This study analyzed the relationship between the roles and coping mechanisms of the recipient of 4Ps in the province of Northern Samar considering the 4Ps recipients as the representatives of the poor families. It described the socio demographic characteristics of the poor families in the selected communities in the Northern Samar. It analyzed the emergent roles of families in relation to income generation, provision of basic needs and family spending. The power patterns among poor families were also examined. It also discussed the coping mechanisms of poor families in terms of income generation, provision of basic needs and family spending. This study considered the heads of poor families in the drawing out area. The recipients of the PantawidPamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps were basically the subjects of the study. They were drawn through purposive sampling technique. The findings revealed that a majority of the parents of the poor families of Northern Samar were elementary graduates, with a monthly income of one thousand or less which were generally earned from farming as the major sources of income and were found to spend much for their “food-. A majority of the poor families had nuclear structure, with carpentry and “others- as their special skills had single houses type with light materials that need minor repair however, a majority owned their respective dwelling places but these were used to be attacked by typhoons. In terms of income generation, family coping mechanisms of poor families in Northern Samar, the frequently practiced mechanisms was generally, the culture of sharing is observed in the family while the seldom practiced was a member of the family has to stop schooling and work to augment the income of the family. It further illustrated that the profile of the poor families such as educational attainment and monthly income was significant predictors in generating income, in the provision of basic needs and family spending. Veronica A. Aleria "The Relationship of Coping Mechanisms to the Role of 4PS Families in Northern Samar, Philippines" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43780.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/43780/the-relationship-of-coping-mechanisms-to-the-role-of-4ps-families-in-northern-samar-philippines/veronica-a-aleria
Level of Awareness on Climate Change Adaptation of the University of Eastern ...YogeshIJTSRD
The study determined the level of awareness on climate change adaptation of the faculty members, students, and non teaching personnel of the University of Eastern Philippines System. The awareness was measured in terms of education, agriculture, health, fishery and marine resources, infrastructure and human settlement, and environment and natural resources. The study also found the correlation of the level of awareness and selected personal variables and the significant difference in the awareness among the groups of respondents. The study employed the descriptive correlation method of research utilizing a 30 item Liker type instrument on awareness on climate change adaptation. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, multiple regression analysis, and analysis of variance. The findings of the study showed that the faculty members were much aware on climate change adaptation in terms of education, agriculture, and health and aware on climate change adaptation in terms of fishery and marine resources, infrastructure, and environment and natural resources. The students were much aware on climate change adaptation in terms of education, agriculture, and health and aware on climate change adaptation in terms of fishery and marine resources, infrastructure, and environment and natural resources. The nonteaching personnel were aware on the six components of the level of awareness. For the faculty members and non teaching personnel, the exposure to newspaper and television were found to be significantly related to the level of awareness on climate adaptation. For the students, the exposure to newspaper and year level were found to be significantly related to the level of awareness on climate adaptation. There is a significant difference in the level of awareness on climate change adaptation among the three groups of respondents. Blenah Ongray – Perez "Level of Awareness on Climate Change Adaptation of the University of Eastern Philippines Employees and Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43779.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/43779/level-of-awareness-on-climate-change-adaptation-of-the-university-of-eastern-philippines-employees-and-students/blenah-ongray- – -perez
Challenges, Attitudes and Academic Performance of Agricultural Science Studen...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
In this study, we considered challenges facing effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science. Also, we examined whether there were differences in the mean achievement test scores of students in the subject in selected schools. Furthermore, we studied students’ attitude to the subject and examined the relationship between their academic performance in Agricultural Science and their attitudes to the subject. The study was a descriptive survey design carried out at Ibadan North Local Government Area (INLGA) of Oyo State, Nigeria. Three public secondary schools were randomly selected from all the public secondary schools in INLGA in 2014. A total of thirty teachers and one hundred Senior Secondary School II (SSS II) students from the selected schools participated in the study. Agricultural Science Achievement Test (ASAT), Constraints facing Agricultural Science in Public Secondary Schools Questionnaire (CASPSSQ) and Students’ Attitude towards Agricultural Science Questionnaire (SAASQ) were used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test of independence, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison techniques. The major challenges confronting the teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in INLGA and their solutions were identified. The ANOVA test was significant (P=.00). Least Significant Difference, a multiple comparison technique, on the ANOVA showed that School 1 and School 2 ASAT mean scores; School 1 and School 3 ASAT mean scores were different from each other at 5% significance level respectively. A significant relationship was found between scores obtained by the students in the ASAT and the attitudinal variable of sustained students’ interests in Agricultural Science (P=.02).
The study therefore recommended innovative methods of teaching the subject so as to be able to sustain students’ interest in the subject and obtain better academic performance.
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Environmen...YogeshIJTSRD
Environment is a major determinant of health of individual, family and community. Environmental health consists of preventing or controlling diseases, injury and disability related to interactions between people and their environment. Aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding environmental health among women . Quasi experimental one group pretest and posttest design was used. Non. probability convenient sampling technique was adopted . the result findings shows that pre test mean score of environmental health was 11.3 with SD of 3.85 and the post test mean score was 23. 9with SD of 1.19. There was a statistically significant increase in the overall knowledge regarding environmental health after structured teaching programme at p .00001 level. Mrs P. Umalakshmi "Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Environmental Health among Women in Selected Setting, Chennai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41123.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/41123/effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-environmental-health-among-women-in-selected-setting-chennai/mrs-p-umalakshmi
Level of Awareness on Climate Change Adaptation of the University of Eastern ...YogeshIJTSRD
The study determined the level of awareness on climate change adaptation of the faculty members, students, and non teaching personnel of the University of Eastern Philippines System. The awareness was measured in terms of education, agriculture, health, fishery and marine resources, infrastructure and human settlement, and environment and natural resources. The study also found the correlation of the level of awareness and selected personal variables and the significant difference in the awareness among the groups of respondents. The study employed the descriptive correlation method of research utilizing a 30 item Liker type instrument on awareness on climate change adaptation. Data were analyzed using percentages, means, multiple regression analysis, and analysis of variance. The findings of the study showed that the faculty members were much aware on climate change adaptation in terms of education, agriculture, and health and aware on climate change adaptation in terms of fishery and marine resources, infrastructure, and environment and natural resources. The students were much aware on climate change adaptation in terms of education, agriculture, and health and aware on climate change adaptation in terms of fishery and marine resources, infrastructure, and environment and natural resources. The nonteaching personnel were aware on the six components of the level of awareness. For the faculty members and non teaching personnel, the exposure to newspaper and television were found to be significantly related to the level of awareness on climate adaptation. For the students, the exposure to newspaper and year level were found to be significantly related to the level of awareness on climate adaptation. There is a significant difference in the level of awareness on climate change adaptation among the three groups of respondents. Blenah Ongray – Perez "Level of Awareness on Climate Change Adaptation of the University of Eastern Philippines Employees and Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43779.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/43779/level-of-awareness-on-climate-change-adaptation-of-the-university-of-eastern-philippines-employees-and-students/blenah-ongray- – -perez
Challenges, Attitudes and Academic Performance of Agricultural Science Studen...Olutosin Ademola Otekunrin
In this study, we considered challenges facing effective teaching and learning of Agricultural Science. Also, we examined whether there were differences in the mean achievement test scores of students in the subject in selected schools. Furthermore, we studied students’ attitude to the subject and examined the relationship between their academic performance in Agricultural Science and their attitudes to the subject. The study was a descriptive survey design carried out at Ibadan North Local Government Area (INLGA) of Oyo State, Nigeria. Three public secondary schools were randomly selected from all the public secondary schools in INLGA in 2014. A total of thirty teachers and one hundred Senior Secondary School II (SSS II) students from the selected schools participated in the study. Agricultural Science Achievement Test (ASAT), Constraints facing Agricultural Science in Public Secondary Schools Questionnaire (CASPSSQ) and Students’ Attitude towards Agricultural Science Questionnaire (SAASQ) were used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test of independence, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison techniques. The major challenges confronting the teaching and learning of Agricultural Science in INLGA and their solutions were identified. The ANOVA test was significant (P=.00). Least Significant Difference, a multiple comparison technique, on the ANOVA showed that School 1 and School 2 ASAT mean scores; School 1 and School 3 ASAT mean scores were different from each other at 5% significance level respectively. A significant relationship was found between scores obtained by the students in the ASAT and the attitudinal variable of sustained students’ interests in Agricultural Science (P=.02).
The study therefore recommended innovative methods of teaching the subject so as to be able to sustain students’ interest in the subject and obtain better academic performance.
Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Environmen...YogeshIJTSRD
Environment is a major determinant of health of individual, family and community. Environmental health consists of preventing or controlling diseases, injury and disability related to interactions between people and their environment. Aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge regarding environmental health among women . Quasi experimental one group pretest and posttest design was used. Non. probability convenient sampling technique was adopted . the result findings shows that pre test mean score of environmental health was 11.3 with SD of 3.85 and the post test mean score was 23. 9with SD of 1.19. There was a statistically significant increase in the overall knowledge regarding environmental health after structured teaching programme at p .00001 level. Mrs P. Umalakshmi "Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Environmental Health among Women in Selected Setting, Chennai" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd41123.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/41123/effectiveness-of-planned-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-environmental-health-among-women-in-selected-setting-chennai/mrs-p-umalakshmi
Impact of Peer Educational Programme and Gender on Biology Students’ Knowledg...iosrjce
This paper examined the impact of peer educational programme and gender on Biology students’
knowledge of HIV/AIDS concept in two selected local government area in Ekiti State. The study adopted a
pretest-posttest control group quasi experimental design. The sample consisted of 192 SSS II Biology Students
from four schools randomly selected in Ekiti States. Three instruments used were -Teachers’ Instructional
Guides for: HIV/AIDS Peer Education and Conventional Lecture Method; Biology Science Students’
Knowledge Scale (r=0.80). Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using
ANCOVA and mean scores. Results showed that Treatment had significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131)
=32.62, P < .05). Gender had no significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). (The two-way
interaction effect of treatment and gender was not significant on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). peer
education strategy is therefore, recommended to be adopted by Biology teachers and curriculum planners.
Word Count: 158
Analysis of farmers Participation in Public Agricultural Extension Services: ...Premier Publishers
The study analyzed female-headed and male-headed households’ participation in public agricultural extension services: The Case of Meskan Woreda, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. The objectives were to assess participation of female-headed and male-headed farmers in major crop and livestock extension packages, and to identify determinants of participation. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique was employed to select Region, Woredas, and Kebeles. Samples were taken from four Kebeles: Wita, Yimariwacho third, Mesrak meskan and Welansho second based agro ecology using probability proportional to size sampling technique. Finally, a total of (143) sampled male (92) and female-headed households (51) were selected by using systematic random sampling method. Sampled household heads survey data were collected using pre-tested structured interview schedule, focus group discussions and key informants interview. Descriptive and Binary logistic were employed to analyze the collected survey data. Among 14 explanatory variables included in to the logit model: land size, Development agent contact frequency, and mass media exposure had positive and statistically significant while sex, age and market distance had negative and statistically significant on Farming household head’s in crop and livestock extension services. The study recommends that, enhancing efficient delivery of services and increasing young age of household head farmers in terms of equal sex participation, farm size, Development agent contact, and mass media access would improve household head farmers’ participation in public agricultural extension services.
Evaluation of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST) Extens...IJAEMSJORNAL
This research aimed to evaluate the NEUST extension service provided by the Business Administration (BA) Society on the members of Tanawan Mushroom Grower’s Association of Barangay Tanawan, Dingalan, Aurora. Evaluation research was made to assess the current situation of the cooperative in this remote barangay. Mushroom production is appropriate to the locality and its residents based on their economic profile, interests, and availability of resources.The climate of Barangay Tanawan also suits for mushroom growing. Likewise, mushroom growing requires little space and will not consume a lot of time of growers. The officers of the cooperative further requested that the BA Society could provide them free seeds and continuous assistance to make their association thrived in this business endeavor.
The Influence of Parental Level of Income in Pre-School Preference in Nyamira...paperpublications3
Abstract: This study investigates the parental level of income in pre-school preference for their young children in Nyamira division, Nyamira county-Kenya. The objective of this study was to determine the sources that parents use to earn income to support their children in preschools. The target population was 79 head teachers, 227 pre-school teachers and 4200 parents whose children are in pre-school from both public and private schools from 3 zones in Nyamira Division. The sample size was 10% of the target population and random and purposive sampling techniques was used to sample the population, Mugenda and Mugenda (2006). The study adopted descriptive research design and was informed by the Bromfenbrenner’s ecological theory of human development. The data collection instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules. Simple random techniques and purpose techniques were used to select primary school head teacher, pre-school teachers and parents. Using simple random sampling techniques, 10% of the parents were selected. Purposive sampling was used to select the 10% of for primary school head teachers and pre-school head. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics was used to describe and summarize data in form of frequencies distribution tables and means. The inferential statistics was used to make inference sand draw conclusions.The statistical package for social sciences (SSPS) version 22 was used to analyze data. Those from the interview schedules were analyzed using thematic analysis approach. The study found that parents with high income levels preferred private and expensive preschools due to quality of education offered in those preschools. On the other hand parents with low income prefer either cheap or public preschools for their children. The key recommendation was that the government should support parents with grants and small loans so that they can be able to support their preschool children in better and quality preschools.
CRITICISMS OF THE FUTURE AVAILABILITY IN SUSTAINABLE GENDER GOAL, ACCESS TO L...csijjournal
This paper begins with the understanding that criticizes in one of the Sustainable development gender goal, “Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property ” under the Populations growth and Climate Change. Because an increasing population generates a number of challenges for today and also in the future world. According to the results of World Population Prospect 2015, world population reached 7.3 billion as of mid-2015 and continually increasing to 11.2 billion in 2100, In the meanwhile world tempter anticipated to increase between 2.6 RCP and 8.6 RCP, therefore, world average sea level increase in between from 0.4m and 0.9 m in 2010 (IPCC,2014).as a reason world need to face negative demographical change send of this century. According to gender goals, UN wants to increase the women's new land access. but it generates the number of unsustainable results in future, because climate change and population growth affected to huge density and land ownership problems. Therefore in this paper criticized this Sustainable Development Goal and gender indicators, as same as discussed technological and sustainable suggestions under the Populations growth and Climate Change.
Annotated BibliographyGonzález, M. (2005). Access to Mental Heal.docxdurantheseldine
Annotated Bibliography
González, M. (2005). Access to Mental Health Services: The Struggle of Poverty Affected Urban Children of Color. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal,22(3), 245-256.
In this peer reviewed article, the author discusses that urban children of color especially those from low income families are at a greater risks of developing mental health problems. These children are also less likely to receive effective child mental health services as a result of poverty and so their health conditions continue to deteriorate. In this article the author put forth the barriers to mental health care as experienced by children of color together with their families. Gonzalez also stresses on the role of the social work in helping the children of color in urban areas access and benefit from mental health services.
De los Reyes-Aragon, C., Amar Amar, J., De Castro Correa, A., Lewis Harb, S., Madariaga, C., & Abello-Llanos, R. (2016). The Care and Development of Children Living in Contexts of Poverty. Journal of Child and Family Studies,25(12), 3637-3643.
The authors of this articles discuss that the circumstances under poverty can influence a child’s development. The study examines the development level of children that living in low income rural regions in Northern Colombia. Through their research, 18% of the assed children had developmental delay for their respective age groups. According to them, there is need for the improvement of the environmental conditions to help parents improve their caregiving practices.
Wong, Ma, & Chan. (2017). The impact of poverty on children in out-of-home care services in a Chinese context and the application of multiple family group therapy to enrich their family lives. Children and Youth Services Review,
This article focusses on Chinese children who were placed in out of home care in Hong Kong. These are children for disadvantaged families. The authors discuss that these children suffered mental illness, and substance abuse. The authors discuss on the best practices to rehabilitate these children.
Loha, E., Deressa, W., Solomon, T., Atsbeha, H., Hailu, A., & Lindtjørn, B. (2017). Anaemia among children in a drought affected community in south-central Ethiopia. PLoS One,12(3), E0170898.
This articles in addition discuses that children from low income families and poor regions are most likely to be diagnosed with anaemia. An increase in the prevalence of anaemia was observed in regions that had experienced draught and food shortage. Malaria is another disease they found out to be common in children living in low income areas.
Machell, Kyla ; Disabato, David ; Kashdan, Todd .Social Indicators Research, 2016, Vol.126(2), pp.845-861.
According to this article, the poor neighborhoods have little support from the government as far as developmental of rehabilitations centers, vocational training centers and guidance and counselling centers. These are the places useful for youths who did not complete school .
Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4P...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the academic performance of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries of the Grade VIII Students in Dipolog City Division South District. To find out the significant relationship between the factors affecting the academic performance and the academic performance and final grade in the previous grade level of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries. Employing documentary, descriptive correlation method of research, frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, ANOVA and Pearson r from 181 students of Grade VIII in Dipolog City South District Dipolog City. On the other hand, results revealed that students academic performance was satisfactory in terms of the final grade in the previous grade level. A conclusive statement drawn based on the results of the research found no significant relationship between all factors affecting academic performance and the academic performance of 4Ps beneficiaries. Sarah Mae C. Aranas | Marilyn G. Barbaso | Genevieve Q. Bermudez | Joan Abigail N. Pelpinosas | Edelene A. Tecson "Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries in Dipolog City Division South District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40078.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/40078/academic-performance-of-the-grade-viii-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-4ps-beneficiaries-in-dipolog-city-division-south-district/sarah-mae-c-aranas
Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4P...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the academic performance of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries of the Grade VIII Students in Dipolog City Division South District. To find out the significant relationship between the factors affecting the academic performance and the academic performance and final grade in the previous grade level of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries. Employing documentary, descriptive correlation method of research, frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, ANOVA and Pearson r from 181 students of Grade VIII in Dipolog City South District Dipolog City. On the other hand, results revealed that students academic performance was satisfactory in terms of the final grade in the previous grade level. A conclusive statement drawn based on the results of the research found no significant relationship between all factors affecting academic performance and the academic performance of 4Ps beneficiaries. Sarah Mae C. Aranas | Marilyn G. Barbaso | Genevieve Q. Bermudez | Joan Abigail N. Pelpinosas | Edelene A. Tecson "Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries in Dipolog City Division South District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40078.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/40078/academic-performance-of-the-grade-viii-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-4ps-beneficiaries-in-dipolog-city-division-south-district/sarah-mae-c-aranas
Impact of Peer Educational Programme and Gender on Biology Students’ Knowledg...iosrjce
This paper examined the impact of peer educational programme and gender on Biology students’
knowledge of HIV/AIDS concept in two selected local government area in Ekiti State. The study adopted a
pretest-posttest control group quasi experimental design. The sample consisted of 192 SSS II Biology Students
from four schools randomly selected in Ekiti States. Three instruments used were -Teachers’ Instructional
Guides for: HIV/AIDS Peer Education and Conventional Lecture Method; Biology Science Students’
Knowledge Scale (r=0.80). Three hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analyzed using
ANCOVA and mean scores. Results showed that Treatment had significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131)
=32.62, P < .05). Gender had no significant main effect on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). (The two-way
interaction effect of treatment and gender was not significant on knowledge (F (2,131) = 1.344, P > .05). peer
education strategy is therefore, recommended to be adopted by Biology teachers and curriculum planners.
Word Count: 158
Analysis of farmers Participation in Public Agricultural Extension Services: ...Premier Publishers
The study analyzed female-headed and male-headed households’ participation in public agricultural extension services: The Case of Meskan Woreda, Gurage Zone, Ethiopia. The objectives were to assess participation of female-headed and male-headed farmers in major crop and livestock extension packages, and to identify determinants of participation. A multi-stage purposive sampling technique was employed to select Region, Woredas, and Kebeles. Samples were taken from four Kebeles: Wita, Yimariwacho third, Mesrak meskan and Welansho second based agro ecology using probability proportional to size sampling technique. Finally, a total of (143) sampled male (92) and female-headed households (51) were selected by using systematic random sampling method. Sampled household heads survey data were collected using pre-tested structured interview schedule, focus group discussions and key informants interview. Descriptive and Binary logistic were employed to analyze the collected survey data. Among 14 explanatory variables included in to the logit model: land size, Development agent contact frequency, and mass media exposure had positive and statistically significant while sex, age and market distance had negative and statistically significant on Farming household head’s in crop and livestock extension services. The study recommends that, enhancing efficient delivery of services and increasing young age of household head farmers in terms of equal sex participation, farm size, Development agent contact, and mass media access would improve household head farmers’ participation in public agricultural extension services.
Evaluation of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST) Extens...IJAEMSJORNAL
This research aimed to evaluate the NEUST extension service provided by the Business Administration (BA) Society on the members of Tanawan Mushroom Grower’s Association of Barangay Tanawan, Dingalan, Aurora. Evaluation research was made to assess the current situation of the cooperative in this remote barangay. Mushroom production is appropriate to the locality and its residents based on their economic profile, interests, and availability of resources.The climate of Barangay Tanawan also suits for mushroom growing. Likewise, mushroom growing requires little space and will not consume a lot of time of growers. The officers of the cooperative further requested that the BA Society could provide them free seeds and continuous assistance to make their association thrived in this business endeavor.
The Influence of Parental Level of Income in Pre-School Preference in Nyamira...paperpublications3
Abstract: This study investigates the parental level of income in pre-school preference for their young children in Nyamira division, Nyamira county-Kenya. The objective of this study was to determine the sources that parents use to earn income to support their children in preschools. The target population was 79 head teachers, 227 pre-school teachers and 4200 parents whose children are in pre-school from both public and private schools from 3 zones in Nyamira Division. The sample size was 10% of the target population and random and purposive sampling techniques was used to sample the population, Mugenda and Mugenda (2006). The study adopted descriptive research design and was informed by the Bromfenbrenner’s ecological theory of human development. The data collection instruments were questionnaires and interview schedules. Simple random techniques and purpose techniques were used to select primary school head teacher, pre-school teachers and parents. Using simple random sampling techniques, 10% of the parents were selected. Purposive sampling was used to select the 10% of for primary school head teachers and pre-school head. The data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics was used to describe and summarize data in form of frequencies distribution tables and means. The inferential statistics was used to make inference sand draw conclusions.The statistical package for social sciences (SSPS) version 22 was used to analyze data. Those from the interview schedules were analyzed using thematic analysis approach. The study found that parents with high income levels preferred private and expensive preschools due to quality of education offered in those preschools. On the other hand parents with low income prefer either cheap or public preschools for their children. The key recommendation was that the government should support parents with grants and small loans so that they can be able to support their preschool children in better and quality preschools.
CRITICISMS OF THE FUTURE AVAILABILITY IN SUSTAINABLE GENDER GOAL, ACCESS TO L...csijjournal
This paper begins with the understanding that criticizes in one of the Sustainable development gender goal, “Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property ” under the Populations growth and Climate Change. Because an increasing population generates a number of challenges for today and also in the future world. According to the results of World Population Prospect 2015, world population reached 7.3 billion as of mid-2015 and continually increasing to 11.2 billion in 2100, In the meanwhile world tempter anticipated to increase between 2.6 RCP and 8.6 RCP, therefore, world average sea level increase in between from 0.4m and 0.9 m in 2010 (IPCC,2014).as a reason world need to face negative demographical change send of this century. According to gender goals, UN wants to increase the women's new land access. but it generates the number of unsustainable results in future, because climate change and population growth affected to huge density and land ownership problems. Therefore in this paper criticized this Sustainable Development Goal and gender indicators, as same as discussed technological and sustainable suggestions under the Populations growth and Climate Change.
Annotated BibliographyGonzález, M. (2005). Access to Mental Heal.docxdurantheseldine
Annotated Bibliography
González, M. (2005). Access to Mental Health Services: The Struggle of Poverty Affected Urban Children of Color. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal,22(3), 245-256.
In this peer reviewed article, the author discusses that urban children of color especially those from low income families are at a greater risks of developing mental health problems. These children are also less likely to receive effective child mental health services as a result of poverty and so their health conditions continue to deteriorate. In this article the author put forth the barriers to mental health care as experienced by children of color together with their families. Gonzalez also stresses on the role of the social work in helping the children of color in urban areas access and benefit from mental health services.
De los Reyes-Aragon, C., Amar Amar, J., De Castro Correa, A., Lewis Harb, S., Madariaga, C., & Abello-Llanos, R. (2016). The Care and Development of Children Living in Contexts of Poverty. Journal of Child and Family Studies,25(12), 3637-3643.
The authors of this articles discuss that the circumstances under poverty can influence a child’s development. The study examines the development level of children that living in low income rural regions in Northern Colombia. Through their research, 18% of the assed children had developmental delay for their respective age groups. According to them, there is need for the improvement of the environmental conditions to help parents improve their caregiving practices.
Wong, Ma, & Chan. (2017). The impact of poverty on children in out-of-home care services in a Chinese context and the application of multiple family group therapy to enrich their family lives. Children and Youth Services Review,
This article focusses on Chinese children who were placed in out of home care in Hong Kong. These are children for disadvantaged families. The authors discuss that these children suffered mental illness, and substance abuse. The authors discuss on the best practices to rehabilitate these children.
Loha, E., Deressa, W., Solomon, T., Atsbeha, H., Hailu, A., & Lindtjørn, B. (2017). Anaemia among children in a drought affected community in south-central Ethiopia. PLoS One,12(3), E0170898.
This articles in addition discuses that children from low income families and poor regions are most likely to be diagnosed with anaemia. An increase in the prevalence of anaemia was observed in regions that had experienced draught and food shortage. Malaria is another disease they found out to be common in children living in low income areas.
Machell, Kyla ; Disabato, David ; Kashdan, Todd .Social Indicators Research, 2016, Vol.126(2), pp.845-861.
According to this article, the poor neighborhoods have little support from the government as far as developmental of rehabilitations centers, vocational training centers and guidance and counselling centers. These are the places useful for youths who did not complete school .
Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4P...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the academic performance of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries of the Grade VIII Students in Dipolog City Division South District. To find out the significant relationship between the factors affecting the academic performance and the academic performance and final grade in the previous grade level of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries. Employing documentary, descriptive correlation method of research, frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, ANOVA and Pearson r from 181 students of Grade VIII in Dipolog City South District Dipolog City. On the other hand, results revealed that students academic performance was satisfactory in terms of the final grade in the previous grade level. A conclusive statement drawn based on the results of the research found no significant relationship between all factors affecting academic performance and the academic performance of 4Ps beneficiaries. Sarah Mae C. Aranas | Marilyn G. Barbaso | Genevieve Q. Bermudez | Joan Abigail N. Pelpinosas | Edelene A. Tecson "Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries in Dipolog City Division South District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40078.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/40078/academic-performance-of-the-grade-viii-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-4ps-beneficiaries-in-dipolog-city-division-south-district/sarah-mae-c-aranas
Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4P...YogeshIJTSRD
This study aimed to assess the academic performance of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries of the Grade VIII Students in Dipolog City Division South District. To find out the significant relationship between the factors affecting the academic performance and the academic performance and final grade in the previous grade level of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program 4Ps beneficiaries. Employing documentary, descriptive correlation method of research, frequency count, percentage, weighted mean, ANOVA and Pearson r from 181 students of Grade VIII in Dipolog City South District Dipolog City. On the other hand, results revealed that students academic performance was satisfactory in terms of the final grade in the previous grade level. A conclusive statement drawn based on the results of the research found no significant relationship between all factors affecting academic performance and the academic performance of 4Ps beneficiaries. Sarah Mae C. Aranas | Marilyn G. Barbaso | Genevieve Q. Bermudez | Joan Abigail N. Pelpinosas | Edelene A. Tecson "Academic Performance of the Grade VIII Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) Beneficiaries in Dipolog City Division South District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40078.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/40078/academic-performance-of-the-grade-viii-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-4ps-beneficiaries-in-dipolog-city-division-south-district/sarah-mae-c-aranas
An explorative study of the present status of People of Amlasole and Its surr...inventionjournals
The study was conducted to know the present socio-economic status of Amlasole and its surrounding villages. Amlasole is located at Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, India. This Community based crosssectional survey was conducted in 29 villages of Binpur-II Block of Paschim Medinipur. 20 per cent of the total household in each village was selected as sample size. Thus the total sample size was found out to be 398. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was administered to 398 households to get an in-depth information on social, economic, cultural and health status of the people of this region. From the study it was found that illiteracy, poverty and ill health prevail extensively in Amlasole and its surrounding villages. Malnutrition, especially among the children, still continues to be a problem there. People still die there due to TB, Malaria, Food Poisoning etc
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Gender Imbalance in India Causes and Emerging Issuesijtsrd
The provisional data of 2011 Census has once again highlighted the problem of severe sex imbalance in the country, especially in 0 6 age group. According to Census of 2011, the sex ratio in 0 6 year’s age group has declined to 914 females per 1000 males as compared to 927 in 2001. It shows an increasing trend of male preference as compared to female in the last decade. The phenomenon of son preference is coupled with death of young females due to lack of medical care, under nutrition, female infanticide, and sex selective abortions. Sen 1992, 2003 first addressed the disturbing trend by highlighting that millions of females in India are missing because of widespread neglect in health care, nutrition and prenatal care. The steep decline in sex ratio in northern and western states is a cause of worry. Technological developments permitting sex selective abortions have seriously aggravated sex imbalance in these states. The trend of rapid decline in sex ratio has given rise to serious social, demographic and cultural problems. This present paper attempts to explain the causes for gender imbalance and its implications on the society as a whole. Chandrakant N. Kokate "Gender Imbalance in India: Causes and Emerging Issues" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd34696.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/financial-economics/34696/gender-imbalance-in-india-causes-and-emerging-issues/chandrakant-n-kokate
FATHERS’ RESILIENCE IN COPING WITH THEIR NEW ROLE AS SINGLE FATHERS AFTER THE...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Families that are no longer intactleads to a restructuring of familial roles, necessitating single
parents to undertake dual responsibilities as both fathers and mothers for their children. This study aims to
describe the problems confronted by single fathers and their adaptive strategies during the Covid-19 pandemic
in Purbalingga Regency. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation,
interviews, and documentation. The findings illuminated the multifaceted difficulties encountered by single
fathers, encompassing childcare, sociall roles, family economy, and biological needs (sexual desires).
Additionally, this study highlighted the resilient capabilities exhibited by single fathers, encompassing causal
analysis, self-efficacy, emotional regulation, empathy, and impulse control. Moreover, single fathers showed
their dedication to fulfilling the diverse roles of a father, including being a child specialist and educator, a
teacher and role model, a protector, caregiver, and provider for their children.
Keywords: single father, problems, role, resilience, Covid-19.
A Study of the parents Opinion on Discrimination among degree College student...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Cosmetics are defined as “items with mild action on the human body for the purpose of cleaning, beautifying, adding to the attractiveness, altering the appearance, or keeping or promoting the skin or hair in good condition- while functional cosmetics, even if falling under the cosmetic definition, are designated as “items fulfilling specific actions like skin whitening, minimizing the appearance of lines in the face and body, protecting from the sun and sun tanning-. Ahiya Noor | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Cosmetic Science: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45135/cosmetic-science-an-overview/ahiya-noor
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ParalysisYogeshIJTSRD
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This research study is geared on determining the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators. Included on the aim is to know their experiences and story being considered as teacher by accident. A qualitative research design was applied in this study. Researchers conducted a personal interview with the respondents with the aid of a guide questions which all points to main issue of this study. The findings of the study revealed that out of seven respondents, four are on the age bracket of 21 to 25 years old, two respondents are on the age bracket of 26 to 30 years old and a single respondent is on the age bracket of 36 to 40 years. Most of the respondents find enthusiasm in teaching and are aware that there is a need for them to proceed in post graduate studies for them to have a considerable salary. As to financial stability, only 1out of 7 considers herself as financially stable. The rest are saying that as of the moment, they are not yet financially stable basing on the rate of their salary. Qualification matters a lot in the field of academe because this was being shared by one of the respondents who considers herself as financially stable. Also, all of the respondents do not consider teaching as their first career of choice but most of them does not have any plan of shifting to another career. Girlie N. Cañete | Harry Santiago P. Achas | Pamela N. Cañete "Criminology Educators: Triumphs and Struggles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45082.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45082/criminology-educators-triumphs-and-struggles/girlie-n-cañete
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering this a lot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that is to be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economical aspects. Naveen Kumar | Ms. Shivani "Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45089/evaluation-of-different-paving-mixes-using-optimum-stabilizing-content/naveen-kumar
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
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the region (Provincial Profile, 2009). Having the
incidence of poverty, it is but a logical point for
research especially for Social Scientist like the
researcher to consider what the emergent roles poor
families have in the real functional context of poor
families in Northern Samar. Baseline data gathered in
this study will therefore serve as the takeoff point in
designing future development programs and the like
ultimately geared towards giving the solutions to
these problems.
This study brings in the voice of the unheard in the
desire to pushing up front the voices of the poor
families of Northern Samar (the researched). The
researcher, being a social scientist, put more premium
on the voices of the marginalized and their coping
mechanism to surface. But why Northern Samar; and
why the poor people? Educational management must
not be confined only in the formal academic
environment, but the school must be radiated to areas
with unheard voices. This ushers the opportunity of
curving education-based intervention to welcome
poverty eradication as the next concept and concern
for future research studies.
Another study conducted along poverty reduction was
that of Reyes (2004), the same is true in the study of
Hokander, however these studies have as its emphasis
gender participation. Hokander’s study delved much
on the reproductive health as a contributory factor to
development and poverty reduction.
In the paper presented by Urquico (2010) she pointed
out that 4Ps potential is likely to be particularly high
in areas where the provision of basic social services,
such as schools and health facilities are adequate and
accessible. In areas where such provision is non-
existent or highly inaccessible as in the remote rural
areas, conditional cash transfer programs just like the
4Ps are likely to have far limited effects.
As to the question of who are considered poor, the
provincial profile refers to them as individuals and the
families whose incomes fall below the official
poverty threshold as defined by the government.
These are those who cannot afford to provide in a
sustained manner their minimum basic needs for
food, health, education, housing and other social
amenities of life. Data from the same source noted
that three (3) out of ten families in Northern Samar
are not capable of providing the basic food
requirements. With this scenario at present is the
question of who is to be blamed. Is it the parents or
the children? What are the existing functions of the
family members that may or may not contribute to the
welfare of the family? These are among the concerns
of Social Science, thus, it fascinated the researcher’s
interest and the discipline where academic strength
come and pushes that intellectual urge to design one,
thus this study.
II. METHODOLOGY
The descriptive method is a useful tool for fact
finding. Since this study aims to investigate poor
families’ roles, this particular method is used.
Moreover, this method was employed by previous
researchers in probing into problems which were
parallel to those posed in this present study.
Correlational procedures were adopted in order to
gather reliable data that helped described how poor
families made use of their emerging roles in the
performance of various responsibilities and functions
of the family.
The respondents were drawn through purposive
sampling. The list of poor families was sought from
the Department of Social Welfare and Development
(DSWD) Office of the three chosen municipalities.
More weight in the selection of the respondents was
given to the beneficiaries of the PantawidPamilyang
Pilipino Program (4Ps). For the Balicuatro area
represented by the municipality of Lavezares, it had
2, 239 4Ps recipients; central area represented by the
municipality of Catarman, 6,788 recipients; while the
pacific area represented by the municipality of
Pambujan, 1, 745 recipients. However, to ensure
higher reliability in appraising the results derived
from the study, the following samples per area were
as follows, Balicuatro Area had 100 respondents,
Central Area had 250 respondents, and Pacific Area
had 100 participants.
Data Gathering Procedures
In the in-depth description of the socio-demographic
characteristics and profile of the poor families of
selected communities of the province of Northern
Samar, secondary data from NSO, Provincial Profile
of Northern Samar and other available sources of data
in the different municipality were reviewed and
analyzed. Similarly, data from the survey
questionnaire was part in the comprehensive
discussion of the same parameter.
In the exploration of the roles and coping mechanisms
of poor families in selected communities in Northern
Samar, mix methods were used. The researcher
constructed a survey questionnaire which helped
analyze the roles played by the different members of
the family. On the other hand, to ensure validity of
the data, face to face interview was employed and
conducted.
This study centered on the group of poor families.
The members of the poor families just like any
category or class of members in a community had
their construction of what and how is it being poor.
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This means that information and knowledge are but
realities and realities are in multiple structures.
Furthermore, in the use of qualitative method, the
interview gave the marginalized poor their own voice
in their construction of the varied roles they use to
play in the accomplishment of the family’s functions,
making them visible and enabling their version of
reality not as an outsider’s view and perspective to be
heard and known (Hugo and Thompson,1995:53 as
cited by Cabatac, 2009). It also shows recognition not
only of their knowledge but also of them as
knowledge-bearers, generators and source.
This study employed the more common techniques of
survey questionnaire, and the validation used
interviews, and review of secondary materials and
documents. This was with her desire on the issue of
validity and reliability of data which were gathered.
The methodology formed part of the best contribution
of this study to the pool of knowledge specifically in
the field of educational management, knowing that
qualitative research is not within the umbrella of its
trend.
Informal interviews were used in the collection of the
data. The informal interview which was not usually
favored by many informants, was done while the
family members had no major family activity and
during break from their work. This technique, similar
to the other techniques ensured naturalness and
authenticity of responses as the informants were on
their natural setting and environment. Conversations
in an atmosphere like this may not have led the
informants to recall and relate their past experiences
with the present knowledge of their roles in the
family. This authentically gave the researcher the
needed data as observation came along this technique.
Data gathered employing this technique was validated
through the key informant interviews.
For the key informant (KI) interviews, the
reconnaissance visits were conducted upon approval
of the research proposal. This reconnaissance visits
gave the researcher enough opportunity to identify
key informants. The key informants were those who
were considered by the community to be
knowledgeable considering the parameters in defining
“poor families”. The definition of terms was included
for the sake of exclusivity in the study and for proper
direction in the frame/context of the study.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The first sets of data discuss about the socio-
demographic characteristics of the poor families in
selected communities in Northern Samar in terms of
parent’s educational attainment, monthly income,
source pf income, spending patterns; and also, the
profile of poor families in terms of structural factors,
economic status and social misfortune.
In the 450 family respondents, 153 fathers or 34%
and 125 mothers or 27.8% were elementary level, 110
fathers or 24.4% and 113 mothers or 25.1% were
elementary graduates, 79 fathers or 17.6% and 76
mothers or 16.9% were high school level and only 66
fathers or 14.7% and 71 mothers or 15.8% were high
school graduates. The least of the number of fathers
and mothers belonged to the college level with 42 or
9.3% and 65 or 14.4%, respectively.
This could only mean that poor families of the
province of today also come from poor families too,
with considering the old standard of NEDA that
families with income from 5,000 and below are poor.
Basically, parents of every family had their respective
roles attached and expected of them. This part
discusses the roles of parents in relation to income
generation, provision of basic needs and family
spending.
Role of the Family
Table 1 presents the parents’ roles on Income
Generation, Provision of Basic Needs, and Family
Spending, “the parents give the whole income for the
family” ranked first. This means that the parents’
earnings were spent entirely for their families. “The
parents observe thriftiness with regard to unnecessary
spending” ranked second, while “The family
members work all throughout the waking hours to
earn money” ranked third. This means that the parents
spent the whole day to earn the basic necessities for
their family.
On the other hand, the least or occasionally
performed roles were “the parents accept immediate
paid labor and leave the major source of income”,
“The family members avoid over spending”, “The
parents give only a part of the income for the family”.
This means that the parents avoided overspending to
prevent them from doing extra work and concentrate
more on their major livelihood strategy.
Also in table 1, it presents the roles in the provision of
basic needs, the first three frequently performed roles
were; “The parents allocate budget to start up the
education of the young”, “The parents prepare the
food daily”; and “The parents are responsible in the
construction of the house”. This means that the
parents were responsible in providing the basic needs
of their family.
On the contrary, the least frequently performed roles
in the provision of basic needs were, “The parents
provide regular budget for food”, “The parents
provide all the needs of the family”, and “The parents
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provide all the other needs of the family”. Bringing
back the discussion into the monthly and source of
income of the family, these two factors may lead to
the least performance of such roles. This means that
having a meager income, the parents can hardly
exercise their responsibilities in terms of providing
what the family needs.
Lastly in Table 1, it showed the family spending,
“Closely monitor when family members are doing
tasks”, “Share much of the responsibilities”, “Tell the
members of the family what has to be done and how
to do it”, “Lead the family activities”, “Affairs of the
family are our responsibility”.
This means that the parents were authorities, guide
and direct the family in terms of spending the
resources of the family, however to the utmost
involvement of family members in the spending
affairs of the family.
The parent’s least or occasionally performed the
following spending emergent roles; “On significant
matter/s about the family, I don’t tell my family”,
“Make consider suggestions made by other members
on plans of upcoming projects”. These findings
adhere to the basic culture of the Filipino family of
reminding family members of their weaknesses with
the end in view of properly guiding and directing the
towards the right path of life.
Table 1 Role of the Family – Income Generation, Provision of Basic Needs, and Family Spending
Role of the Family Analysis
Income Generation
1. The family give the whole income for the family. Frequent
2. The family members observe thriftiness with regards to unnecessary spending. Frequent
3. The family members work all throughout the waking hours to earn money. Frequent
4. The family members dominate much of the earnings of the family. Frequent
5. The family members works 7 days a week and 8 hours a day. Frequent
6. The family members do not engage in any vice to ensure that income is intact for the
family.
Frequent
7. The family members accept extra work whenever possible to ensure enough income for
the family.
Frequent
8. The family members give only a part of the income for the family. Frequent
9. The family members avoid overspending. Frequent
10. The family members accept immediate paid labor and leave the major source of income. Frequent
Provision of Basic Needs
11. The parents allocate budget to start up the education of the young Always
12. the parents prepare the food daily Always
13. The parents are responsible in the construction of the house Always
14. The parents plan out for the education of the young. Frequent
15. The parents provide the food according to its availability Frequent
16. The parents are responsible for the clothing needs of the family. Frequent
17. The parents manage the repair and maintenance of the house. Frequent
18. The parents provide all the other needs of the family. Frequent
19. The parents provide all the needs of the family. Frequent
20. The parents provide regular budget for food. Frequent
Family Saving
21. Closely monitor when family members are doing tasks Frequent
22. Share much of the responsibilities Frequent
23. Tell the members of the family what has to be done and how to do it Frequent
24. Lead the family activities Frequent
25. Affairs of the family are our responsibility Frequent
26. Make the final decision-making authority in terms of spending within the family Frequent
27. Allow family members to carry out the decisions to do the tasks. Frequent
28. Allow family members to use their creativity and ingenuity in solving family problems Frequent
29. They command and they do the command Frequent
30. Give freedom to exercise self-direction and let them show their self-worth Frequent
31. When there are differences in role expectations, we work with them to resolve the
differences
Frequent
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32. Allow family members to determine and decide what needs to be done and how to do it. Frequent
33. When things go wrong, they usually think and do strategies to keep things running on
schedule.
Frequent
34. Delegate the tasks to the members of the family Frequent
35. When something goes wrong, s/he tells the family members that a procedure is not
working correctly/properly, and establishes a new one.
Frequent
36. For every major decision, they ask the approval of each member of the family Frequent
37. Create an environment in which every family member is part of any activity of the family.
Allow them to participate in the decision-making process.
Frequent
38. They get my family members’ advice Frequent
39. Expect the family to do tasks related to objectives, household’s affairs, community
involvement and political affairs
Frequent
40. Direct or threats family members with punishment in order to get them achieve the family
affairs/activities
Frequent
41. Always employ win-win decision. Frequent
42. Use leadership power to help the family members grow Frequent
43. Command and never do the share in doing the tasks. Frequent
44. When a family member makes mistakes s/he is/will be/given a corresponding punishment. Frequent
45. When a family member makes mistakes, I tell him/her not to ever do it again. Frequent
46. Ask for the ideas and inputs of the family members on plans of upcoming projects, etc. Frequent
47. Make consider the suggestions made by other members of the family Frequent
48. On significant matter/s about the family, I don’t tell my family Frequent
Coping Mechanism
Table 2 shows the mechanisms of how the poor families coped with their income generation, provision of food
and family spending. Among the coping mechanism of poor families, the frequently practiced mechanisms were,
“Generally, the culture of sharing is observed in the family”, “The father accepts extra works to augment
income” and “Married children share financial burden with the family”. This means that the father had to find
ways and means to earn a living. Undeniably, the Filipino culture of sharing is still practiced bythe poor families
in Northern Samar.
Least or seldom practiced were, “Depend on dole out from neighbors, relatives and friends”, “A member of the
family has to stop schooling and work to augment the income of the family”, and “Ask regular financial
contribution from the children whether married or not”. This means that in the culture of sharing, dependency
from other families with no relations is not cultivated. No one is sacrificed of his/her education in the process of
providing/adding income to the family which runs counter to what had been observed by the researcher in some
of the visited families who were 4Ps recipient.
Table 2 Coping Mechanisms – Income Generation
Coping Mechanisms Analysis
1. Generally, the culture of sharing is observed in the family Frequent
2. The father accepts extra works to augment income Frequent
3. Married children share financial burden with the family Occasional
4. Everybody in the family enters extra work for extra pay. Occasional
5. The mother accepts regular extra work from neighbors and other people Occasional
6. The married children help in the generation of income for the family Occasional
7. Children schooling are made to work every Saturdays and Sundays or as the need
arises
Seldom
8. Ask regular financial contribution from the children whether married or not. Seldom
9. A member of the family has to stop schooling and work to augment the income of the
family
Seldom
10. Depend on dole out from neighbors, relatives and friends Seldom
Looking at the ranking of the coping mechanisms under provision of basic needs, it can be gleaned in Table 3
that the occasionally practiced were “The father doubles his major task to support and satisfy the basic needs of
the family”, “The mother accepts extra work like doing laundry, caring for other family’s children on a daily
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payment basis”, and “Borrow money and other non-cash in exchange of future paid labor”. This indicates that
both parents worked hard for them to provide the basic needs of the family. Furthermore, the relatives were the
best support system in the provision of the basic needs.
“The eldest child of the family has to go to an urban/city area for a job to finance the basic needs of the family”,
“Any member of the family has to go to an urban/city area for a job to finance the basic needs of the family”,
and “The mother works in the city and sends money to finance the basic and other needs of the family”, were the
least or seldom practiced/done in the provision of basic need of the poor families in the province. This may be
because of the satisfaction of the family on the income earned from livelihood strategy which they were used to.
Table 3 Coping Mechanism – Provision of Basic Needs
Coping Mechanism Analysis
1. The father doubles his major task to support and satisfy the basic needs of the family Occasional
2. The mother accepts extra work like doing laundry, caring for other family’s children
on a daily payment basis
Occasional
3. Borrow money and other non-cash in exchange of future paid labor Occasional
4. Resort to borrowing money and other non-cash needs from relatives. Occasional
5. Older children are made to work on non-school days like pedicab driving, being sent
to errands by relatives, well-to-do families, etc.
Occasional
6. Resort to borrowing money and other non-cash from neighbors Seldom
7. Borrow money and other non-cash in exchange of any errand to any member of the
family.
Seldom
8. The mother works in the city and sends money to finance the basic and other needs of
the family
Seldom
9. Any member of the family has to go to an urban/city area for a job to finance the basic
needs of the family
Seldom
10. The eldest child of the family has to go to an urban/city area for a job to finance the
basic needs of the family
Seldom
In terms of family spending Table 4 shows that the coping mechanisms were occasionally done on: “Any
member of the family is consulted for decision on spending matter”, “Never leave the children unattended by
either a father or a mother”, and “In the absence of both parents, a specific member is assigned to manage the
family spending activities”; while the least or seldom shown coping mechanisms on familyspending were “In all
family affairs, decision on spending is always put upon the shoulders of the close friends”, “In all family affairs,
decision on spending is always put upon the shoulders of non- relatives” and “ In all family affairs, decision on
spending is always put upon the shoulders of the close relatives”. This indicates that decisions relative to family
spending were the major task of the parents as well as the other members of the family.
Table 4 Coping Mechanism – Family Spending
Coping Mechanisms Analysis
1. Any member of the family is consulted for decision on spending matter Occasional
2. Never leave the children unattended by either a father or a mother Occasional
3. In the absence of both parents, a specific member is assigned to manage the family
spending activities.
Occasional
4. Parents used to carry all children, wherever they may go in search for greener
pasture.
Occasional
5. In any family affairs/activity, the children are made to decide in terms of spending Occasionally
6. The eldest decide for the family in terms of spending even if parents are around Seldom
7. In the absence of both parents, the other members of the family are left to the
relatives nearby
Seldom
8. In all family affairs, decision on spending is always put upon the shoulders of the
close relatives
Seldom
9. In all family affairs, decision on spending is always put upon the shoulders of non-
relatives
Seldom
10. In all family affairs, decision on spending is always put upon the shoulders of the
close friends
Seldom
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Role and Coping Mechanism
Multiple regression (MR) analysis was employed to test the effect of coping mechanism to the roles of poor
families. The analysis revealed an R -Square value of .005 which means that only 0.5 percent of the variance of
the input variable which is the coping mechanism in terms of income generation, provisions of basic needs, and
family spending of the respondents were attributed to the output variable, the role of the poor families. The
resulting F-value of 0.684 with a significant value of 0.562 that was greater than the 0.05 alpha level means that
the effect of the coping mechanism on the roles of poor families was not significant. These findings indicate that
the role of poor families was not affected by how the respondents coped with their family spending. R-Square
b]value shows that if the input variable us used as predictor of the output variable is just arrived by chance.
Table 5 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Model Sum of Squares dt Mean Square F Sig.
Regression
Residual
.792
172.013
3
446
0.264
0.386
.684 .562a
Total 172.805 449
IV. CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this study, the following are
the conclusions and implications.
Among the parents’ role on income generation, giving
of the whole income for the family was frequently
practiced while accepting immediate paid labor and
leaving the major source of income was least or
occasionally practiced. On the provision of basic
needs, the frequently performed role was the daily
preparation of food by the parents and the least
frequently practiced was the provision of regular
budget for food. On family spending, the frequently
performed role was that the parents made the final
decision, making authority and the occasionally
practiced was that, the parents did not tell the family
on significant matters. Also, the analysis of the
relationship of the coping mechanism and the role of
the 4Ps family indicated that the role of poor families
was not affected by how the respondents coped with
their family spending.
Based on the concluded statements and implications
from the findings of the study, the following
recommendations were derived:
1. The government through the Local Government
Units must/shall design their governmental
programs considering poverty and their being
poor as the springboard and the primary
instrument for the transmission of social
development. LGUs that offer scholarship in aid
to poor families have to be sustained.
2. Challenges are great, so too are the opportunities.
Opportunities from the government, livelihood
loans and grants have to be provided to augment
the poor families’ economic status and excellently
overcome misfortunes. Government effort
through TESDA having specialized programs for
the poor has to reach the family implementation.
3. Community focus group discussions, seminars,
fora and the like must be regularly conducted to
poor families to strengthen their awareness and
develop in-depth skills in the development of
their income generation, provision of basic needs
and family spending skills.
4. The academe must strengthen linkages with the
local government units in the widening and
broadening of focus of the Alternative Learning
System presently in place at the Department of
Education.
5. Programs and activities have to be designed both
by the academe and other government
organizations that cater to the coping mechanism
needs of poor communities. Non-government
organization must be encouraged to actively
participate in the drafting and final
implementation of these programs and activities.
6. More future thesis, dissertations and other formal
researches should be conducted considering poor
families and poor communities as subjects. The
same will bring into attention of the law makers
the issues and concerns confronting poor people.
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