This document provides details of a project to develop a smart drug delivery device using an electro-active polymer membrane. The project is guided by Prof. Kajari Kargupta and Dr. Saptarshi Majumdar. The device aims to lower side effects, increase drug effectiveness and bioavailability by targeted drug release. Polyaniline is investigated as the electro-active polymer membrane material. Experiments are conducted to characterize the membrane morphology, study drug transport under electric fields, and control release patterns. The findings provide insights into optimizing the device design and electro-deposition parameters to achieve controlled molecular release.
Plenary lecture given by Prof. Katsuhiko Ariga (WPI-MANA, NIMS and University of Tokyo, Japan) on September 12, 2017 in Gramado (Brazil) during the XVI B-MRS Meeting.
Introduction to Activation analysis using Neutron
Baisc Principle of NAA
Instrumental NAA
Characteristics of INAA
Advantages, Limitation and Applications of INNA
Plenary lecture given by Prof. Katsuhiko Ariga (WPI-MANA, NIMS and University of Tokyo, Japan) on September 12, 2017 in Gramado (Brazil) during the XVI B-MRS Meeting.
Introduction to Activation analysis using Neutron
Baisc Principle of NAA
Instrumental NAA
Characteristics of INAA
Advantages, Limitation and Applications of INNA
All about Radiations, Different energy particles- starting from Basics to New methods of analysis also includes DIfferent applications related to it.
Medha Thakur
(M.Sc Chemistry)
Plenary lecture - XV B-MRS Meeting - Campinas, SP, Brazil - September, 25 to 29, 2016.
Author: Elvira Fortunato (CENIMAT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal).
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
The Anteo Magnetic Separation Coupling Kit allows the rapid development of new tools for researchers. Utilising water-based chemistry, Anteo technology reduces hazardous chemical exposure. It allows flexibility in the selection of the particle of choice and ligand of interest. The chemistry also allows the development of multi-functional coupled particles with easy titration of ligand coupling concentration. The monolayer binding mechanism is highly efficient, reducing development time and costs. Use this kit to develop novel applications on magnetic particles - from antibody coupling, to antigens, peptides, carbohydrates, viruses, bacteria and cell surface markers.
In this application note, we show a range of proteins covering several species and isotypes of antibodies, as well as bacterial recombinant proteins which can be successfully coupled to Anteo activated particles with minimal optimisation. We also show that different proteins do have different affinities for Anteo coupling, and can be titrated to produce multifunctional particles. This monolayer protein coating results in improved functionality, which may save precious protein and reduce costs.
The electrical profiles of the renewable polymer graphite (PG) composites upon ultra violet (UV) curing were investigated. Renewable PG films were prepared by mixing with varying weight percent of graphite (with an increment of 5 wt. % of prepared graphite) up to 30 wt.% and crosslinker. Then, the composites solution was slip casted and cured upon stimulated UV irradiation (UV accelerated weathering tester) at different time exposure (up to 1000 hours) was applied. Small changes on the functional groups of the composites were observed due to UV exposure time by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Suggesting that chemical crosslink and chain scissions occurred within renewable polymer graphite composites. Further electrical profile through two point probe and four point probe method recorded visibly fluctuating values for both resistivity and conductivity within its composites range. Proposed here that the removal of organic contaminants and weak materials form both renewable polymer and graphite particles through the UV curing may have an effect on the formation of conductive network stability.
Novel composite electrodes:Preparation and application to the electroanalytic...Université de Dschang
M. Tchieno Melataguia Francis Merlin a soutenu une thèse de Doctorat/Phd en Chimie Inorganique ce 06 juin 2016 dans la salle des conférences de l'Université de Dschang. A l'issue de cette soutenance devant le jury présidé par le Prof. Emmanuel Ngameni lui a décerné la mention très honorable à l'unanimité de ses membres.
The Wonderful World of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)InsideScientific
To watch the webinar, go to:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/the-wonderful-world-of-scanning-electrochemical-microscopy-secm/
In this webinar, Dr. Janine Mauzeroll discusses the fundamentals, critical experimental parameters and recent applications for scanning electrochemical Microscopy (SECM).
In its simplest form, SECM is a scanning probe technique in which a small-scale electrode is scanned across an immersed substrate while recording the current response. This response is dependent on both the surface topography and the electrochemical activity of the substrate. Consequently, using an array of operational modes, a wide variety of substrates and experimental systems can be characterized. The strength of SECM lies in its ability to quantify material flux from a surface with a high spatial and temporal resolution. It has been used in a variety of applications fields.
Dr. Janine Mauzeroll describes the fundamentals of SECM, including the required instrumentation and the principles of the most frequently used operational modes. Following this basic understanding of SECM principles, she then moves towards a comprehensive summary of the critical parameters for any SECM experiment. Specifically, she discusses in detail redox mediators, probes, and solvent systems that are used in SECM experiments. Finally, she presents recent applications of SECM with an emphasis on her work in the last five years related to material characterization, corrosion and batteries.
All about Radiations, Different energy particles- starting from Basics to New methods of analysis also includes DIfferent applications related to it.
Medha Thakur
(M.Sc Chemistry)
Plenary lecture - XV B-MRS Meeting - Campinas, SP, Brazil - September, 25 to 29, 2016.
Author: Elvira Fortunato (CENIMAT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal).
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
The Anteo Magnetic Separation Coupling Kit allows the rapid development of new tools for researchers. Utilising water-based chemistry, Anteo technology reduces hazardous chemical exposure. It allows flexibility in the selection of the particle of choice and ligand of interest. The chemistry also allows the development of multi-functional coupled particles with easy titration of ligand coupling concentration. The monolayer binding mechanism is highly efficient, reducing development time and costs. Use this kit to develop novel applications on magnetic particles - from antibody coupling, to antigens, peptides, carbohydrates, viruses, bacteria and cell surface markers.
In this application note, we show a range of proteins covering several species and isotypes of antibodies, as well as bacterial recombinant proteins which can be successfully coupled to Anteo activated particles with minimal optimisation. We also show that different proteins do have different affinities for Anteo coupling, and can be titrated to produce multifunctional particles. This monolayer protein coating results in improved functionality, which may save precious protein and reduce costs.
The electrical profiles of the renewable polymer graphite (PG) composites upon ultra violet (UV) curing were investigated. Renewable PG films were prepared by mixing with varying weight percent of graphite (with an increment of 5 wt. % of prepared graphite) up to 30 wt.% and crosslinker. Then, the composites solution was slip casted and cured upon stimulated UV irradiation (UV accelerated weathering tester) at different time exposure (up to 1000 hours) was applied. Small changes on the functional groups of the composites were observed due to UV exposure time by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Suggesting that chemical crosslink and chain scissions occurred within renewable polymer graphite composites. Further electrical profile through two point probe and four point probe method recorded visibly fluctuating values for both resistivity and conductivity within its composites range. Proposed here that the removal of organic contaminants and weak materials form both renewable polymer and graphite particles through the UV curing may have an effect on the formation of conductive network stability.
Novel composite electrodes:Preparation and application to the electroanalytic...Université de Dschang
M. Tchieno Melataguia Francis Merlin a soutenu une thèse de Doctorat/Phd en Chimie Inorganique ce 06 juin 2016 dans la salle des conférences de l'Université de Dschang. A l'issue de cette soutenance devant le jury présidé par le Prof. Emmanuel Ngameni lui a décerné la mention très honorable à l'unanimité de ses membres.
The Wonderful World of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)InsideScientific
To watch the webinar, go to:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/the-wonderful-world-of-scanning-electrochemical-microscopy-secm/
In this webinar, Dr. Janine Mauzeroll discusses the fundamentals, critical experimental parameters and recent applications for scanning electrochemical Microscopy (SECM).
In its simplest form, SECM is a scanning probe technique in which a small-scale electrode is scanned across an immersed substrate while recording the current response. This response is dependent on both the surface topography and the electrochemical activity of the substrate. Consequently, using an array of operational modes, a wide variety of substrates and experimental systems can be characterized. The strength of SECM lies in its ability to quantify material flux from a surface with a high spatial and temporal resolution. It has been used in a variety of applications fields.
Dr. Janine Mauzeroll describes the fundamentals of SECM, including the required instrumentation and the principles of the most frequently used operational modes. Following this basic understanding of SECM principles, she then moves towards a comprehensive summary of the critical parameters for any SECM experiment. Specifically, she discusses in detail redox mediators, probes, and solvent systems that are used in SECM experiments. Finally, she presents recent applications of SECM with an emphasis on her work in the last five years related to material characterization, corrosion and batteries.
The generation of an action potential in heart muscle
cells depends on the opening and closing of ionselective channels in the plasma membrane.
The patch-clamp technique enables the investigation of
drug interactions with ion-channel .
The Isolated cells are ready for experiment.
Glass micro-pipette - a tip opening of about 1 μm, is
placed onto the cell
Microchip Electrophoresis is the new talk of the town, which revolutionize the field of electrophoresis. It is shown to be an attractive tool for time & cost saving development of a separation method for complex sample mixtures. It made possible the simultaneous separation of catecholamines and their cationic metabolites.
IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of applied chemistry and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Chemical Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Development of optimally controlled drug release device using
1. Project Guide:
Prof. Kajari Kargupta
Dept. Of Chemical Engineering
Jadavpur University
Dr. Saptarshi Majumdar
Dept. Of Chemical Engineering
Indian Institute Of Technology Hyderabad
2. Development of Smart Device : An
electro-active Polymer based drug
delivery device
3. Lower side effects
Higher affectivity and higher bioavailability of medicines
closed to the affected portion of the body.
Abandoned product
Multiple drugs in one shot
Lower required medical attention for patients
4. Commercial success can be found in following
therapeutic categories:
Asthma
Pain Management
Cardiovascular Disease
Dermatological
Women’s Health
Medicines Applications
Dexamethasone Neuro Inflammations
Dopamine Neurotransmitter
Sodium Salisylate Liver treatment
ATP Stimulator
5. An immobilizing medium that facilitate electron transfer as a result of the occurrence
of an extensively delocalized -molecular orbital system in its structure
They exhibit the behavior of metals or semi-conductors (low excitation energy)
The random dispersion or aggregation of dopants in molar concentrations in the
disordered chain like structure of polymers is called “Doping”
Low and intermediate stages of doping are observed as doping proceeds and polaron
and bipolaron structures are formed.
Depending upon the various oxidation states they are classified into Emeraldine,
Leucoemeraldine and Pernigraniline states(base or salt)
7. IMPORTANCE OF PANI AS A CONDUCTING
POLYMERS
PANI having protonation, deprotonation and various other physico-chemical
properties due to the presence of this -NH- group.
Inexpensive monomer, easy synthesis , environmental stability , simple doping by
protonic acids .
PANI salt is quite stable and shows relatively high level of conductivity .
When treated with base the conducting PANI salt converts to the base form.
Electronic structure and electrical properties reversibly controlled by both oxidation
and protonation .
8. Deposition of single and multi-layer thin film (electro-
active polymer)
Studies on transport of ionic drug through polymeric film
under applied time varying electric field.
Design a miniaturized capsule with a polymer membrane
coating for the targeted and controlled release of anionic
drugs essential for therapeutic activity.
9. Two electrode system:
Cathode 25 mm Circular porous Stainless Steel
plate(200 mesh)
Anode Graphite block
Sonication time(Ultra Sonicator: Piezo U Sonic):
2 hrs for PANI-p-TSA solution
30 minutes for PANI-p-TSA+ Dopant solution
Voltage: 30 volts,20 volts,10 volts (Voltage source:
Testronics 92D)
Duration of electrodeposition: 1 hrs,2 hrs,4 hrs
Synthesis of conducting polymer :
14. Studies on transport of ionic drug through
polymeric film under applied time varying
electric field.
15. Voltage (Positive Scan)
+
+
+
- +
- +
- +
-
-
-
Voltage (Negative Scan)
-
-
-
I
Porous Base
CP Film: Modified Working
Electrode
Counter Electrode
Permeate
Side
Feed
Side
16. Schematic Diagram of Experimental
setup for Drug Release Study
DRUG RESERVOIR (A)
MEMBRANE
BODY FLUID (B)
POROUSSILVER
PLATE
L1=10cm
4cm
L2=5cm
2.5cm
COMPUTE
R
RE
SAMPLE WITHDRAWING
A/D
CONVER
TER
4.290
OPENING SLOTWECE
meshGas cade
ONLINE pH and
Conductivity
measurement
Porous
Silver plate
ID 2.5cm
Offline
UV-VIS
Spectrophotometer
19. An electrode reaction refers to the net oxidation or reduction process that
takes place at an electrode. This reaction may take place in a single
electron-transfer step, or as a succession of two or more steps. The
substances that receive and lose electrons are called the electroactive
species
Three Electrode System
The major advantages of using a reference electrode are:
It is easy to prepare and maintain, and its potential is stable
During an electrode reaction involving a saturated solution of an
insoluble salt of the ion, it helps in maintaining a fixed concentration of
an ionic species
20. Decrease of the effectiveness of the reference
electrode to stabilize working electrode voltage.
A resistance towards ion flow between the counter
and working electrodes, creating current dependent
voltage discrepancies due to IR drops
21. 1. Release characteristics from pre-loaded film (with drug)
using a single compartment:
(i) In absence of feed solution
2. Experimentation on release characteristics using two compartment
(feed and permeate side) module
(i) OCP run: Study on diffusion characteristic with no applied voltage
(ii) Release due to Step potential
(iii) Release induced by Cyclic Voltammetry
22. Release pattern of para- toluene- sulfonic acid through
Polyaniline (PANI) salt membrane in single compartment:
23. RESULT:
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
Concentration(M)
Time(secs)
Source(V) Time(sec)
-0.25 4500
In this case the concentration vs. time shows almost a linear profile
which signifies the zero order release characteristics. The average
release rate estimated for PANI is 0.3μmole/s
24. Case Study I: Stability analysis of PANI –PTSA (OCP run)
• Open Circuit Potential: for 28hrs
• Deposition: 30 mg PANI salt +50 ml NN,DMF +300 mg pTSA 30
volts & 0.09 amps for 2 hrs.
• Feed side: 0.1(M) PTSA solution.
• Permeate side: Water.
• Release due to Diffusion
25.
26. Details of experimentation for PTSA-PANI:
Membrane
i) PANI (salt) (30 mg) +NN-DMF(50 ml)
sonicated for 2hr.
ii) P-TSA as dopant (300 mg)
sonicated for 30 mins.
Electro Deposition
Potential (V) = 30V
Duration=2hr
Current Variation =0.08A
Drug Delivery Cell data
Duration of experiment= 150min
Open Circuit Potential: (for 600sec)
Feed side: 0.1(M) P-TSA solution.
Permeate side: Distilled Water.
Details of experimentation for SSA-PANI:
Membrane
i) PANI (salt) (80 mg) +NN-DMF(50 ml)
sonicated for 2hr.
(ii)SSA as dopant (300 mg)
sonicated for 30 mins.
Electro Deposition
Potential (V) = 30V
Duration=2hr
Current Variation =0.08A
Drug Delivery Cell data
Duration of experiment= 150min
Open Circuit Potential: (for 600sec)
Feed side: 0.1(M) SSA solution.
Permeate side: Distilled Water.
32. Effect of Process Parameters on
Molecular Release: An Exhaustive Search
Fig depicts the two bottlenecks identified using the model: leak during the forward
cycle and retention at the end of the reverse cycle for varying voltage scan rate. Before
elaborating the results of the exploration of the dynamics of ‘controlled molecular
release system’, let us first define the base cases (good and bad) of molecular release.
33. Similar experiments are now conducted by using SSA
doped PANI, and the bright side in such experiments
is that the PANI-SSA is experimentally synthesized.
The Synthesized PANI-SSA serves as a potentially
better source of such experimentation.
It will be not long before a miniaturized version of the
experimental setup becomes scientifically viable.
34. I would like to convey my gratitude to the
Department Of Biotechnology (DBT-INDIA) for
financially assisting the work.
My regards for Prof. Kajari Kargupta and Dr.
Saptarshi Majumdar for their valuable and expert
guidance, keen interest, fruitful suggestions and
unwavering encouragement during the entire
period of project work.
Finally I would like to specially thank Mr. Ajay
Prodhan, the lab assistant without whom the work
would never have been completed.
35. Morphological Studies (TEM) show a connected nano -particle like structure of the
polymer membrane(<50 nm)
Prediction of release pattern
A protocol for different time scan and different release pattern is obtained for different
experimentation
Drawbacks :
Mechanical leakage : Teflon – metal joints : modifications of design
Membrane stability crucially depends on the parameters of electro-
deposition : leakage in membrane
Oxidation of the membrane due to exposure with the environment