The SOLID principles are a set of best practices for object-oriented design that focus on creating software with high maintainability and reusability through managing dependencies and responsibilities, including the single responsibility, open-closed, Liskov substitution, interface segregation, and dependency inversion principles. Following these principles helps create flexible, robust software by reducing coupling between modules and increasing cohesion within modules. Adhering to SOLID makes code more readable, maintainable, and predictable when changes need to be made.