The document discusses the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It describes how the ARPANET was developed by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s and evolved into the Internet. It explains that the Internet is a network of networks that facilitates data transfer, while the World Wide Web is an information system built on top of the Internet. It discusses the development of early technologies and protocols that contributed to the growth of the Internet such as email, BBS systems, Gopher, and browsers like Mosaic.
This document provides a high-level overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how the Internet originated as a U.S. military network called ARPANET in the 1960s and evolved to include commercial networks in the 1970s. It describes the development of early online services like BBS and Gopher in the 1980s and the introduction of the World Wide Web in 1991, which enabled easy sharing of information through hyperlinks. The summary concludes that the open and collaborative nature of the Internet has been key to its widespread success and ability to continually evolve new applications.
Internet to web: The 40-year old Internet and the 20-year-old WebJohan Koren
This document provides a high-level overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web over the past 40 years. It describes how the Internet originated as a U.S. military network called ARPANET in the 1960s and transitioned to connecting universities, researchers and other organizations through the 1970s and 1980s. The document also summarizes the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991 by Tim Berners-Lee and how early technologies and protocols like email, USENET, Gopher, and Mosaic browser led to the rise of the commercial Internet in the 1990s.
This document provides a high-level overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web over the past 40 years. It discusses how the ARPANET was originally developed by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s and 1970s to enable communication that could withstand nuclear war. It then covers the development of key technologies like packet switching, email, and protocols that enabled the Internet to expand beyond research institutions. The document also summarizes the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991 by Tim Berners-Lee and how early browsers and technologies like Gopher, Veronica and Archie led to its success and widespread adoption.
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet, was developed in the 1960s and 1970s to link computers and allow for communication. It then describes the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991 by Tim Berners-Lee, which added hyperlinking to allow easy navigation between documents on the Internet. The document outlines some of the key technologies and protocols that enabled the growth of the Internet, such as domain names, URLs, HTML, and early web browsers like Mosaic.
The Links that Became a Web: The 45-year Old Internet and the 25-Year Old WebJohan Koren
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet and World Wide Web over several decades. It describes how ARPANET, the earliest precursor to the Internet, was developed in the 1960s as a military network and then expanded. Key developments included the creation of email in the early 1970s, and connections between different networks in 1975 which marked the beginning of the Internet. In the 1980s, uses expanded beyond research and the military with the rise of bulletin board systems and search tools like Gopher, Veronica, and Archie. The World Wide Web was invented in 1989-1991, using HTML and HTTP. The first graphical web browser, Mosaic, helped popularize the Web in the early 1990s.
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how ARPANET, developed by the US Department of Defense, evolved into the Internet and enabled communication between linked computer networks internationally. The World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989-1991 and allowed for sharing of information over the Internet through hyperlinks. Early web browsers like Mosaic helped popularize the graphical web interface.
The Links that became a Web: The 40-Year-Old Internet and the 20-Year-Old WebJohan Koren
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet and World Wide Web over several decades. It describes how the ARPANET was developed in the 1960s as a military network to enable communication across different computer systems. In the 1970s and 80s, email and bulletin board systems emerged, allowing users to exchange messages and information. The introduction of TCP/IP protocols in the late 1980s enabled different networks to connect, and Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989-1990, adding hyperlinks and HTML to share information over the growing Internet. His browser Mosaic in 1991 helped popularize graphical web browsing.
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how ARPANET was developed in the 1960s as a military network and how this eventually led to the commercialization of the Internet in the 1970s. It also outlines the development of early online services like BBS and Gopher, as well as the invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989-1991, which added hyperlinking to online documents and popularized accessing information over the Internet.
This document provides a high-level overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how the Internet originated as a U.S. military network called ARPANET in the 1960s and evolved to include commercial networks in the 1970s. It describes the development of early online services like BBS and Gopher in the 1980s and the introduction of the World Wide Web in 1991, which enabled easy sharing of information through hyperlinks. The summary concludes that the open and collaborative nature of the Internet has been key to its widespread success and ability to continually evolve new applications.
Internet to web: The 40-year old Internet and the 20-year-old WebJohan Koren
This document provides a high-level overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web over the past 40 years. It describes how the Internet originated as a U.S. military network called ARPANET in the 1960s and transitioned to connecting universities, researchers and other organizations through the 1970s and 1980s. The document also summarizes the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991 by Tim Berners-Lee and how early technologies and protocols like email, USENET, Gopher, and Mosaic browser led to the rise of the commercial Internet in the 1990s.
This document provides a high-level overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web over the past 40 years. It discusses how the ARPANET was originally developed by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s and 1970s to enable communication that could withstand nuclear war. It then covers the development of key technologies like packet switching, email, and protocols that enabled the Internet to expand beyond research institutions. The document also summarizes the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991 by Tim Berners-Lee and how early browsers and technologies like Gopher, Veronica and Archie led to its success and widespread adoption.
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how ARPANET, the precursor to the Internet, was developed in the 1960s and 1970s to link computers and allow for communication. It then describes the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991 by Tim Berners-Lee, which added hyperlinking to allow easy navigation between documents on the Internet. The document outlines some of the key technologies and protocols that enabled the growth of the Internet, such as domain names, URLs, HTML, and early web browsers like Mosaic.
The Links that Became a Web: The 45-year Old Internet and the 25-Year Old WebJohan Koren
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet and World Wide Web over several decades. It describes how ARPANET, the earliest precursor to the Internet, was developed in the 1960s as a military network and then expanded. Key developments included the creation of email in the early 1970s, and connections between different networks in 1975 which marked the beginning of the Internet. In the 1980s, uses expanded beyond research and the military with the rise of bulletin board systems and search tools like Gopher, Veronica, and Archie. The World Wide Web was invented in 1989-1991, using HTML and HTTP. The first graphical web browser, Mosaic, helped popularize the Web in the early 1990s.
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how ARPANET, developed by the US Department of Defense, evolved into the Internet and enabled communication between linked computer networks internationally. The World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989-1991 and allowed for sharing of information over the Internet through hyperlinks. Early web browsers like Mosaic helped popularize the graphical web interface.
The Links that became a Web: The 40-Year-Old Internet and the 20-Year-Old WebJohan Koren
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet and World Wide Web over several decades. It describes how the ARPANET was developed in the 1960s as a military network to enable communication across different computer systems. In the 1970s and 80s, email and bulletin board systems emerged, allowing users to exchange messages and information. The introduction of TCP/IP protocols in the late 1980s enabled different networks to connect, and Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989-1990, adding hyperlinks and HTML to share information over the growing Internet. His browser Mosaic in 1991 helped popularize graphical web browsing.
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how ARPANET was developed in the 1960s as a military network and how this eventually led to the commercialization of the Internet in the 1970s. It also outlines the development of early online services like BBS and Gopher, as well as the invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989-1991, which added hyperlinking to online documents and popularized accessing information over the Internet.
The Internet began in 1969 as ARPANET, a project of the U.S. Department of Defense to create a communication network that could withstand nuclear war. In the 1970s, ARPANET expanded and became known as the Internet, connecting universities, research labs, and other networks. The first web browser, Mosaic, was created in 1991, adding graphical capabilities and kickstarting widespread use of the Internet. Today's Internet is a global system of interconnected commercial, government, educational and other networks, with the World Wide Web allowing for sharing of information through hypertext documents and multimedia content.
The document summarizes the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It describes how ARPANET, developed by the US Department of Defense, laid the foundations for the Internet as a network of linked computer networks used for communication. The World Wide Web was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Tim Berners-Lee as a way to access and share information over the Internet using browsers and hyperlinks. Early browsers like Mosaic helped popularize the Web and kickstart the commercial internet. Basic technologies and protocols that underpin the modern internet like URLs, HTTP, HTML and browsers are also outlined.
Net to web: The Links that became a WebJohan Koren
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet from its origins as ARPANET in the 1960s as a military network to connect computers, to the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991. It summarizes key developments like the introduction of email in 1972, the linking of networks in 1975 to create the Internet, and the release of the first graphical web browser, Mosaic, in 1991, which helped popularize the Web. The document outlines important Internet protocols and systems like HTTP, HTML, URLs, and the domain name system that helped structure the early Internet.
The document provides an overview of Epix, an Internet service provider established in 1994. It summarizes Epix's services such as dial-up and high-speed Internet access, email accounts, web hosting, and technical support hours. The document also outlines Epix's various Internet access plans and premium features included with each plan.
The document provides a detailed history and timeline of the development of the Internet from 1836 to 1997. Some of the key events and developments include:
- The origins of packet switching networks developed in the 1960s for the U.S. military which helped enable the future development of the Internet.
- The birth of the Internet in 1969 with the creation of ARPANET and the connection of four computer nodes at universities in California and Utah.
- The development of electronic mail in 1971 which allowed people to communicate over the network and is still a primary form of communication today.
- The creation of the World Wide Web in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee which revolutionized access to information and communications.
History of Internet and advantages of internetTallat Satti
Internet,History of Internet,Terminologies,Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet.E-mail
File Transfer Protocol
Telnet
Other Services
Newsgroups
Chat services
Social networking
E-shopping
Moreover blogs and video conferencing.
4G,5G connection.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet. It discusses how the Internet originated from the ARPANET network created by the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1960s to enable communication between researchers even if parts of the network failed. It describes how standards like TCP/IP were developed in the 1970s and 1980s, allowing the Internet to grow rapidly from around 1,000 hosts in 1984 to over 200 million hosts by 2002. The document also summarizes how the Internet works, including topics like browsers, URLs, domain names, and different ways users can access the Internet through connections like LAN servers, dial-up, or online services.
The document discusses various aspects of the Internet and World Wide Web. It begins with a brief history, describing the origins of the Internet as a US military networking project and its subsequent growth. It then covers topics like how to connect to the Internet, the development and functions of the World Wide Web, e-mail, and other online communication tools. The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms to build understanding of the capabilities and services available on the Internet.
The document discusses the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It begins with the origins of ARPANET in 1969 as a US military network and describes how it later expanded internationally through networks connecting universities, organizations and businesses. It then explains key aspects of how the Internet functions through servers, clients and protocols. Finally, it discusses the development of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and common web browsers and protocols that allow users to access and navigate websites through URLs.
The Internet and the World Wide Web [Fall 2012 RTF 319 Session 04]William J. Moner
The document summarizes the origins and evolution of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how the ARPANET was developed in the 1960s and 1970s to enable communication between computers over decentralized networks. Key developments included packet switching, TCP/IP protocols, DNS, email, and file transfer capabilities. In the 1980s, networks expanded through technologies like USENET, BBS systems, MUDs/MUSHs/MOOs, and IRC chat. The introduction of commercial internet service providers in the 1990s opened the network to the public. The World Wide Web was invented in the late 1980s and early 1990s at CERN, pioneered by Tim Berners-Lee, utilizing HTTP and early web browsers
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the internet from the 1960s to the present. It describes early computer networking projects and the creation of the ARPANET network. It then discusses common internet communication technologies like email, instant messaging, chat rooms, and social networking. It also covers conducting business online and accessing the internet through web browsers, search engines, and broadband connections. The conclusion discusses future projects aiming to increase internet speeds and capabilities.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how the Internet began as a US military network called ARPANET in the 1960s and adopted TCP/IP protocols in the 1970s. In the 1980s, NSFNET connected academic and research networks and commercial use of the Internet began growing. By the 1990s, the Internet was privatized and its use expanded globally.
The document outlines the history and evolution of the internet from its origins in 1969 as ARPANET, a network connecting computers at Stanford, UCSB, and the University of Utah, to its modern form today. Key developments include the introduction of email in 1972, the domain name system in 1984, the creation of the NSFNET in 1986 which allowed the ARPANET to be decommissioned in 1990, and the release of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991, which introduced hyperlinks and popularized the internet using early browsers like Mosaic. File sharing technologies also emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s, though many internet companies from that era ultimately failed to become profitable.
The Origin and Evolution of the Internet and the www.Anvith KS
What is the Internet? (Origin, Important Milestones, Then and Now of Internet )
What is the WWW? (Origin , Differentiate Internet and Web, Important Milestones, Evolution of the Web: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, Then and Now of the Web )
Convergence (Emergence of the smartphone, iPhone and then Android, Moving from the Web to the Smartphone (Android), Android Origin , Android Evolution, Android, Current Status)
The document discusses the history and workings of the Internet. It originated from ARPANET, a network developed by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s to enable communication between computers despite damage. The Internet evolved to connect various networks worldwide using TCP/IP protocols. It allows users to access services and information over the worldwide network through an Internet service provider. The document outlines the advantages of communication, information access and more, as well as security risks, and predicts future Internet developments like globalization and wireless connectivity.
The document provides an introduction to the internet, including a brief history and explanation of basic protocols. It discusses the world wide web and how it is part of the internet. It also covers topics like internet ownership, milestones in internet development, common internet services, how to read URLs, getting domain names, identifying computers online, bandwidth speeds, hypertext, creating web pages, browsers, and some bioinformatics resources available on the internet.
The document outlines the history and development of the Internet from its earliest origins with Morse code and undersea telegraph cables facilitating basic telecommunications, to the creation of ARPANET in the 1960s and the development of TCP/IP in the 1970s allowing for a more advanced global network. It then discusses key milestones like the introduction of email in the 1980s, the creation of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s which popularized access to information on the Internet, and the commercialization and widespread adoption of the Internet in the later 1990s.
Entrepreneurship & Commerce in IT - 09 - The internet and the world wide webSachintha Gunasena
The document discusses the evolution and key concepts of the Internet. It describes how packet switching, TCP/IP, and client-server computing enabled the Internet to develop. Packet switching allowed messages to be broken into packets and sent over multiple paths. TCP/IP provided protocols for transmitting and routing these packets. Client-server models distributed processing power across many connected computers. Together these innovations formed the basis of the Internet and World Wide Web.
This document discusses networks, the Internet, and related topics. It defines a network as a set of connected devices that share resources and communicate through various media. The largest network is the Internet, which uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching to transmit data over diverse communication systems on a global scale. The document also describes intranets, which are private internal networks, and extranets, which allow controlled external access. Key terms like Memex, Shannon's information theory, and the invention of the silicon chip provide historical context.
This document discusses key concepts related to education, learning, and teaching. It begins by asking where the word "education" comes from and provides a dictionary definition. It then distinguishes between formal education through institutions like schools and self-taught or life experience learning. The document notes that education is generally important for learning basic life skills and more advanced skills that can help in the job market. It references an interesting quote and poses questions about learning and teaching.
Pathfinders to Information: 2003 versionJohan Koren
Reference services involve trained librarians assisting patrons with their information needs in person, by phone, or electronically. This includes answering questions, conducting searches, and instructing patrons on finding and evaluating information. Reference collections contain authoritative sources like dictionaries, handbooks, and encyclopedias to support these services. While traditionally only print resources, reference collections now consider online accessibility and availability. Developing a balanced collection requires understanding community needs, analyzing existing resources, selecting new materials, and ongoing maintenance.
The Internet began in 1969 as ARPANET, a project of the U.S. Department of Defense to create a communication network that could withstand nuclear war. In the 1970s, ARPANET expanded and became known as the Internet, connecting universities, research labs, and other networks. The first web browser, Mosaic, was created in 1991, adding graphical capabilities and kickstarting widespread use of the Internet. Today's Internet is a global system of interconnected commercial, government, educational and other networks, with the World Wide Web allowing for sharing of information through hypertext documents and multimedia content.
The document summarizes the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It describes how ARPANET, developed by the US Department of Defense, laid the foundations for the Internet as a network of linked computer networks used for communication. The World Wide Web was developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s by Tim Berners-Lee as a way to access and share information over the Internet using browsers and hyperlinks. Early browsers like Mosaic helped popularize the Web and kickstart the commercial internet. Basic technologies and protocols that underpin the modern internet like URLs, HTTP, HTML and browsers are also outlined.
Net to web: The Links that became a WebJohan Koren
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet from its origins as ARPANET in the 1960s as a military network to connect computers, to the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991. It summarizes key developments like the introduction of email in 1972, the linking of networks in 1975 to create the Internet, and the release of the first graphical web browser, Mosaic, in 1991, which helped popularize the Web. The document outlines important Internet protocols and systems like HTTP, HTML, URLs, and the domain name system that helped structure the early Internet.
The document provides an overview of Epix, an Internet service provider established in 1994. It summarizes Epix's services such as dial-up and high-speed Internet access, email accounts, web hosting, and technical support hours. The document also outlines Epix's various Internet access plans and premium features included with each plan.
The document provides a detailed history and timeline of the development of the Internet from 1836 to 1997. Some of the key events and developments include:
- The origins of packet switching networks developed in the 1960s for the U.S. military which helped enable the future development of the Internet.
- The birth of the Internet in 1969 with the creation of ARPANET and the connection of four computer nodes at universities in California and Utah.
- The development of electronic mail in 1971 which allowed people to communicate over the network and is still a primary form of communication today.
- The creation of the World Wide Web in 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee which revolutionized access to information and communications.
History of Internet and advantages of internetTallat Satti
Internet,History of Internet,Terminologies,Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet.E-mail
File Transfer Protocol
Telnet
Other Services
Newsgroups
Chat services
Social networking
E-shopping
Moreover blogs and video conferencing.
4G,5G connection.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet. It discusses how the Internet originated from the ARPANET network created by the U.S. Department of Defense in the 1960s to enable communication between researchers even if parts of the network failed. It describes how standards like TCP/IP were developed in the 1970s and 1980s, allowing the Internet to grow rapidly from around 1,000 hosts in 1984 to over 200 million hosts by 2002. The document also summarizes how the Internet works, including topics like browsers, URLs, domain names, and different ways users can access the Internet through connections like LAN servers, dial-up, or online services.
The document discusses various aspects of the Internet and World Wide Web. It begins with a brief history, describing the origins of the Internet as a US military networking project and its subsequent growth. It then covers topics like how to connect to the Internet, the development and functions of the World Wide Web, e-mail, and other online communication tools. The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms to build understanding of the capabilities and services available on the Internet.
The document discusses the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It begins with the origins of ARPANET in 1969 as a US military network and describes how it later expanded internationally through networks connecting universities, organizations and businesses. It then explains key aspects of how the Internet functions through servers, clients and protocols. Finally, it discusses the development of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 and common web browsers and protocols that allow users to access and navigate websites through URLs.
The Internet and the World Wide Web [Fall 2012 RTF 319 Session 04]William J. Moner
The document summarizes the origins and evolution of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how the ARPANET was developed in the 1960s and 1970s to enable communication between computers over decentralized networks. Key developments included packet switching, TCP/IP protocols, DNS, email, and file transfer capabilities. In the 1980s, networks expanded through technologies like USENET, BBS systems, MUDs/MUSHs/MOOs, and IRC chat. The introduction of commercial internet service providers in the 1990s opened the network to the public. The World Wide Web was invented in the late 1980s and early 1990s at CERN, pioneered by Tim Berners-Lee, utilizing HTTP and early web browsers
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the internet from the 1960s to the present. It describes early computer networking projects and the creation of the ARPANET network. It then discusses common internet communication technologies like email, instant messaging, chat rooms, and social networking. It also covers conducting business online and accessing the internet through web browsers, search engines, and broadband connections. The conclusion discusses future projects aiming to increase internet speeds and capabilities.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how the Internet began as a US military network called ARPANET in the 1960s and adopted TCP/IP protocols in the 1970s. In the 1980s, NSFNET connected academic and research networks and commercial use of the Internet began growing. By the 1990s, the Internet was privatized and its use expanded globally.
The document outlines the history and evolution of the internet from its origins in 1969 as ARPANET, a network connecting computers at Stanford, UCSB, and the University of Utah, to its modern form today. Key developments include the introduction of email in 1972, the domain name system in 1984, the creation of the NSFNET in 1986 which allowed the ARPANET to be decommissioned in 1990, and the release of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991, which introduced hyperlinks and popularized the internet using early browsers like Mosaic. File sharing technologies also emerged in the late 1990s and early 2000s, though many internet companies from that era ultimately failed to become profitable.
The Origin and Evolution of the Internet and the www.Anvith KS
What is the Internet? (Origin, Important Milestones, Then and Now of Internet )
What is the WWW? (Origin , Differentiate Internet and Web, Important Milestones, Evolution of the Web: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, Then and Now of the Web )
Convergence (Emergence of the smartphone, iPhone and then Android, Moving from the Web to the Smartphone (Android), Android Origin , Android Evolution, Android, Current Status)
The document discusses the history and workings of the Internet. It originated from ARPANET, a network developed by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s to enable communication between computers despite damage. The Internet evolved to connect various networks worldwide using TCP/IP protocols. It allows users to access services and information over the worldwide network through an Internet service provider. The document outlines the advantages of communication, information access and more, as well as security risks, and predicts future Internet developments like globalization and wireless connectivity.
The document provides an introduction to the internet, including a brief history and explanation of basic protocols. It discusses the world wide web and how it is part of the internet. It also covers topics like internet ownership, milestones in internet development, common internet services, how to read URLs, getting domain names, identifying computers online, bandwidth speeds, hypertext, creating web pages, browsers, and some bioinformatics resources available on the internet.
The document outlines the history and development of the Internet from its earliest origins with Morse code and undersea telegraph cables facilitating basic telecommunications, to the creation of ARPANET in the 1960s and the development of TCP/IP in the 1970s allowing for a more advanced global network. It then discusses key milestones like the introduction of email in the 1980s, the creation of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s which popularized access to information on the Internet, and the commercialization and widespread adoption of the Internet in the later 1990s.
Entrepreneurship & Commerce in IT - 09 - The internet and the world wide webSachintha Gunasena
The document discusses the evolution and key concepts of the Internet. It describes how packet switching, TCP/IP, and client-server computing enabled the Internet to develop. Packet switching allowed messages to be broken into packets and sent over multiple paths. TCP/IP provided protocols for transmitting and routing these packets. Client-server models distributed processing power across many connected computers. Together these innovations formed the basis of the Internet and World Wide Web.
This document discusses networks, the Internet, and related topics. It defines a network as a set of connected devices that share resources and communicate through various media. The largest network is the Internet, which uses TCP/IP protocols and packet switching to transmit data over diverse communication systems on a global scale. The document also describes intranets, which are private internal networks, and extranets, which allow controlled external access. Key terms like Memex, Shannon's information theory, and the invention of the silicon chip provide historical context.
This document discusses key concepts related to education, learning, and teaching. It begins by asking where the word "education" comes from and provides a dictionary definition. It then distinguishes between formal education through institutions like schools and self-taught or life experience learning. The document notes that education is generally important for learning basic life skills and more advanced skills that can help in the job market. It references an interesting quote and poses questions about learning and teaching.
Pathfinders to Information: 2003 versionJohan Koren
Reference services involve trained librarians assisting patrons with their information needs in person, by phone, or electronically. This includes answering questions, conducting searches, and instructing patrons on finding and evaluating information. Reference collections contain authoritative sources like dictionaries, handbooks, and encyclopedias to support these services. While traditionally only print resources, reference collections now consider online accessibility and availability. Developing a balanced collection requires understanding community needs, analyzing existing resources, selecting new materials, and ongoing maintenance.
This document discusses historical fiction and provides background information on the genre. It begins by defining historical fiction and noting that while characters and events may be fictionalized, historical fiction is set in a specific time and place from the past. Several passages then discuss the relationship between history and historical fiction, noting that history involves interpretation and selection of facts while historical fiction aims to bring the past alive by experiencing events through fictional characters. The document provides tips for writing historical fiction and challenges, such as balancing authentic details with story, and issues around accuracy and provenance. It concludes by recommending Native American perspective books that provide useful context for teaching about historical topics like Thanksgiving.
The document discusses definitions and theories of learning. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from practice and interaction with the environment. Several learning theorists are mentioned, including behaviorism, constructivism, and sense-making. Constructivism views learning as an active process of building understanding through experiences. Sense-making sees learning as bridging gaps and obstacles encountered to make sense of situations. The implications for teachers and librarians are that learning involves actively engaging students to construct their own understandings through social interaction and experience.
School libraries under threat: How to ensure survival?Johan Koren
This document discusses the threat that school libraries face from budget cuts and ways to ensure their survival. It emphasizes collecting and presenting evidence from action research to demonstrate the value of school libraries. Action research involves identifying an issue, collecting relevant data, analyzing it, acting on the evidence, evaluating results, and sharing findings. Examples show how studies of collaboration between teachers and librarians have provided evidence that this makes a positive difference in student outcomes like research papers. Presenting organized local evidence is key to building support and protecting school libraries when budget cuts loom.
Vision Mission Goals Objectives of the Library Media CenterJohan Koren
The document discusses the key terms vision, mission, goals, and objectives as they relate to developing a strategic plan for a school library media center. It provides definitions and examples of each term: a vision describes the desired future state, a mission statement outlines the organization's purpose and core functions, goals are broad outcomes, and objectives are measurable targets to achieve goals. The document emphasizes that a vision, mission, values, goals, and objectives all work together to provide direction for an organization and its strategic planning.
The document discusses elements of realistic fiction such as believable characters, settings, plots, and conflicts. It provides examples of realistic fiction elements from the books A Bridge to Terabithia and The Mixed-up Files of Mrs. Basil E. Frankweiler. Criteria for selecting realistic fiction titles include believable characters, settings, and events that readers can imagine as possible in the real world.
The document discusses the evolution of the World Wide Web and different proposed versions such as Web 4.0 and beyond. It provides:
1) Various definitions and predictions for future versions from different sources, with no clear consensus on what defines each version.
2) Examples of proposed characteristics for versions like Web 3.0 focusing on mobile web, Web 4.0 focusing on connections and recommendations, and Web 5.0 focusing on either time-based services or a "wise web" with greater artificial intelligence.
3) However, the document suggests there is no agreed upon definition and the evolution is ongoing with constant new ideas for how the web may develop further in the future.
School libraries have evolved over time from book centers to vibrant learning hubs. Their role has changed from simply housing books to actively supporting teaching and learning through collaboration. Standards and guidelines have helped shape the instructional role of the school librarian as a leader, teacher, and partner in curriculum development. Recent frameworks emphasize school libraries as learning commons that foster 21st century skills through flexible learning environments and equitable access to information.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of computer networks and the internet. It discusses the early development of packet switching in the 1960s by researchers at MIT, RAND, and the UK. It also describes the creation of ARPANET in the late 1960s and early 1970s and its growth. Subsequent sections discuss the proliferation of networks in the 1980s and 1990s driven by NSFNET and the development of the World Wide Web. The document concludes by outlining some of the key hardware components of networks and benefits and disadvantages of computer networks.
The history of the Internet began in the 1960s with the creation of ARPANET by the Department of Defense. Key developments included the adoption of TCP/IP protocols in the 1980s and the launch of the NSFNET in the mid-1980s. In the 1990s, the introduction of the World Wide Web and graphical web browsers like Mosaic and Netscape made the Internet easily accessible to the general public and sparked its rapid growth.
Chapter 5 Networking and Communication Learning Objecti.docxrobertad6
This document provides an overview of the history and development of computer networking and the internet. It discusses how ARPANET was developed in the 1960s to enable communication between computers. This evolved into the modern Internet, enabled by protocols like TCP/IP. It describes how the World Wide Web emerged in the 1990s and fueled widespread commercial and personal use of the internet. Broadband technologies further accelerated internet usage by providing high-speed connectivity. Wireless technologies now allow ubiquitous internet access through devices like smartphones.
The Internet originated from the ARPANET network established by the US Defense Department in 1969 to enable communication between universities conducting defense research. It expanded to include academic and commercial users, with key developments including email in 1971, TCP/IP protocols in 1982-83, domain addressing in 1984, and the World Wide Web in 1991. By the late 1990s, over 10 million hosts were connected to the Internet, which has since become integral to communication, commerce, and culture globally.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It discusses how the ARPANET was developed in the 1960s and 1970s to link university computers. The adoption of TCP/IP in the 1980s allowed the ARPANET to evolve into the Internet. The World Wide Web was created by Tim Berners-Lee in the early 1990s and gained widespread popularity with the release of graphical web browsers like Mosaic and Netscape Navigator in the mid-1990s. The document also provides definitions and explanations of key Internet technologies like HTML, URLs, and how the client-server model allows web pages and content to be accessed over the Internet.
The Internet connects millions of computers globally through a network of networks. It allows any connected computer to communicate with another. The World Wide Web is an information sharing system built on top of the Internet that uses protocols to translate messages into electronic signals for transmission and back into readable text. Hardware components like cables, routers, and servers form the physical infrastructure to connect devices and transmit data wirelessly or physically. The origins of the Internet were in the 1950s US military's desire for a communication system resilient to nuclear attack. Researchers developed time-sharing and early computer networks to facilitate collaboration over distances.
Computer Networking-The past, present and future.pptxChideraAnichebe
A slide on the past, present and future of Computer Networking presented during the IEEE Tech Brush-Up event at the FUTO Student Branch on January, 2022
The document summarizes the history and development of the Internet from its origins as the ARPANET network in 1969 through the 1990s. It discusses early computer networks developed by universities and DARPA, the creation of TCP/IP protocols in the 1970s, the introduction of technologies like email, bulletin boards, and MUDs in the late 1970s, and the adoption of TCP/IP and development of DNS in the 1980s. It also covers the proposal and creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991 and the growth of the Internet in the 1990s with browsers, webmail, blogs, Google, and file sharing.
The document discusses the history and development of the Internet. It describes how the Internet originated from ARPANET, a network created by the US Department of Defense in 1969. Key developments include the establishment of standard TCP/IP protocols in 1982, the launch of the first web browser in 1992, and the commercialization of the Internet in the mid-1990s. The document also provides an overview of the World Wide Web and how it has become a popular application on the Internet for sharing hyperlinked documents and multimedia content between servers and browsers.
The document discusses the history and development of the Internet and World Wide Web. It covers:
- The origins of the Internet from research networks in the 1960s to the adoption of TCP/IP and opening to commercial traffic in the 1980s.
- The creation of the World Wide Web in 1989 and the release of the Mosaic browser that fueled widespread public use in the early 1990s.
- How the Internet grew exponentially through the 1990s with the commercialization of backbone networks and emergence of e-commerce.
CATComputer Applied Training...the history and basic concepts provides an overview of the history of the internet from 1969 to 1997. It discusses key milestones such as the development of ARPANET, TCP/IP, email, the world wide web, and commercialization. The document also covers pros and cons of internet use and training as well as basics of netiquette and social networking.
Lesson 10_ History of computer networks and the Internet.pdfraufkhalid104
The telephone network uses circuit switching to transmit information from sender to receiver – voice is transmitted at a constant speed between sender and receiver. In the early 1960s, because of the increasing importance of computers (while the cost of a computer was huge) and the advent of multitasking computers, people began to consider the problem of how to to connect computers together for sharing between users in different geographical areas.
The document provides information about the history and development of the Internet. It discusses how the Internet originated from the ARPANET network developed by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s for research purposes. It then explains how ARPANET evolved into the Internet over time as networking technology advanced and more computers and networks became connected. The document also outlines some of the key events and innovations that led to the widespread adoption of the Internet, such as the introduction of TCP/IP protocols and the creation of the World Wide Web.
The document discusses the history and basics of the internet. It explains that the internet is a global network of computers that connects different types of computers around the world. It originated from ARPANET, a packet switching network developed by ARPA in the 1960s. Basic internet services like email, FTP, and Telnet allow users to send messages, transfer files, and access other computers remotely. The World Wide Web was created in the 1990s and made accessing information on the internet easier through hyperlinks and web browsers. Search engines now help users find information online, and internet usage continues growing each year.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the Internet. It began as a network called ARPANET developed by ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) in the 1960s to enable communication between computers at universities and research labs. The first message was sent in 1969, but data loss was an issue. In 1973, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn developed TCP/IP, the communication protocol that allowed for reliable data transmission and became the standard, earning them the title of "Fathers of the Internet." The network expanded in the following decades driven by the development of email in 1971 and the World Wide Web in 1991. It transitioned from a closed military/research network to a global system available to the public and businesses, growing
The ARPANET was a network created in the 1960s by the US Department of Defense to enable resource sharing between universities and research centers. It connected 4 major universities using packet switching technology over interconnected nodes. This allowed the network to remain operational even if some nodes failed. The ARPANET pioneered internet technology and expanded to include more nodes, eventually evolving into today's internet.
The document discusses the history and components of the Internet. It provides an overview of how the Internet developed from early research networks in the 1970s to becoming a global, commercial system by the mid-1990s. It also describes important aspects like the TCP/IP protocol, the invention of the World Wide Web in 1989, and popular applications and search engines used on the Internet today.
The internet began in the 1950s as a US government network called ARPANET to enable communication in case of nuclear war. In the 1960s, scientists developed packet switching and email, allowing computers to communicate. In the 1970s, protocols like TCP/IP were developed to connect different networks, and the term "internet" was coined. The 1980s saw widespread adoption among researchers, and domains and browsers launched in the 1990s, making the internet publicly accessible. The web, e-commerce, social media, and mobile use transformed the internet in the 2000s into a global communication platform.
The Internet began in 1969 as a network called ARPANET connecting four university computer science departments. ARPANET was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency. Over subsequent decades, new technologies allowed for email, the establishment of the World Wide Web in 1993, and global connectivity reaching billions of users by 2012. The Internet relies on physical network components like end devices, intermediary devices, and transmission media, as well as software services, to share information across geographic areas from personal to wide area networks.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Making meditation a part of a daily routine, even if just 10-15 minutes per day, can offer significant health benefits over time such as improved focus, better sleep, and a more positive outlook.
Education is generally defined as the process of learning and acquiring information. It can take place both through formal schooling and informal life experiences. Martin Luther King Jr. believed that true education should enable one to discern truth from falsehood and develop both intelligence and strong moral character. The document explores different definitions and perspectives on the meaning of education through various online sources.
This document discusses different types of information sources and how to evaluate them. It defines reference sources as publications that provide authoritative information, including reference books, indexes, and databases. Reference books are designed to be consulted for specific information needs rather than read cover to cover, and include genres like dictionaries, directories, and encyclopedias. When evaluating information sources, criteria like the author's authority, purpose, objectivity, currency, and relevance should be considered. Primary sources contain original material while secondary sources analyze and comment on primary sources.
Looks at School Library Month and other related celebrations (Naional Library Month and Library Workers Day) and discusses advocacy and advocacy plans.
School libraries under threat: How to ensure survival?Johan Koren
This document discusses the threat faced by school libraries due to budget cuts by principals and superintendents looking to save money. It is suggested that school library positions and librarians are often among the first to be cut. Several examples are given of states and school districts that have cut or are threatening to cut school librarian positions. The document then discusses strategies for school librarians to ensure the survival of school libraries, including building support among stakeholders before a crisis, using research evidence to demonstrate the impact of school libraries, and engaging in action research projects to assess the effectiveness of library programs.
Looks at different inquiry process models, including Kuhlthau's Information Search Process and Guided Inquiry derived from it, Big 6 Skills, plus a number of others.
This document provides an overview of various inquiry and information process models that can be used to guide student research. It describes models such as the Big6, Carol Kuhlthau's Information Search Process, and the Savvy Seven Research Model. Each model breaks the research process down into steps or stages to help students comprehend the task and strategies needed. The document emphasizes that the models are flexible and iterative - students may need to move back and forth between steps as new questions or understandings emerge during research. An effective model provides a common language and scaffolding for students while allowing for recursion as understanding develops.
School Libraries under Threat: How to Ensure Survivalk?Johan Koren
School libraries are under threat of budget cuts as principals and superintendents look for ways to save money. This can result in the elimination of school library positions, which have often been among the first to be cut. The document discusses strategies for ensuring the survival of school libraries, including presenting evidence from research about the impact of school libraries on student achievement, outcomes, and skills. It recommends that school librarians build support for their programs, collect data through action research, and share the findings to make an evidence-based case for the value of school libraries.
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Looks at definitions and roles of the school library and the school librarian and follows the development of standards and guidelines for school libraries from 1845-2009. Considers also the radical new definition set out by R. David Lankes.
Teen Tech Week 2015: A Public Library Thing?Johan Koren
Teen Tech Week is a national initiative sponsored by YALSA that aims to ensure teens are competent and ethical users of digital media through libraries. It focuses on resources like e-books, databases, and social media. The related Teen Read Week also encourages teen reading and library use. Studies show teens lack skills to evaluate online information. Libraries help teens build skills like research and online profile management. Some schools implement "Bring Your Own Device" policies to utilize students' technology. Partnerships for Teen Tech Week can include families, community groups, and schools working with public libraries. Makerspaces in libraries allow creation using tools like 3D printers and electronics, helping develop skills needed in today's economy.
What are Educational Standards . . . and what do they have to do with 21st ce...Johan Koren
Educational standards help teachers ensure students have the necessary skills and knowledge to be successful by providing clear goals for learning. Standards provide a roadmap for teachers, parents, and students by setting expectations without dictating how teachers should teach. They highlight the knowledge and abilities students should master. Kentucky has adopted standards for core subjects as well as for teachers and technology to prepare students with 21st century skills like critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity. These skills are advocated for by organizations like the Partnership for 21st Century Skills to help students succeed in a global, digital world.
21st century skills refer to a broad set of knowledge, skills, work habits, and character traits that are believed to be critically important to success in today's world, particularly in collegiate programs and contemporary careers and workplaces. These skills include critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity. The document provided several links to additional resources defining and explaining 21st century skills.
The Gift of Libraries and Librarians: Learing in the CurriculumJohan Koren
This document discusses the many contributions that school libraries and librarians provide to learning. It notes that school libraries should serve as learning commons that focus on client-centered programs and advance best practices in pedagogy. School librarians help students develop digital citizenship skills, make connections between students and teachers, and provide leadership, even if misunderstood. Overall, the document argues that school libraries and librarians give students opportunities to learn and grow, and provide a crucial edge for college and career readiness.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
The Web and Websites
1. Along came
a Spider!
The Web
and
Websites
Fall 2012
2. 2 2
First: What is the Internet?
For one thing, it‟s not really
“the net”, it‟s the “nets”:
– ―the Internet: a cooperatively-run
collection of computer networks that
span the globe.‖
3. 3 3
Is it the same as the Web?
Internet ≠ World Wide Web
– The Internet is a massive network of
networks, a networking infrastructure.
– The World Wide Web, or simply Web, is a
way of accessing information over the
medium of the Internet. It is an
information-sharing model that is built on
top of the Internet.
– The Internet, not the Web, is also used for
e-mail, which relies on SMTP, Usenet news
groups, instant messaging and FTP.
• The Difference Between the Internet and the
World Wide Web
4. 4
Cold War Technology?
Originally designed by the U.S. Department of
Defense so that a communication signal could
withstand nuclear war and serve military institutions
worldwide, the Internet was first known as the
ARPANet, the most robust communication
technology. It is a system of linked computer
networks, international in scope, that facilitates data
transfer and communication services, such as remote
login, file transfer (FTP), electronic mail (e-
mail), newsgroups, and the World Wide Web. The
Internet greatly extends the reach of each connected
computer network (see: network effect, IP).
– Internet
5. 5
Before ARPANet
Before ARPANET, most computer systems
consisted of a massive computer -- sometimes the
size of an entire room -- with user terminals
hardwired to it. A terminal was some form of user
interface, often consisting of a keyboard or punch
card reader. Multiple users could access the
computer simultaneously, in a technique called
timesharing. Other early networks required a direct
connection between host computers, meaning that
there was only one path for information to flow
through. The direct connections limited the size of
these computer networks, which became known as
local area networks (LANs).
– How ARPANET Works
6. 6
Phone-linked networks
―In the 1960s, as many as a few hundred
users could have accounts on a single large
computer using terminals, and exchange
messages and files between them. But each
of those little communities was an
island, isolated from others. By reliably
connecting different kinds of computers to
each other, the ARPANET took a crucial
step toward the online world that links
nearly a third of the world's population
today.‖
– Marc Weber, founding curator of the Computer History
Museum’s Internet History Program
On October 29, 2009, SRI celebrated the
40th anniversary of the first ARPANET
connection.
7. 7
From mainframes to minicomputers
Before ARPANET, most computer systems
consisted of a massive computer -- sometimes the
size of an entire room -- with user terminals
hardwired to it.
What is a
―Mainframe‖?
8. 8
Minicomputers?
Minicomputers are a largely obsolete class of
multi-user computers which made up the
middle range of the computing spectrum, in
between the largest multi-user systems
(mainframe computers) and the smallest
single-user systems (microcomputers or
personal computers)
9. 9
When did ARPAnet become the Internet?
―. . . Ray Tomlinson is credited with inventing
email in 1972. . . . He picked the @ symbol from
the computer keyboard to denote sending
messages from one computer to another. So
then, for anyone using Internet standards, it was
simply a matter of nominating name-of-the-
user@name-of-the-computer.
―. . . 1975 seems to be the definitive year in
which, for the first time, networks connected to
each other.‖
– Ian Peter’s History of the Internet
10. 10
1975, the net goes commercial
Telenet
– One of the first value-added, packet
switching networks that enabled
terminals and computers to exchange
data. Established in 1975 by Dr.
Lawrence Roberts, who helped to
develop ARPANET, Telenet was
acquired by GTE in 1979. After it
was acquired by Sprint in 1986, it
was renamed SprintNet
13. 13
1980s
Main uses scholarly or military
– Libraries use networks like Telenet and
Tymnet for remote searching of databases
– Scientists and scholars communicate by email
The Silent 700 was a line of portable computer
terminals manufactured by Texas Instruments
in the 1970s and 1980s. Silent 700s printed
with a dot-matrix heating element onto a roll
of heat-sensitive paper. They were equipped
with an integrated acoustic coupler and
modem that could receive data at 30
characters per second.
15. 15
What, no fun things?
Enter the BBS!
– Bulletin Board System
• A Bulletin Board System, or BBS, is a computer
system running software that allows users to connect
and log in to the system using a terminal program.
Once logged in, a user can perform functions such as
uploading and downloading software and
data, reading news and bulletins, and exchanging
messages with other users, either through electronic
mail or in public message boards. Many BBSes also
offer on-line games, in which users can compete with
each other, and BBSes with multiple phone lines often
provide chat rooms, allowing users to interact with
each other.
16. 16
BBS all text, very little graphics
Monochrome BBS, known to users as ―Mono‖, was originally a student bulletin board
system at [London’s] City University in the early 1990s. The BBS is still in existence
with a web presence at http://www.mono.org/ from where you can connect to the real
thing by telnet. See also Monochrome BBS – Definition.
17. 17
Related to BBS
Gopher
– The Gopher Protocol is a distributed document search
and retrieval protocol that was developed at the
University of Minnesota in the late 1980s. Resources are
stored on Gopher servers, which organize information
using a hierarchical directory structure. Gopher clients
access servers to retrieve directory listings of available
resources, which are presented to the user as a menu
from which an item may be selected for retrieval.
• Gopher Protocol (Gopher) (Page 4 of 4)
18. 18
A Gopher menu
From a Finnish History of the Internet (click on 1991 to get the page
where this is reproduced)
To navigate the menus, you used the arrow keys (no mouse, of course!) to
move the arrow up or down the menu and then hit Enter to select the item
you want. Current browsers no longer support Gopher.
19. Veronica, Jughead and 19
Archie (but not Betty)!
Rodent companions!
– Veronica: ―Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to
Computerized Archives‖
– Jughead: ―Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation
and Display‖
– Archie: a popular FTP [―File Transfer Protocol‖] search
program of the time. Though the legend of Archie being
named for the cartoon, the name in fact is shorthand for
―Archives.‖
• A Pre-Web Search Engine, Gopher Turns Ten
By Chris Sherman, Search Engine Watch, Feb 6, 2002
20. 20
Experience Gopherspace
Floodgap Public Gopher Proxy
– To allow Gopherspace to continue to be
usefully accessible in the coming years, since
it’s still definitely a viable and useful (not to
mention lightweight and efficient) information
distribution protocol, the Public Proxy offers a
standards-based, effective Gopher<->HTTP
gateway to facilitate access even when your web
browser doesn’t.
– Connect to the Public Proxy here:
• Standard Version
• ―Lite‖ Version
• http://gopher.floodgap.com/gopher/
21. Finally, The Web is spun: 21
1991
Tim Berners-Lee:
– ―. . . in 1989, while working at the European Particle
Physics Laboratory, I proposed that a global
hypertext space be created in which any network-
accessible information could be refered to by a single
"Universal Document Identifier". Given the go-ahead
to experiment by my boss, Mike Sendall, I wrote in
1990 a program called "WorldWideWeb", a point
and click hypertext editor which ran on the "NeXT"
He almost called
it the ―Mesh‖!
machine. This, together with the first Web server, I
Sir Tim Berners- released to the High Energy Physics community at
Lee on the Web first, and to the hypertext and NeXT communities in
(past, present the summer of 1991.
and future)
• The World Wide Web: A very short personal history
22. The first “real” browser
22
NCSA Mosaic
NCSA's Mosaic™ wasn't
the first Web browser. But
it was the first to make a
major splash. In
November 1993, Mosaic v
1.0 broke away from the
small pack of existing
browsers by including
features—like
icons, bookmarks, a more
attractive interface, and
pictures—that made the
software easy to use and
appealing to ―non-geeks.‖
About NCSA Mosaic
24. 24
Alphabet soup of the Web
URL
– Uniform Resource Locator
HTTP
– HyperText Transfer Protocol
HTML
– Hypertext Markup Language
– Now being complemented by
XML
• EXtensible Markup Language
– See What is XML?
26. 26
A free site to create your own
What is Weebly?
– Weebly is a San
Francisco, California based
company that was founded in
2006 with the mission to help
people put their information
online quickly and easily. We
now enable 3 million people to
easily create personal sites and
blogs or establish web
presences for
businesses, weddings, classroom
s, churches, artistic
portfolios, and more.
•
27. 27
Google Sites
Beginner‟s Guide
– With Google Sites, you can easily create
and update your own site. Google Sites
allows you display a variety of
information in one place—including
videos, slideshows, calendars, presentati
ons, attachments, and text—and share it
for viewing or editing with a small
group, an entire organization, or the
world. You always control who has
access to your site.
28. 28
Basic URL Structure
Parts
– A URL has three basic parts: the protocol (how to get the resource);
the server id (who to get the resource from); and the resource id (the
name of the resource and how to find it on the target machine). In its
most basic form, this looks like the following:
– The "http" indicates that this is a Web document. The
"www.fake.com" is the domain name of the (in this case, fictional)
machine on which the web server is running (we know it's a web
server because of the protocol). And, of course, "doc.html" is the
filename of the HTML document (notice the file extension ".html")
on that machine.
29. 29
Domain name?
What is a „Domain Name‟?
– Domain Name System, or DNS, is the most
recognized system for assigning addresses to
Internet web servers (aka ―Internet hosts‖).
Somewhat like international phone
numbers, the domain name system helps to
give every Internet server a memorable and
easy-to-spell address. Simultaneously, the
domain names keep the really technical IP
address invisible for most viewers.
• By Paul Gil, About.com Guide
30. 30
Structure of a Domain Name 1
What is a Top Level Domain (TLD)?
– A Top Level Domain (TLD) is the ―suffix‖
or the end of each domain name. (e.g., the
―.com‖ in yahoo.com is the TLD.) There
are two types of TLDs - global and country
code.
Generic Top Level Domain (gTLDs)
extensions include:
.com, .net, .org, .biz, .coop, .edu, .gov, .info,
.int, .mil, and .museum.
31. 31
Country code TLDs
– Country Code Top Level Domains
(ccTLDs) are TLDs created by a
country, such as .it, which is the
country code for Italy or .tv which is
the country code for Tuvalu, and of
course .us for the United States
• A complete list of ccTLDs (sorted by
ccTLD) can be found at
http://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm.
o What is a Top Level Domain (TLD)?
32. 32
Structure of a Domain Name 2
Second-level domain
– In the Domain Name System
(DNS) hierarchy, it is the
highest level underneath the
top-level domains. It is that
portion of the domain name
that appears immediately to the
left of the top-level
domain, separated by a dot. For
example, the ―NetLingo‖ in
www.netlingo.com is a second-
level domain.
33. 33
Structure of a Domain Name 3
SubDomain - The Third Level Domain
– If you need to further distinguish your second-
level domain name, you can use a third-level
domain name, such as
―resources.hostway.com.‖ Typically a third-
level domain name is used to refer to different
servers within different departments of a
company.
• Creating third-level domains
34. 34
Success of the web?
Tim Berners-Lee:
– The success of the World Wide Web, itself built on the open Internet, has
depended on three critical factors: 1) unlimited links from any part of the
Web to any other; 2) open technical standards as the basis for continued
growth of innovation applications; and 3) separation of network
layers, enabling independent innovation for network transport, routing and
information applications. Today these characteristics of the Web are easily
overlooked as obvious, self-maintaining, or just unimportant. All who use
the Web to publish or access information take it for granted that any Web
page on the planet will be accessible to anyone who has an Internet
connection, regardless whether it is over a dialup modem or a high speed
multi-megabit per second digital access line. The last decade has seen so
many new ecommerce startups, some of which have formed the foundations
of the new economy, that we now expect that the next blockbuster Web site
or the new homepage for your kid's local soccer team will just appear on
the Web without any difficulty.
• Testimony of Sir Timothy Berners-Lee, Hearing on the ―Digital Future of the United
States: Part I -- The Future of the World Wide Web‖
35. The Internet is a far more speech-
enhancing medium than print, the village
green, or the mails.... The Internet may
fairly be regarded as a never-ending
worldwide conversation.[1]
Statement by a federal judge in American Civil
Liberties Union v. Reno, 929 F. Supp. 824, 844 (E.D. Pa.
1996) (Dalzell, J.). Quoted by Tim Berners-Lee in his
Testimony at Hearing on the ―Digital Future of the
United States: Part I -- The Future of the World Wide
Web‖