic model, especially for communities that showed positive responses initially. The model was also able to predict responses for communities not used to develop the model.
The document discusses a study that measured the electrical conductivity of solutions of sodium polystyrenesulphonate in mixed solvent systems of 2-ethoxyethanol and water at varying concentrations, temperatures, and solvent compositions. The results showed that equivalent conductivity increased slightly with decreasing polymer concentration. Equivalent conductivity also increased with increasing temperature and relative permittivity of the solvent system. However, the experimentally determined conductivities did not fully match what was predicted by Manning's counterion condensation theory. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
The document describes an experimental study that measured the electrical conductances of sodium polystyrenesulfonate solutions in mixed solvent media containing varying proportions of 2-ethoxyethanol and water, in the presence of sodium chloride at different temperatures. The conductance data is analyzed based on an equation developed to model conductivity of polyelectrolyte solutions with added salts. There is excellent agreement between experimental results and those predicted by the developed equation.
The document discusses how the electronic distribution of a drug molecule influences its biological activity and interactions with target sites. It introduces the Hammett constants which quantify electronic effects of substituents on aromatic rings. Hansch analysis attempts to mathematically relate drug activity to measurable chemical and physical properties using parameters like Hammett constants, molar refractivity, and steric factors. Craig plots provide a visual representation of substituent electronic properties.
The screening of chemical libraries with traditional methods, such as high-throughput screening (HTS), is expensive and time consuming. Quantitative structure–activity relation (QSAR) modeling is an alternative method that can assist in the selection of lead molecules by using the information from
reference active and inactive compounds. This approach requires good molecular descriptors that are representative of the molecular features responsible for the relevant molecular activity.
IPG (Immobilized pH Gradient) based separations are frequently
used as the first step in shotgun proteomics methods; it yields an
increase in both the dynamic range and resolution of peptide
separation prior to the LC-MS analysis. Experimental isoelectric
point (pI) values can improve peptide identifications in conjunction
with MS/MS information. Our group has previously reported the
possibility of identifying theoretically peptides and proteins based
on different experimental properties. Thus, accurate estimation
of the pI value based on the amino acid sequence becomes critical
to perform these kinds of experiments. Nowadays, pI is commonly
predicted using the charge-state model [3], and/or the co-factor
algorithm. However, none of these methods is capable of
calculating the pI value for basic peptides accurately. In this
manuscript, we present an new approach that can significant
improve the pI estimation, by using Support Vector Machines
(SVM), an experimental amino acid descriptor taken from the
AAIndex database and the isoelectric point predicted by the
charge-state model.
This document discusses QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship), which is a mathematical model that relates biological activity to physicochemical properties of molecules. QSAR can be used to predict activity of new compounds. Key parameters used in QSAR include hydrophobicity (measured by partition coefficient), electronic effects (Hammett constant), and steric effects (Taft's steric factor). These parameters influence drug absorption, distribution, and interactions with receptors. QSAR models take the form of biological activity = function(parameters) to develop relationships between activity and molecular properties.
This chapter discusses stoichiometry, including atomic masses, the mole concept, molar masses, percent composition of compounds, determining empirical and molecular formulas, writing and balancing chemical equations, and stoichiometric calculations involving amounts of reactants and products. Key aspects covered are determining the limiting reagent, using balanced equations to determine mole ratios, and calculating mass relationships in chemical reactions based on these mole ratios.
This study investigated the electrochemical oxidation of catechols in the presence of 4-amino-3-thio-1,2,4-triazole (3) using cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry. Results showed that catechols reacted with compound 3 via an intramolecular cyclization reaction to form 1,2,4-triazino[5,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives. The observed homogeneous rate constants for the Michael addition reaction were estimated by comparing experimental voltammograms to digitally simulated responses. The oxidation mechanism was proposed to follow an electron transfer-chemical reaction-electron transfer-chemical reaction pathway based on diagnostic criteria for
Dr. Manjoor Ahamad Syed is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry at Mettu University in Ethiopia. QSAR attempts to identify physicochemical properties of drugs that affect biological activity using a mathematical equation. Key physicochemical properties include hydrophobicity, electronic effects, and steric effects. QSAR involves synthesizing compounds to vary a property, plotting biological activity vs the property, and using linear regression to determine the best correlation line. The approach has been used to design many successful drug classes.
This document provides an introduction to quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). It defines QSAR as quantifying physicochemical properties of drugs to see their effect on biological activity. Graphs are used to plot activity versus properties, and regression analysis determines correlation. Key properties discussed are hydrophobicity, steric effects, and electronic effects. Hansch analysis uses equations to relate activity to multiple properties. Advantages are understanding structure-activity and enabling novel analog design. Limitations include potential for false correlations and need for large, high-quality datasets.
Insilico methods for design of novel inhibitors of Human leukocyte elastaseJayashankar Lakshmanan
Oral contributed paper “Insilico methods for design of novel inhibitors of Human leukocyte elastase” in the International conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics-2006
The document provides an overview of QSAR by Hansch analysis for predicting drug activity based on physicochemical properties. It discusses how graphs are used to correlate biological activity with properties like hydrophobicity, steric effects, and electronic effects. Regression analysis determines the correlation between activity and properties. Hansch equations combine multiple properties to predict activity. QSAR allows understanding relationships between structure and activity, aiding drug design by suggesting novel compounds. Limitations include need for property data and large sample sizes.
1. Dose response relationships can be represented by either graded or quantal curves, with graded curves showing a continuous response to varying doses and quantal curves showing the proportion of subjects responding at different doses.
2. Key features of dose response curves include the median effective dose (ED50) which produces a 50% response, potency which is measured by the dose required for 50% effect, and the therapeutic index which is the ratio of toxic to effective doses.
3. Both curve types provide information about a drug's potency but graded curves also indicate maximum efficacy while quantal curves show variability in individual responses.
A QSAR is a mathematical relationship between a biological activity of a molecular system and its geometric and chemical characteristics.
QSAR attempts to find consistent relationship between biological activity and molecular properties, so that these “rules” can be used to evaluate the activity of new compounds.
1. Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) uses mathematical models to correlate chemical descriptors of molecules to their biological activity.
2. Descriptors include physicochemical properties like hydrophobicity which can be measured experimentally.
3. QSAR allows medicinal chemists to predict activity of novel analogues and guide synthesis toward more active compounds.
This document discusses various applications of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) in drug research and development. It describes how QSAR can provide information on receptor sites from enzyme inhibition studies, help understand the importance of physicochemical properties like log P values, and enable the use of bioisosterism to modify compounds. QSAR has correctly predicted drug activity and toxicity and is useful in drug design before compounds are synthesized.
Poster - COMPARABILITY METHODS FOR BIOSIMILAR TESTING USING THE BIACORE T200 ...Melanie Verneret
The document describes methods for using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to compare the binding properties of proposed biosimilar products to reference products. SPR was used to assess potency and kinetics of trastuzumab binding to FcRI and bevacizumab binding to VEGF. Assays showed good linearity, accuracy, precision and ability to distinguish differences between biosimilars and references, making SPR suitable for biosimilar comparability studies.
The document discusses the electrochemical behavior of the synthetic food dye Sunset Yellow (E110) using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Voltammetric experiments were performed on a glassy carbon electrode in buffered aqueous solutions of Sunset Yellow at various pH values, concentrations, and scan rates. Both methods showed Sunset Yellow undergoes irreversible, diffusion-controlled oxidation and reduction processes. The peak potentials and currents from cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry showed good linear relationships with concentration, scan rate, and pH that can be used for analytical determination of Sunset Yellow levels. The study also indicates Sunset Yellow degrades during potential scanning.
This document discusses quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) parameters that are used to develop mathematical models relating a compound's molecular properties to its biological activity. It describes three main types of QSAR parameters: lipophilic parameters like partition coefficient and molar refractivity, electronic parameters like the Hammett constant, and steric parameters such as Taft's steric factor and Verloop steric parameter. Lipophilicity parameters measure a compound's affinity for lipid versus aqueous phases, while electronic and steric parameters account for effects of substituents on properties like ionization, polarity, and molecular bulkiness that influence biological interactions. Developing relationships between activity and these physicochemical parameters allows evaluation and design of new drug candidates.
The document discusses drug discovery and computer aided drug design. It describes the drug discovery process including target identification, lead identification, optimization and clinical trials. It also discusses various approaches to computer aided drug design such as structure based design, ligand based design, quantitative structure-activity relationships and 3D QSAR. Key methods covered include molecular modeling, docking, and the use of molecular descriptors and databases to aid the drug design process.
1. The document describes the synthesis of 10 compounds containing a quinazoline-4(3H)-one core structure with variations on the arylideneamino substituent.
2. The compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Some compounds showed similar activity against both types of bacteria, while others were more active against just one type.
3. A preliminary QSAR study was conducted using calculated molecular descriptors to explore the influence of different functional groups on the arylideneamino substituent on the compounds' antibacterial activities.
This chapter discusses carbocations, which are positively charged carbon-containing ions that are highly reactive intermediates in organic chemistry. Carbocations have six electrons in the outer shell of the central carbon atom. They are stabilized by electron-donating groups and destabilized by electron-withdrawing groups. Carbocations undergo various reactions including reactions with nucleophiles, elimination reactions, rearrangement reactions, and additions to unsaturated systems. Non-classical carbocations are also discussed.
1) The document describes research into a light-responsive azobenzene compound (compound 4) that can disrupt phospholipid membranes.
2) Compound 4 undergoes reversible trans-cis isomerization when exposed to UV or visible light. Testing showed the cis isomer is more membrane-interactive than the trans isomer.
3) Interactions between the cis/trans isomers and liposomes of different phospholipids were examined. The cis isomer caused more lysis than the trans isomer in all cases. This suggests compound 4 could be optimized for photodynamic therapy applications.
Oil Shale Ex-Situ Process - Leaching Study of Spent Shaleinventionjournals
During the past decade, significant advancement has been made on various extraction technologies to develop U.S. oil shale resources in an environmentally and economically sustainable fashion. This work has been driven by the increasing demand for domestic transportation fuels and the need to improve U.S. energy security. Although conventional hydrocarbon deposits are becoming more difficult to find and limited in volume, unconventional reserves are relatively easy to locate and plentiful. Hence, development of unconventional resources, particularly shale gas, oil sands, and shale oil continues to receive tremendous attention. The present work shows ex-situ process of oil shale in a five ton/day externally heated horizontal rotary reactor, and discuss the process parameters and yield. The main focus of this article is: A) Effect of reactor bed temperature, rotation speed and feed rate on the residence time, fuel consumption and process yield B) Hazardous environmental issue related to leaching of heavy metals and metalloids from spent shale by underground and/or surface water, which prevent further commercialization of this process. In addition, an Aspen diagram of the overall oil shale process is presented as ongoing work focusing on key mechanical issues that affect online reliability and process efficiency including particle size, bed temperature and solid/gas mixing efficiency.
Corelation between Central Corneal Thicknes, Gender and Age in Bulgarian Chil...inventionjournals
Introduction: The rapid growth and development suggest dynamics in various biometric indicators. Knowing the laws in their changes, as well as their relationship to and impact of other factors contribute to a thorough, fast and accurate interpretation during the diagnostic and treatment process Purpose: Determination of the statistically significant link between the biometric indicator central corneal thickness, gender and age in Bulgarian children. Material and Methods: The research covers 248 patients / 496 eyes / divided into four age groups: first / 0 to 1 years old / 70 children / 140 eyes / -32 girls and 38 boys; second / 1 to 3 years old / - 57 children / 114 eyes / - 31 girls and 26 boys; third / 3 to 7 years old / - 81 children / 162 eyes / - 40 girls and 41 boys; fourth / 7 to 15 years old / - 40 children / 80 eyes / -18 girls and 22 boys. The examinations were conducted for a period of 24 months with Ultrasonic pachimetry with PacScan300AP. Results: First group - test of Mann-Whitney/U = 1543, p = 0.694> 0.05/, no statistically significant difference between the average levels of CCT between genders. Second group - test of Mann-Whitney/U = 3001.5, p = 0.35 > 0.05/, no statistically significant difference between the average levels of CCT between genders. Third group - test of Mann-Whitney/U = 1543, p = 0.694 > 0.05/, no statistically significant difference between the average levels of CCT between genders. Fourth group - Independent Samples Test /t = 0.571, p = 0.571> 0.05/, no statistically significant difference between the average levels of CCT between genders. Kruscal-Wallis test shows that there is a statistically significant increase with increasing age in bought gender: Boys /X2 = 24.02, p<0.001 /><0.001/. Discussion: In the four groups of the study was not found statistically significant link between average central corneal thickness and gender. A correlation was found between central corneal thickness and age of the patients. CCT indicator in Bulgarian children increases from the age of six months to fifteen years.
IPG (Immobilized pH Gradient) based separations are frequently
used as the first step in shotgun proteomics methods; it yields an
increase in both the dynamic range and resolution of peptide
separation prior to the LC-MS analysis. Experimental isoelectric
point (pI) values can improve peptide identifications in conjunction
with MS/MS information. Our group has previously reported the
possibility of identifying theoretically peptides and proteins based
on different experimental properties. Thus, accurate estimation
of the pI value based on the amino acid sequence becomes critical
to perform these kinds of experiments. Nowadays, pI is commonly
predicted using the charge-state model [3], and/or the co-factor
algorithm. However, none of these methods is capable of
calculating the pI value for basic peptides accurately. In this
manuscript, we present an new approach that can significant
improve the pI estimation, by using Support Vector Machines
(SVM), an experimental amino acid descriptor taken from the
AAIndex database and the isoelectric point predicted by the
charge-state model.
This document discusses QSAR (quantitative structure-activity relationship), which is a mathematical model that relates biological activity to physicochemical properties of molecules. QSAR can be used to predict activity of new compounds. Key parameters used in QSAR include hydrophobicity (measured by partition coefficient), electronic effects (Hammett constant), and steric effects (Taft's steric factor). These parameters influence drug absorption, distribution, and interactions with receptors. QSAR models take the form of biological activity = function(parameters) to develop relationships between activity and molecular properties.
This chapter discusses stoichiometry, including atomic masses, the mole concept, molar masses, percent composition of compounds, determining empirical and molecular formulas, writing and balancing chemical equations, and stoichiometric calculations involving amounts of reactants and products. Key aspects covered are determining the limiting reagent, using balanced equations to determine mole ratios, and calculating mass relationships in chemical reactions based on these mole ratios.
This study investigated the electrochemical oxidation of catechols in the presence of 4-amino-3-thio-1,2,4-triazole (3) using cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential coulometry. Results showed that catechols reacted with compound 3 via an intramolecular cyclization reaction to form 1,2,4-triazino[5,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazine derivatives. The observed homogeneous rate constants for the Michael addition reaction were estimated by comparing experimental voltammograms to digitally simulated responses. The oxidation mechanism was proposed to follow an electron transfer-chemical reaction-electron transfer-chemical reaction pathway based on diagnostic criteria for
Dr. Manjoor Ahamad Syed is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry at Mettu University in Ethiopia. QSAR attempts to identify physicochemical properties of drugs that affect biological activity using a mathematical equation. Key physicochemical properties include hydrophobicity, electronic effects, and steric effects. QSAR involves synthesizing compounds to vary a property, plotting biological activity vs the property, and using linear regression to determine the best correlation line. The approach has been used to design many successful drug classes.
This document provides an introduction to quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). It defines QSAR as quantifying physicochemical properties of drugs to see their effect on biological activity. Graphs are used to plot activity versus properties, and regression analysis determines correlation. Key properties discussed are hydrophobicity, steric effects, and electronic effects. Hansch analysis uses equations to relate activity to multiple properties. Advantages are understanding structure-activity and enabling novel analog design. Limitations include potential for false correlations and need for large, high-quality datasets.
Insilico methods for design of novel inhibitors of Human leukocyte elastaseJayashankar Lakshmanan
Oral contributed paper “Insilico methods for design of novel inhibitors of Human leukocyte elastase” in the International conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics-2006
The document provides an overview of QSAR by Hansch analysis for predicting drug activity based on physicochemical properties. It discusses how graphs are used to correlate biological activity with properties like hydrophobicity, steric effects, and electronic effects. Regression analysis determines the correlation between activity and properties. Hansch equations combine multiple properties to predict activity. QSAR allows understanding relationships between structure and activity, aiding drug design by suggesting novel compounds. Limitations include need for property data and large sample sizes.
1. Dose response relationships can be represented by either graded or quantal curves, with graded curves showing a continuous response to varying doses and quantal curves showing the proportion of subjects responding at different doses.
2. Key features of dose response curves include the median effective dose (ED50) which produces a 50% response, potency which is measured by the dose required for 50% effect, and the therapeutic index which is the ratio of toxic to effective doses.
3. Both curve types provide information about a drug's potency but graded curves also indicate maximum efficacy while quantal curves show variability in individual responses.
A QSAR is a mathematical relationship between a biological activity of a molecular system and its geometric and chemical characteristics.
QSAR attempts to find consistent relationship between biological activity and molecular properties, so that these “rules” can be used to evaluate the activity of new compounds.
1. Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) uses mathematical models to correlate chemical descriptors of molecules to their biological activity.
2. Descriptors include physicochemical properties like hydrophobicity which can be measured experimentally.
3. QSAR allows medicinal chemists to predict activity of novel analogues and guide synthesis toward more active compounds.
This document discusses various applications of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) in drug research and development. It describes how QSAR can provide information on receptor sites from enzyme inhibition studies, help understand the importance of physicochemical properties like log P values, and enable the use of bioisosterism to modify compounds. QSAR has correctly predicted drug activity and toxicity and is useful in drug design before compounds are synthesized.
Poster - COMPARABILITY METHODS FOR BIOSIMILAR TESTING USING THE BIACORE T200 ...Melanie Verneret
The document describes methods for using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to compare the binding properties of proposed biosimilar products to reference products. SPR was used to assess potency and kinetics of trastuzumab binding to FcRI and bevacizumab binding to VEGF. Assays showed good linearity, accuracy, precision and ability to distinguish differences between biosimilars and references, making SPR suitable for biosimilar comparability studies.
The document discusses the electrochemical behavior of the synthetic food dye Sunset Yellow (E110) using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Voltammetric experiments were performed on a glassy carbon electrode in buffered aqueous solutions of Sunset Yellow at various pH values, concentrations, and scan rates. Both methods showed Sunset Yellow undergoes irreversible, diffusion-controlled oxidation and reduction processes. The peak potentials and currents from cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry showed good linear relationships with concentration, scan rate, and pH that can be used for analytical determination of Sunset Yellow levels. The study also indicates Sunset Yellow degrades during potential scanning.
This document discusses quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) parameters that are used to develop mathematical models relating a compound's molecular properties to its biological activity. It describes three main types of QSAR parameters: lipophilic parameters like partition coefficient and molar refractivity, electronic parameters like the Hammett constant, and steric parameters such as Taft's steric factor and Verloop steric parameter. Lipophilicity parameters measure a compound's affinity for lipid versus aqueous phases, while electronic and steric parameters account for effects of substituents on properties like ionization, polarity, and molecular bulkiness that influence biological interactions. Developing relationships between activity and these physicochemical parameters allows evaluation and design of new drug candidates.
The document discusses drug discovery and computer aided drug design. It describes the drug discovery process including target identification, lead identification, optimization and clinical trials. It also discusses various approaches to computer aided drug design such as structure based design, ligand based design, quantitative structure-activity relationships and 3D QSAR. Key methods covered include molecular modeling, docking, and the use of molecular descriptors and databases to aid the drug design process.
1. The document describes the synthesis of 10 compounds containing a quinazoline-4(3H)-one core structure with variations on the arylideneamino substituent.
2. The compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Some compounds showed similar activity against both types of bacteria, while others were more active against just one type.
3. A preliminary QSAR study was conducted using calculated molecular descriptors to explore the influence of different functional groups on the arylideneamino substituent on the compounds' antibacterial activities.
This chapter discusses carbocations, which are positively charged carbon-containing ions that are highly reactive intermediates in organic chemistry. Carbocations have six electrons in the outer shell of the central carbon atom. They are stabilized by electron-donating groups and destabilized by electron-withdrawing groups. Carbocations undergo various reactions including reactions with nucleophiles, elimination reactions, rearrangement reactions, and additions to unsaturated systems. Non-classical carbocations are also discussed.
1) The document describes research into a light-responsive azobenzene compound (compound 4) that can disrupt phospholipid membranes.
2) Compound 4 undergoes reversible trans-cis isomerization when exposed to UV or visible light. Testing showed the cis isomer is more membrane-interactive than the trans isomer.
3) Interactions between the cis/trans isomers and liposomes of different phospholipids were examined. The cis isomer caused more lysis than the trans isomer in all cases. This suggests compound 4 could be optimized for photodynamic therapy applications.
Oil Shale Ex-Situ Process - Leaching Study of Spent Shaleinventionjournals
During the past decade, significant advancement has been made on various extraction technologies to develop U.S. oil shale resources in an environmentally and economically sustainable fashion. This work has been driven by the increasing demand for domestic transportation fuels and the need to improve U.S. energy security. Although conventional hydrocarbon deposits are becoming more difficult to find and limited in volume, unconventional reserves are relatively easy to locate and plentiful. Hence, development of unconventional resources, particularly shale gas, oil sands, and shale oil continues to receive tremendous attention. The present work shows ex-situ process of oil shale in a five ton/day externally heated horizontal rotary reactor, and discuss the process parameters and yield. The main focus of this article is: A) Effect of reactor bed temperature, rotation speed and feed rate on the residence time, fuel consumption and process yield B) Hazardous environmental issue related to leaching of heavy metals and metalloids from spent shale by underground and/or surface water, which prevent further commercialization of this process. In addition, an Aspen diagram of the overall oil shale process is presented as ongoing work focusing on key mechanical issues that affect online reliability and process efficiency including particle size, bed temperature and solid/gas mixing efficiency.
Corelation between Central Corneal Thicknes, Gender and Age in Bulgarian Chil...inventionjournals
Introduction: The rapid growth and development suggest dynamics in various biometric indicators. Knowing the laws in their changes, as well as their relationship to and impact of other factors contribute to a thorough, fast and accurate interpretation during the diagnostic and treatment process Purpose: Determination of the statistically significant link between the biometric indicator central corneal thickness, gender and age in Bulgarian children. Material and Methods: The research covers 248 patients / 496 eyes / divided into four age groups: first / 0 to 1 years old / 70 children / 140 eyes / -32 girls and 38 boys; second / 1 to 3 years old / - 57 children / 114 eyes / - 31 girls and 26 boys; third / 3 to 7 years old / - 81 children / 162 eyes / - 40 girls and 41 boys; fourth / 7 to 15 years old / - 40 children / 80 eyes / -18 girls and 22 boys. The examinations were conducted for a period of 24 months with Ultrasonic pachimetry with PacScan300AP. Results: First group - test of Mann-Whitney/U = 1543, p = 0.694> 0.05/, no statistically significant difference between the average levels of CCT between genders. Second group - test of Mann-Whitney/U = 3001.5, p = 0.35 > 0.05/, no statistically significant difference between the average levels of CCT between genders. Third group - test of Mann-Whitney/U = 1543, p = 0.694 > 0.05/, no statistically significant difference between the average levels of CCT between genders. Fourth group - Independent Samples Test /t = 0.571, p = 0.571> 0.05/, no statistically significant difference between the average levels of CCT between genders. Kruscal-Wallis test shows that there is a statistically significant increase with increasing age in bought gender: Boys /X2 = 24.02, p<0.001 /><0.001/. Discussion: In the four groups of the study was not found statistically significant link between average central corneal thickness and gender. A correlation was found between central corneal thickness and age of the patients. CCT indicator in Bulgarian children increases from the age of six months to fifteen years.
Studies on Mortars and Concretes with Pozzolonic Admixtureinventionjournals
Due to the steep increase in the cost of cement which is the main building material commonly used, the constructional costs are going up. In the present contest of housing the millions, various programmes are getting upset because of the increased cost of constructions. In these contexts, various alternatives are being tried to be used as full or partial replacement of cement to reduce its cost. Pozzolime is one such material manufactured locally using lime and clay. Its cost nearby 1/3rd of that of cement. Though pozzolime has been put use by builders to certain extent, its strength properties are not well understood to relies its full potential and use, it is necessary to carryout detailed experimental studies on the strength properties of pozzolime in combination with cement. In the present experimental investigation, pozzolime is used as been partial replacement to cement in various proportions; specimens of mortars and concretes are cost and tested for compressive strength at different ages. The results are compared with those of the fly ash. The results indicate that desirable strength properties can be achieved in mortars and concretes by using pozzolime as partial replacement to cement. It may be concluded that cost affective mortars and concretes can be prepared using pozzolime admixture. This would help substantially in reducing the cost of construction.
The Krylov-TPWL Method of Accelerating Reservoir Numerical Simulationinventionjournals
Because of the large number of system unknowns, reservoir simulation of realistic reservoir can be computationally demanding. Model order reduction (MOR) technique represents a promising approach for accelerating the simulations. In this work, we focus on the application of a MOR technique called Krylov trajectory piecewise-linear (Krylov-TPWL). First, the nonlinear system is represented as a weighted combined piecewise linear system using TPWL method, and then reducing order of each linear model using Krylov subspace. We apply Krylov-TPWL method for a two-phase (oil-water) reservoir model which is solved by full implicit. The example demonstrates that which can greatly reduce the dimension of reservoir model, so as to reduce the calculation time and improve the operation speed.
Numerical Simulation of Flow in a Solid Rocket Motor: Combustion Coupled Pres...inventionjournals
Acomputational study is performed for the simulation of reactive fluid flow in a solid rocket motor chamber with pressure dependent propellant burning surface regression. The model geometry consists of a 2D end burning lab-scale motor. Complete conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy and species are solved with finite rate chemistry. The pressure dependent regressive boundary in the combustion chamber is treated by use of remeshing techniques. Hydrogen and propane combustion processes are examined. Time dependent pressure and burning rate variations are illustrated comprehensively. Temperature and species mass fraction variations are given within the flame zone. Temperature, velocity and density distributions are compared for both constant burning rate and pressure dependent burning rate simulations.
Should Astigmatism be Corrected until the Age of Three? Results of a Six-year...inventionjournals
The state of refraction in young children is important to be examined in order to prevent different eye diseases (amblyopia, strabismus, hordeolosis, blepharitis etc.). Part of these diseases may interfere with the normal development of a child, as well as they may affect the process of socialization. AIM: The aim of this study is to determine and follow-up aspheric refraction dynamics in children up to age three. Patients and Methods: The study covers 324 children (648 eyes) from Sofia city and Sofia district (Bulgaria), aged between 6 and 12 months at their first visit and refraction examination. 159 of them are girls (318 eyes) and 165- boys (330 eyes). The children are followed up in time. They are grouped in four age groups and divided by gender. The methods used are: photorefractometry with PlusoptiX S04; cycloplegia, retinoscopy and optical correction if needed; statistics. Results: Astigmatism changes with age (towards reducing); Diopters of astigmatism are most decreased in age between 12 and 18 months; There is no statistically significant difference in aspheric refraction between genders. Conclusion: PlusoptiX S04 photorefractometer is operational for children aged at least 5 months. This is a quite accurate method for determining the aspheric refraction in children without cycloplegia. It allows us to state that astigmatism reduces considerably with age
Shigellosis and Socio-Demography of hospitalized Patients in Kano, North-West...inventionjournals
Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalent of Shigellosis in relation to socio-demographic characteristics of hospitalized patients in Kano metropolis. Study design: The study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: One milliliter of venous blood was collected from each patient with some or all clinical features of Shigellosis that sign a consent form and transfer into EDTA bottles. If daily is unavoidable blood samples were stored at 4 0C. Samples were analyzed at the both laboratories of the authors. This work was carried out between May, 2012 and March, 2014. Methodology: The blood specimens were cultured in thioglycollate broth and sub-cultured onto deoxycholate citrate agar (DCA), Salmonella-Shigella agar (SSA) and brilliant Green agar (BGA) followed by confirmation of presumptive colonies using different biochemical tests and analytical profile index 20E. Serologic identification of Shigella was performed by slide agglutination test using polyvalent O and H Shigella antisera. Results: Although, the relationship between different age groups was not significantly associated (P < 0.05), patients under age bracket of 21-30 years were found to be more susceptible to Shigella infections with 13 representing 2.6% followed in that order by 11-20 years (6), , ≤10 -years (4) 31-40 years (3) and >40 years (2) age groups, representing 1.2%, 0.8%, 0.6% and 0.4% respectively. The frequency of shigellosis was highest in other patients (without occupation), patients with informal level of education, using tap water as sources of drinking water, with more than one of all clinical manifestations of Salmonella infections and patients on treatment. However, there was a significant difference between the rate of Salmonella infections and sociodemographic characteristics of patients studied (p<0.05).> 0.05) in males than the females’ patients. However, Shigella flexneri was the most common among patients followed by Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella boydii and Shigella sonnei in decreasing order. The frequency of shigellosis was highest in other patients (without occupation), patients with informal level of education, using tap water as sources of drinking water, with more than one of all clinical manifestations of Salmonella infections and patients on treatment.
Oscillation and Convengence Properties of Second Order Nonlinear Neutral Dela...inventionjournals
In this paper, we consider the second order nonlinear neutral delay difference equations of the form We establish sufficient conditions which ensures that every solution of is either oscillatory or tends to zero as . We also gives examples to illustrate our results
A Minimum Spanning Tree Approach of Solving a Transportation Probleminventionjournals
: This work centered on the transportation problem in the shipment of cable troughs for an underground cable installation from three supply ends to four locations at a construction site where they are needed; in which case, we sought to minimize the cost of shipment. The problem was modeled into a bipartite network representation and solved using the Kruskal method of minimum spanning tree; after which the solution was confirmed with TORA Optimization software version 2.00. The result showed that the cost obtained in shipping the cable troughs under the application of the method, which was AED 2,022,000 (in the United Arab Emirate Dollar), was more effective than that obtained from mere heuristics when compared
Equation of everything i.e. Quantum Fields: the Real Building Blocks of the U...inventionjournals
Mind, the inner most box of nature has not been investigated by modern physicists .Mind has not been incorporated in Standard model. Mind can only be studied by participatory science. Having searched Basic building blocks of the universe i.e. mass part of reality, we have also investigated mind part of reality and finally two fundamental particles with mind and mass realities are hypothesized . Now we discuss how to further investigate mind so as to know their structures and functions. Atomic genetics is the branch of science where we investigate about fundamental interactions of the universe i.e. atomic transcription and translations. New words have been coined to understand hidden science of mind part of reality. Mind reality have been recognized as different faces by “I” about 5000 years back to Arjuna in Mahabharata. It is just like to understand any language through Alphabets. These are (different faces) Alphabets of mind reality. One Mind reality has one face identity and the second mind reality has second face identity and so on. The facial expression represents phenomenon of intelligence and different face represents different types of properties carrying property. The open eyes means property is activated while close eye means property is inactivated. In spite of carrying properties conscious ness they also know how to conduct not only origin of universe but also how to create two different universe i.e. next creation could be different from this creation. In all, It is automatic system of the universe. The mind realities which are of good properties have devtas face identity (first five faces on both side and those mind realities which are of bad properties have demons face identity ( last four faces on both side) . These are named as code PCPs or messenger atomic genes. The central face is CCP or Thought script where all thoughts of the universe are banked. It is bank of data of all information s of the universe It is face identity of Anti mind particles as data of all information’s of the universe are stored as anti mind particles . It is the Time mind ness (biological clock) that keeps on expressing different thoughts from this thought script (CCP). There are four more faces (black bodies) shown on extreme left and right floating in fire are CPs (translating Atomic genes). That translates the messages and realizes it and reacts accordingly. Rest pictures are creation of different individuals and nature (sun, moon and snake and other pictures made on hands and body) by different thoughts of Almighty B.B.B. The entire picture has been explained in Geeta in 11/ 10 and 11.Whatever is being created in this universe is basically not by our thoughts rather it is the thought of Almighty B.B.B (Yang B.B.B or matter B.B.B. or Male B.B.B working as Highest center of the universe. ) that is dominated over creation and destruction of this cycle of the universe. Hence the World of Everyday Experience, in One Equation is Myth.
A one parameter Poisson-Mishra distribution has been obtained by compounding Poisson distribution with Mishra distribution of B.K.Sah(2015). The first four moments about origin have been obtained. The maximum likelihood method and the method of moments have been discussed for estimating its parameter. The distribution has been fitted to some data-sets to test its goodness of fit. It has been found that this distribution gives better fit to all the discrete data sets which are used by Sankaran (1970) and others to test goodness of fit of Poisson-Lindley distribution.
Job Failure Analysis in Mainframes Production Supportinventionjournals
A major part of batch processing on mainframe computers consists of several thousand batch jobs which run every day. This network of jobs runs every day to update day-to-day transaction. There are frequent failures which can cause a high delay in the batch and also degrade the performance & efficiency of the application. Permanent solution can be done to frequently occurring job failures to avoid the delay in batch and to improve performance & efficiency of the application. In this paper, we have analyzed the frequently occurring batch job failure recorded in Know Error Databases (KEBD) for past one year based on different categories. Frequently failed jobs obtained are categorized based on application, failure-type, job-runs and the resolution. Different results are obtained in the weka tool based on the different categories. From the various results obtained it can be concluded that the frequent failures are occurring in MSD application. On further analysis on this frequently failed jobs showed that data and network issue are causing the major job failures in which most of the jobs were daily processing jobs. In order to fix the failure the jobs was resolved by restarting the job from the overrides or by restarting the job from the top
Oscillation of Solutions to Neutral Delay and Advanced Difference Equations w...inventionjournals
In this article we give infinite-sum conditions for the oscillation of all solutions of the following first order neutral delay and advanced difference equations with positive and negative coefficientsof the forms and where is a sequence of nonnegative real numbers, and are sequences of positive real numbers, and are positive integers. We derived sufficient conditions for oscillation of all solutions of and . AMS Subject Classification 2010: 39A10, 39A12
A Possible Relationship between Gravitational Variations and Earthquakes in C...inventionjournals
An earthquake is not simply a sudden movement of the earth's crust, but the final product of a process that may have begun much earlier. In an area subject to tectonic stress, there can be precursory phenomena since this is where crustal deformation accumulates. A variation in gravity, measured instrumentally to the sixth decimal place, is one of the possible candidates to analyse measurable signals that precede, accompany and follow a seismic tremor. To verify the relationship between the number of earthquakes, the energy released, and the variations in gravity, the sequence in Central Italy was examined, above all that of January 2017. Data from a gravimeter located about 270 kilometres from the epicentral areas have been modelled as Standard Deviation, obtained from gravity measurements (400) carried out on the respective days. This indicator, of a statistical and mathematical nature, indicates the degree of dispersion with respect to its mean value, taken as the average value of these gravity measurements, and shows a positive correlation with the number of daily earthquakes and the energy released by the seismic sequence of January 2017.
Electricity Generation from Biogas Produced in a Lab-Scale Anaerobic Digester...inventionjournals
The sludge produced during wastewater treatment should be stabilized in order to minimize the damage to the environment. This study includes the evaluation of sludge stabilization and biogas formation by anaerobic digestion in order to generate electricity using stirling motor.The study was carried out with the raw sludge form the thickener of the wastewatertreatment plant. The main aim of the study is to provide sludge stabilization resulting biogas production by reduction of organic matter and to generate electricity. Anaerobic digestion studies were carried out using a laboratory scale anaerobic reactor with a volume of 7L.Under themesophilic condition, the sludge age was maintained at 10 days during the first 20 days of operation, while the reactor was operated for 90 days until the end of the run, with a sludge age of 20 days.The results have changed in the range of 42-52% after the organic matter reduction obtained from the anaerobic digestion. Concentrations of 3735.7300 ppm, 5060.5768 ppm, and 6951.4013 ppm biogas were obtained. Biogas was turned on by mechanical energy with a Stirlingmotor and then turned to direct current and the lamps with 3V 20mA each were run for 60 minutes
Electricity Generation from Biogas Produced in a Lab-Scale Anaerobic Digester...
Similar to Antibacterial Activity of Schiff Bases Derived from OrthoDiaminocyclohexane, Meta-Phenylenediamine and 1,6- Diaminohexane: Qsar Study with Quantum Descriptors
Nanobiosensors can be built via functionalization of atomic force microscopy (AFM) tips with
biomolecules capable of interacting with the analyte on a substrate, and the detection being
performed by measuring the force between the immobilized biomolecule and the analyte.
The optimization of such sensors may require multiple experiments to determine suitable
experimental conditions for the immobilization and detection. In this study we employ molecular
modeling techniques to assist in the design of nanobiosensors to detect herbicides. As a proof
of principle, the properties of acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase (ACC) were obtained with
molecular dynamics simulations, from which the dimeric form in an aqueous solution was
found to be more suitable for immobilization owing to a smaller structural fluctuation than
the monomeric form. Upon solving the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equation using a
finite-difference procedure, we found that the active sites of ACC exhibited a positive surface
potential while the remainder of the ACC surface was negatively charged. Therefore, optimized
biosensors should be prepared with electrostatic adsorption of ACC onto an AFM tip
functionalized with positively charged groups, leaving the active sites exposed to the analyte.
The preferential orientation for the herbicides diclofop and atrazine with the ACC active site
was determined by molecular docking calculations which displayed an inhibition coefficient
of 0.168 mM for diclofop, and 44.11 mM for atrazine. This binding selectivity for the herbicide
family of diclofop was confirmed by semiempirical PM6 quantum chemical calculations which
revealed that ACC interacts more strongly with the herbicide diclofop than with atrazine,
showing binding energies of 119.04 and +8.40 kcal mol1, respectively.
We investigated the gas‐phase fragmentation reactions of a series of 2‐aroylbenzofuran derivatives
by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS). The most intense fragment
ions were the acylium ions m/z 105 and [M+H–C6H6]+, which originated directly from the
precursor ion as a result of 2 competitive hydrogen rearrangements. Eliminations of CO and CO2
from [M+H–C6H6]+ were also common fragmentation processes to all the analyzed compounds.
In addition, eliminations of the radicals •Br and •Cl were diagnostic for halogen atoms at aromatic
ring A, whereas eliminations of •CH3 and CH2O were useful to identify the methoxyl group
attached to this same ring. We used thermochemical data, obtained at the B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) level
of theory, to rationalize the fragmentation pathways and to elucidate the formation of E, which
involved simultaneous elimination of 2 CO molecules from B.
QSAR Studies of the Inhibitory Activity of a Series of Substituted Indole and...inventionjournals
HF method, with the basis set 6-31G (d) was employed to calculate quantum some chemical descriptors of 37 substituted Indole. The best descriptors were selected to establish the quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) of the inhibitory activity against isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (Icmt), by principal components analysis (PCA), to a multiple regression analysis (MLR), to a nonlinear regression (RNLM) and to an artificial neural network (ANN). We accordingly propose a quantitative model and we interpret the activity of the compounds relying on the multivariate statistical analysis. This study shows that the MLR and have served to predict activity, but when compared with the results given by the ANN model. We concluded that the predictions achieved by this latter is more effective and much better than other models. The statistical results indicate that the model is statistically significant and shows very good stability towards data variation in the validation method. The contribution of each descriptor to the structure-activity relationship is evaluated.
Experimental (FT-IR, UV-visible, NMR) spectroscopy and molecular structure, g...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
This document discusses a study on the inhibitive properties and quantum chemical analysis of 1,4-benzothiazine derivatives for corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic medium. Two derivatives, compounds P3 and P4, were synthesized and their structures were confirmed through various analytical techniques. Electrochemical tests including polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and weight loss measurements were used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency of P3 and P4 in 1 M HCl solution. Quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory were also performed to correlate inhibition efficiency with molecular properties. The results showed that P3 and P4 acted as efficient corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solution, with inhibition efficiency increasing with increasing concentration. Adsorption
The Wonderful World of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)InsideScientific
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Janine Mauzeroll on scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). SECM is introduced, including operating modes and principles. Applications of SECM in studying multdrug resistance in cancer cells, electrochemical properties of battery materials, and corrosion of alloys are discussed. SECM allows visualization of heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics and mass transport at micro and nanoscale.
The document summarizes a study that investigated the interaction between the Hfq protein from E. coli bacteria and DNA. Specifically, it examined the binding of two regions of Hfq - the carboxyl terminal region (CTR) and mutations in the amino terminal region (NTR) - to DNA using techniques like isothermal titration calorimetry and electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The results showed that both the CTR and mutated NTR proteins bound to DNA to some degree. Atomic force microscopy was also used to characterize the self-assembly behavior of CTR peptides in order to aid interpretation of the calorimetry data.
Quantic Analysis of the Adherence of a Gram-Negative Bacteria in A HEPA FilterIJAEMSJORNAL
It is known that Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are the most frequent bacteria in hospital units. It is also known that GNBs generate a greater number of nosocomial infections in critical areas. In the present work, the adhesion of the bacterial cell wall (BCW) to the compounds of the material layers of a high efficiency filter (HEPA) was analyzed. The analysis was carried out by means of molecular simulation and quantum chemistry. The BCW and HEPA molecules were designed using Hyperchem software for simulation. The calculations of the quantum interactions of the molecules were carried out using the theory of the electron transfer coefficient (ETC). It obtained from 4 to 6 compounds that are more likely to interact even as a chemical reaction. The compounds of the glass fibers are the ones that work best for the adhesion and destruction of the BCW.
The document summarizes a study that evaluated (4Z)-2,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylpyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-2(1H)-ylidene)-2,4-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one (P1) as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution using various experimental techniques and quantum chemical calculations. The inhibition efficiency of P1 was found to increase with increasing concentration and was well described by the Langmuir adsorption model. Polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and weight loss measurements showed that P1 acts as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
quantitative structure activity relationship studies of anti proliferative ac...IJEAB
Many studies have focused on indole derivatives mainly their antiproliferative effect. The therapeutic effect of this group of molecule is very important. Quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) have been applied for development relationships between physicochemical properties and their biological activities. A series of 30 molecules derived from indole is based on the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). This study was carried out using the principal component analysis (PCA) method, the multiple linear regression method (MLR), non-linear regression (RNLM), the artificial neural network (ANN) and it was validated using cross validation analysis (CV). We accordingly propose a quantitative model and we try to interpret the activity of the compounds relying on the multivariate statistical analyses. A theoretical study of series was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory for employing to calculate electronic descriptors when, the topological descriptors were computed with ACD/ChemSketch and ChemDraw 8.0 programs. The best QSAR model was found in agreement with the experimental by ANN (R = 0,99).
consensus superiority of the pharmacophore based alignment, over maximum comm...Deepak Rohilla
The document discusses 3D-QSAR studies conducted on a set of 52 carbamate compounds with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The compounds were divided into training and test sets. Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA) models were developed using two alignment strategies: Maximum Common Substructure (MCS)-based alignment and pharmacophore-based alignment from Hip-Hop algorithm. The pharmacophore-based alignment produced superior models with predictive r2 values of 0.614 and 0.788 for CoMFA and CoMSIA respectively. Steric effects and hydrophobicity were found to play important roles in inhibitory activity. The studies suggest pharmac
Abstract The study of dielectric liquid behaviour under different exposure is one of the most fascinating frontiers in solid state physics. It has undoubtedly render considerable service to every physicist doing research in this field. The increasing desire to understand the molecular interactions have led to conduct the present study, which deals with a certain group of polar compounds such as (i) Acetonitrile (AN), (ii) Acetophenone (AP) and (iii) 2-Propanol (2-P) with a non-polar compound benzene. The dielectric behaviour of individual compound, binary mixtures and their ratios have been studied at microwave frequency of 21.68GHz in non-polar solvent (benzene) at constant temperature 300K. Different dielectric parameters like dielectric constant ε’ and dielectric loss ε” at microwave frequency, static dielectric constant εs at 1 KHz frequency, dielectric constant ε∞ at optical frequency have been determined. Using these dielectric data, dipole moment μ, various relaxation time viz (i) molecular relaxation time τ(1) (ii) overall relaxation time of a molecule τ(2) and (iii) average relaxation time τ(υ), distribution parameter (α) of individual compound, binary mixtures and their ratios in dilute solutions of benzene also have been determined experimentally. Weight fraction method is used for changing the concentration of solute in solvent. The observed results are discussed on the basis of various types if relaxation processes, which change with the size, shape and type of interaction. Key Words: Molecular Iteraction, Relaxation Time and Dielectric Constant
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This article discusses electroluminescence of MEH-PPV and poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid-co-1-pyrenylmethyl methacrylate) (SAA) blends. The SAA copolymer contains 3 mol% acrylic acid units and a small amount of pyrenyl groups. Blend films with various MEH-PPV/SAA ratios were prepared and their morphology was studied using microscopy. Devices using MEH-PPV alone had a turn-on voltage of 3.5 V and luminance of 500 cd/m2 at 5 V, while a 50/50 blend showed a turn-on of 2.5 V and luminance of 2300 cd
Several approaches are proposed to solve global numerical optimization problems. Most of researchers have experimented the robustness of their algorithms by generating the result based on minimization aspect. In this paper, we focus on maximization problems by using several hybrid chemical reaction optimization algorithms including orthogonal chemical reaction optimization (OCRO), hybrid algorithm based on particle swarm and chemical reaction optimization (HP-CRO), real-coded chemical reaction optimization (RCCRO) and hybrid mutation chemical reaction optimization algorithm (MCRO), which showed success in minimization. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the approaches inspired by chemical reaction optimization are not only limited to minimization, but also are suitable for maximization. Moreover, experiment comparison related to other maximization algorithms is presented and discussed.
1) The document evaluates the use of 5 E.coli biosensors containing the lux operon to test the preservative efficacy of sorbic acid according to pharmacopeia standards. 2) Results showed the bioluminescent readings of the biosensors correlated highly with colony forming unit counts (R^2 values >0.7) and detected ≥3 log reduction at similar times. 3) The lpp biosensor showed the greatest light reduction in response to sorbic acid exposure, while the spc and ldc biosensors best matched the ≥3 log reduction criteria, suggesting the method could replace traditional plate counts.
The document describes electrosomes, which are lipid vesicles containing ion channel proteins that allow ion transport. Electrosomes consist of two compartments - an anode displaying enzymes for ethanol oxidation and a cathode displaying an oxygen-reducing enzyme. Enzymes containing dockerin modules are attached to cohesin sites on scaffoldin proteins and displayed on yeast cell surfaces. This allows electron transfer through enzymatic cascades for high fuel cell power output. Electrosomes show potential as drug delivery carriers by controlling drug release and targeting tissues selectively.
Can Empirical Descriptors Reliably Predict Molecular Lipophilicity ? A QSPR S...IJERA Editor
Reliable prediction of lipophilicity in organic compounds involves molecular descriptors determination. In this work, the lipophilicity of a set of twenty-three molecules has been determined using up to seven various empirical descriptors. According to Quantitative Structure Property Relationship (QSPR) method, a first set of fourteen molecules was used as training set whereas a second set of nine molecules was used as test set. Calculations made with empirical descriptors, after a severe statistical analysis, have led to establish a QSPR relation able to predict molecular lipophilicity with over 95% confidence.
Similar to Antibacterial Activity of Schiff Bases Derived from OrthoDiaminocyclohexane, Meta-Phenylenediamine and 1,6- Diaminohexane: Qsar Study with Quantum Descriptors (20)
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Antibacterial Activity of Schiff Bases Derived from OrthoDiaminocyclohexane, Meta-Phenylenediamine and 1,6- Diaminohexane: Qsar Study with Quantum Descriptors
1. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6718, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 670X
www.ijpsi.org Volume 6 Issue 3 ‖ March 2017 ‖ PP. 38-43
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Antibacterial Activity of Schiff Bases Derived from Ortho-
Diaminocyclohexane, Meta-Phenylenediamine and 1,6-
Diaminohexane: Qsar Study with Quantum Descriptors
1
Niameke Jean-Baptiste Kangah, 1
Mamadou Guy-Richard Koné,
1,2*
Charles Guillaume Kodjo, 3
Boka Robert N’guessan,
4
Ahmont Landry Claude Kablan, 1
Sénoung Arnaurd Yéo and 1
Nahossé Ziao
1
Laboratoire de Thermodynamique et de Physico-Chimie du Milieu, UFR SFA, Université Nangui Abrogoua 02
BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte-d’Ivoire,
2
Laboratoire de Chimie BioOrganique et de Substances Naturelles, Université Nangui Abrogoua, UFR-SFA, 02
B.P. 801 Abidjan 02 Côte-d’Ivoire,
3
Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Structurale, UFR SSMT, Université Félix-Houphouët Boigny, B.P 582
Abidjan 22, Côte-d’Ivoire,
4
UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly de Korhogo, BP 1328 Korhogo, Côte
d’Ivoire
Abstract: Schiff bases (SBs) are known to possess many biological activities. In this paper we will be interested
in nine SBs derived from ortho-diaminocyclohexane, meta-phenylenediamine, 1,6-diaminohexane and
benzaldehydes variously substituted by nitro group. We had synthesized, characterized and tested these
molecules for their antibacterial properties. Herein our study focuses in particular on the determination of
quantum descriptors on which observed antibacterial activity depends, in order to be able to predict biological
activities in analogue molecule series. Using quantum chemistry methods at B3LYP / 6-31G (d, p) level, we
determined for each molecules, theoretical antibacterial potentials that we correlated to the experimental ones.
Calculation results showed that, the energy of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (EHOMO),
electronegativity (χ) and electronic energy (E), are the best quantum descriptors related to the antibacterial
activity values of studied molecules. The correlation coefficient R2
indicates that 92.1% of the molecular
descriptors defining this model are taken into account with a standard deviation of 0.152.The model
significance is reflected by Fischer coefficient F = 7.721: Correlation coefficient of cross-validation = 0.88.
This model is acceptable with . The values of the pCE50theo/pCE50exp
values of the validation set tend to unity.
Keywords: Schiff base, Quantum chemistry, QSAR, Quantum Descriptors, Antibacterial activity
I. Introduction
Organic Schiff base (SB) molecules, discovered by Hugo Schiff in 1864 are condensation products of
primary amines with carbonyl compounds [1,2].The common structural feature of these compounds is the
azomethine group with the general formula R1HC=N-R2, where R1 and R2 are alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or
heterocyclic groups. Imine or azomethine function present in various natural compounds and non-natural
derivatives has been found to be critical for their biological activities [3-5].For this reason, SBs, which are very
easy to synthesize, are inexhaustible source of promising multipurpose pharmacophores for design and
development of new biologically important molecules. SBs are in reality known to have a wide range of
biological properties such as antibacterial [6-12], anticancer [13-15], antiviral [16], antifungal [8,12,17,18],
antiparasitic [8] in addition to other biological performances [19,20].As several authors [21-23], our systematic
research on SBs has enabled us to synthesize many diimines. In this work we are interested in three types of
diimine. We have recently synthesized, characterized and tested these compounds for their biological properties
against bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus [24]. The molecules used in this study are shown in Figure 1.
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Figure 1: Molecular structures of the types of Schiff bases studied
These derivatives differ from each other by the aryl groups (Ar). These aryl groups are shown in the table
below.
Table 1: The different aryl groups and molecule codes corresponding
These synthesized molecules have shown, among other things, promising antibacterial activity for
several of them. On the other hand, their structures offer a high probability of structural change, implying high
degree of molecular diversity, which remains very useful for the development of new, less toxic and potent
therapeutic agents. Our research work up to now has been limited to the synthesis and the research of activities
of these molecules. By implementing the methods of quantum chemistry, this work focus on determining the
quantum descriptors whose antibacterial activities observed depend on, in order to be able to predict biological
activities in analogue molecule series taking into account these important theoretical results.
II. Experimental Section
2. Materials and methods of calculation
2.1. The calculation level
The six molecules of the training set and the three other validation set molecules used in this study,
have various antibacterial concentrations ranging from 48.87 to 375µg/mL. This range of concentrations makes
it possible to define a quantitative relationship between the antibacterial activity and the theoretical descriptors.
Biological data are generally expressed as the opposite of the log 10 base of activity ( )) in order to
obtain higher mathematical values when the structures are biologically very efficient [25,26]. The antibacterial
activity is expressed by the antibacterial potential pCE50. The antibacterial potential is defined from equation
(1):
Where M is the molecular weight (g/mol) and CE50 is the potential concentration 50 in bacteria, it gives
the concentration of substance required to destroy 50% bacteria in a population of bacteria under the conditions
of the experiment (µg/mL).
The performance of a mathematical model, for Eriksson et al. [27], is characterized by a value of
for a satisfactory model when for the excellent model . According to them, from a given
test set, a model will be performant if the acceptance criterion is respected.
In order to find a link between the values of antibacterial activity of the molecules studied and their
molecular structures, calculations of quantum chemistry were carried out using the software Gaussian 03 [28].
DFT methods are generally known to generate a variety of molecular properties [29-36] in Quantitative
Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies that increase predictability, reduce calculation time and cost
implications in the design of new drugs [37, 38]. The theory level B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) was used to determine
the molecular descriptors. As for the choice of the split-valence and double-dzeta bases, they are sufficiently
wide and the diffuse and polarization functions are to be taken into account in the quantification of the
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molecular descriptors obtained. The modeling was done using the multilinear regression method implemented in
Excel and XLSTAT spreadsheets.
2.2. Quantum descriptors used
For the development of QSAR models, some theoretical descriptors related to conceptual DFT have
been determined. In particular, the energy of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (EHOMO), electronegativity
( χ) and electronic energy (E), which are determined from the optimized molecules. It should be noted that the
descriptors related to the boundary molecular orbitals (EHOMO, χ) were calculated very simply in the framework
of the Koopmans approximation [39] and the electronic energy (E).The lowest molecular orbital energy
(EHOMO) is obtained after optimization of the molecules. As for electronegativity, it is obtained from equation
(2):
For all the descriptors studied, bivariate data analysis, that is to say the calculation of the linear
correlation coefficient R between each of the pairs of the set of descriptors is less than 0.95 (R<0.95), Which
means that these different descriptors are independent of each other [40-45].
III. Results And Discussion
3.1. Results
The test set of the six (6) SBs molecules and the three (3) molecules of the validation set (Table 2) are
shown in Table 2. Subsequently, the values of the bivariate linear correlation coefficients R of the descriptors
are also presented in Table 3.
Table 2: Quantum descriptors and experimental antibacterial activities of the test and validation set
Code EHOMO(eV) χ(eV) E(U.a) CE50 exp(µg/mL) pCE50 exp
Training Set
1a -0.092 0.172 -1295.085 375 3.008
1c -0.100 0.181 -1295.104 375 3.008
2b -0.095 0.177 -1293.901 375 3.006
2c -0.105 0.185 -1293.905 187.5 3.307
3b -0.097 0.164 -1290.278 187.5 3.299
3c -0.108 0.173 -1290.278 48.87 3.884
Validation Set
1b -0.093 0.176 -1295.105 187.5 3.309
2a -0.095 0.176 -1293.890 93.75 3.608
3a -0.097 0.160 -1290.263 375 2.999
Table 3: Values of the bivariate linear correlation coefficients of the descriptors
EHOMO(eV) χ(eV) E(U.a)
EHOMO(eV) 1
χ(eV) 0.272 1
E(U.a) 0.42 0.718 1
For all the descriptors used, the analysis of the data two by two, that is to say the calculation of the
linear correlation coefficient R between each of the pairs of the set of descriptors is less than 0.95 (R < 0.95).
3.2. Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) model and contribution of descriptors
It should be noted that the negative or positive sign of the coefficient of a descriptor of the model
reflects the effect of proportionality between the evolution of the biological activity of interest and this
parameter of the regression equation. Thus, the negative sign indicates that when the value of the descriptor is
high, the biological activity decreases while the positive sign translates the opposite effect. The model equation
(3) obtained using the theoretical descriptors related to the optimized molecules and the statistical indicators are
presented below:
N = 6 S = 0.152 F = 7.721
The negative signs of the different coefficients of the model parameters indicate that the antibacterial
activity ( ) evolves inversely with (EHOMO, χand E).The correlation coefficient indicates that 92.1% of
the molecular descriptors that define this model are taken into account at a standard deviation of 0.152.The
significance of the model is reflected by the Fischer coefficient F = 7.721: The correlation coefficient of cross-
validation = 0.88. This model is acceptable with .
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Figure 2: The regression line of the model
The values of the ratio pCE50theo/pCE50exp of the validation set which tend to unity (Table 4) reflect
the good correlation between the theoretical and experimental potentials of the molecules studied.
Table.4: Values of the relationship between theoretical and experimental antibacterial potentials of the
validation set.
Validation Set
pCE50theo pCE50exp pCE50theo/pCE50exp
3.037 3.608 0.842
2.929 3.309 0.885
3.577 2.999 1.193
The study of the contribution of each of the three parameters in the prediction of antibacterial activity
was made. The various contributions are illustrated by Figure 3.
The energy of the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (EHOMO) shows a large proportion followed by
electro negativity ( χ) and finally the lowest proportion is attributed to the electron energy (E). Thus it is clear
that the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital energy (EHOMO) is the priority descriptor in the prediction of
antibacterial activity in the molecule series studied.
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Figure 3: Contribution of descriptors in the model
IV. Conclusion
This study made it possible to demonstrate a relationship between the antibacterial activity pCE50
(μg/mL) and the quantum descriptors. Thus, we have established a multilinear regression equation between the
antibacterial activity and the descriptors of the optimized molecules. The descriptors of the optimized molecules
(EHOMO, χand E) make it possible to explain and predict the behavior of the molecules studied because there is
a strong correlation between the calculated and experimental values of the antibacterial activity. This model
presents good statistical indicators (R2
= 0.921, S = 0.152, F= 7.721). The model QSAR obtained allows us to
predict the activity of new molecules on the one hand and on the other hand, to identify descriptors that improve
the antibacterial activity thus giving guidance to design new molecules more active against bacteria. The
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (EHOMO) energy is the priority descriptor in the prediction of antibacterial
activity in the studied molecule series. The model obtained was validated using a test set comprising three
molecules.
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