cultural studies for English Net

2. Culture
Garret
• Greenblatt’s definition of Culture
• Hegel
• Cultural rext

3. Circuit of Culture
• Paul du Gay
• Analysis of ‘Cultural Artefact’
• Representation
• Identity (Gender, Sex, Race, economic, national, ethnicity)
• Production
• Consumption (Mall Culture)
• Regulation

4. The Souls of Black Folk
• W. E. B. Du Bois
• African American "double consciousness“
• Paul Gilroy
• "The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness"
• Franz Fanon

5. Representation
• Language/Discourse – interpret cultural signs -
• All Representations are based on Difference
• Meaning Production – Language
• “Power” Controls Meaning
• Discourse
• Culture creates meaning – Name and Gender
• Girl = Doll
• Boy = Tool

6. Gender studies
 "One is not born a woman, one becomes one.“
 Gender is Fluid
 social and cultural constructions
 Freud – “Penis Envy”
Jung – “Anima” “Animus”
#377
#Me_Too
Nature Vs Nurture ?

8. Sexuality

9. Judith Butler – Gender Trouble
• Perfomitivity
• sex is biological
• gender is culturally constructed
no identity exists behind gender
speech utterances, gestures and representations, dress codes and
behaviors, prohibitions and taboos
Michel Foucault - "Discipline and Punish“
Soul and body

10. • “…it becomes impossible to separate out ‘gender’ from the political
and cultural intersections in which it is invariably produced and
maintained”
• “Gender is the repeated stylization of the body, a set of repeated acts
within a highly rigid regulatory frame that congeal over time to
produce the appearance of substance”
• Drag Queens
• way to resist the power structures

11. Eve Segwick – Epistemology of the Closet
• sex is chromosomal
• gender is constructed
• race and class
• Sexuality -
• closet as the “defining structure for gay oppression in this century”
• Gender as a Choice
• Axiom 1: People are different from each other
• Axiom 2: The study of sexuality is not coextensive with the study of
gender

12. • Axiom 5: The historical search for a Great Paradigm Shift may obscure
the present conditions of sexual identity
• “the closet”
• Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray,
• Herman Melville’s Billy Budd
• Proust’s Remembrance of Things Past

13. Michel Foucault – The History of Sexuality

15. "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema"
• Laura Mulvey
• “Male gaze”
• Women as Object
• Objectification and Identification
• Lacan's mirror stage
• Hetero Normative View

16. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the
Origin and Spread of Nationalism
• Benedict Anderson
• connection between culture and psychology
• Members do not personally know each
other
• to imagine themselves as “brethren”

17. • Walter Benjamin - The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical
Reproduction

18. The Practice of Everyday Life
• Walking in the City

19. Everyday Life
• Consumer of Culture
• Producer of Culture
• Producer make culture – structure is governed by Discourse –
• Consumed by individuals – it further makes more production
• Slowly Objects and Events become part of that culture
• Lifestyle is matter of individual choice
• Individual transforms global culture in their native context.
• Jeans and Duppatta

20. Cultural Intermediaries
• Pierre Bourdieu
• Media – Big Boss
• Producer – Ad – Consumer
• Media Transfers Ideologies
• Suggestive and Provocative
• Glocalization
• Cyber-Counter Culture
• Consumption and identity – car owner has power and rich identity

21. Different Facets of Culture
• Language
• Identity
• Everyday Life
• Ethnography
• Media Studies
• Reception and Audience Studies
• Cultural Intermediaries
• Somebody creates culture and sells it

22. Subculture: The Meaning of Style
Subculture: The Meaning of Style

23. Foucault
• Dsvursive Formaipon

24. Interdisciplinary fields

25. Advertisement

26. Greenblatt
• Self fashioning
• Zietgeitz
• Social emnerhgy
• Literary theory ands cultuyral studies
• Structuralisyt – kinship
• Translation
• Cultural sign 5 codes
• Lanuage game metanarrative hyperreal hyperm,ofdernmis,m sopeed

27. “Disjunction and Difference in the Global
Cultural Economy”
• Arjun Appadurai - Globalization
• homogenization vs. heterogenization
• Commodification/Americanization
• Global Market - often indigenized - local culture – Glocalize
• opposed to the account of globalisation as cultural
imperialism
• five ‘scapes’ of global culture
• ethnoscapes, mediascapes, technoscapes, finanscapes and
ideoscapes.

28. • Five Scapes create “imagined communities”
• “imagined worlds” vs “imagined communities”
• “ethnoscape”
• “technoscape"
• “Mediascapes” – reality through visual representations
• “ideoscape” – god and liberty should be translated when crossing
the boundries
• global movement -> disjunction – “finanscapes”
• Deterritorialization -> tension b/w openness to Glzn and
• retain ntv cl

29. On Photography
• Susan Sontag
• Feuerbach “our age prefers the photograph to the real thing”
• images are capable of replacing reality
• Extension of reality
• see something before we experience it
• Pictoral turn

30. The Poetics of Space
• Gaston Bachelard
• phenomenological approach
• Interior domestic space
• “all really inhabited space bears the essence of the notion of home”
• home as the manifestation of the soul through the poetic image
• Topoanlysis
• understanding the house is a way to understand the soul
• When we enter a new house we are flooded with experiences of prior
homes,

31. “topoanalysis”
• "the systematic psychological study of the sites of out intimate lives"
• Topophilia
• Attic (clarity of mind) and basement (darker)
• Irrational vs rational
• The urban boxes
• imagination
• darker

32. The Production of Space
• Henri Lefebvre
• Donald Nicholson-Smith (Translator)
• Mental space vs. real space
• two distinct space: natural space and socially produced spaced
• space is a social product or a complex social construction
• social production of meanings
• means of control, and hence of domination, of power
• soviet constructivists failed – socialist spaces

33. • physical space, mental space and social space – also referred to as
• perceived, conceived and lived spaces
• symbolism and meaning
• The Critique of Everyday Life
• "Change life!" and "Change society!
• Situationists
• space is all about power.

34. Mythologies
• “Myth Today”
• Deconstructing Ideologies of culture
• myth, is not limited to lingual signs
• But also to connotation
• "a science of forms“
• a story that society tells itself in order to justify
• its own world the way that it is.

35. • "building dwelling thinking"
• not all buildings are designed for dwelling
• factories, office buildings, schools

36. • Acculturation
• Advertisement – (Acquiring a brand is not simply about purchasing a
product, rather, it is also concerned with buying into lifestyles and
values)
• Boudrillard
• Anti-essentialism
• Archaeology
• Base and superstructure
• Bricolage - who stylize themselves using the clothing and artifacts of
popular culture

37. • Circuit of culture
• Citizenship
• City
• Commodification
• Consumption
• Counterculture
• Critical theory
• Cultural capital

38. • Cultural imperialism
• Cultural materialism
• Cultural studies
• Culture industry
• Différance
• Discourse analysis
• Encoding–decoding
• Episteme

39. • Flâneur
• Foundationalism
• Gender
• Globalization
• Glocalization
• Governmentality
• Grand narrative
• Habitus
• Hegemony

40. • Hybridity
• Hyperreality
• Identification
• Ideological state apparatus
• Ideology
• Imagined community
• Intertextuality
• Language-game

41. • Mass culture
• Mirror phase
• Moral panic
• Myth
• National identity
• Orientalism
• Performativity
• Phallocentric

42. • Place
• Post-humanism
• Postmodernism
• Power
• Power/knowledge
• Public sphere
• Queer theory
• Reflexivity

43. • Representation
• Resistance
• Simulacrum
• Social formation
• Space
• Strategic essentialism
• Subaltern
• Subculture
• Surveillance

44. • Television
• Unconscious
• Youth culture

45. Consumption

47. Postmodernism
• “Simulacra and Simulation” (1981) - by Jean Baudrillard
• Simulation = imitation
• Simulacra = copies that have no original
• "...The simulacrum is never that which conceals the truth--it is the
truth which conceals that there is none. The simulacrum is true"
• - Ecclesiastes
• society has become so saturated with these simulacra. all meaning
was being rendered meaningless by being infinitely mutable.

48. Stages
1. faithful image/copy – “the sacramental order“
2. unfaithful copy - “order of maleficence”
3. sign pretends to be a faithful copy – “order of sorcery“
4. pure simulacrum – “hyperreal“

49. • "On Exactitude in Science" by Jorge Luis Borges
• Empire created a map
• Large map
• Disney Land and Watergate
• America is Disneyland
• “Welcome to the Desert of the Real” (2002) - by Slavoj Žižek.
• The Matrix

50. Postmodernism or the Cultural Logic of Late
Capitalism
• Fredric Jameson
• cultural production – “SCHLOCK” and “KITSCH”
• "depthlessness“
• “waning of affect”
• “Pastiche”
• 3 types of capitalism – market capitalism ,imperialism, multinational…
• realism, modernism and present day postmodernism
• Great Aesthetic Objects are easily marketable

51. • Kitsch – great army of trash objects made of POP
• Depthlessness
• Van Gogh's "A Pair of Shoes" (high modernism)
• Andy Warhol's "Diamond Dust Shoes" (postmodern)

52. Waning of Affect - Edvard Munch's "The
Scream"

53. The Postmodern Condition: A Report on
Knowledge (1979)
• Jean-François Lyotard
• Incredulity towards “Metanarratives”
• ‘knowledge’ = commodity
• Information is wealth
• vast amounts of information
• Legitimization of knowledge
• Narrative Knowledge
• Grand Narratives -
• The Method: “Language-Game” - coined by Ludwig Wittgenstein

54. • Habermas – “Modernism: Unfinished Project of Enlightenment”

55. • Fragmented past
• “Pastiche (Artist’s imitation of past) or Blank Parody”
• imitation of some unique style
• "lost of historicalness“ and pop history
•

57. Carnivalesque
• Mikhail Bakhtin's Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics (1929)
• then in Rabelais and His World (1965)
• Feast of Fools
• Menippean satire
• fools become wise, kings become beggars; opposites are mingled

58. Bakhtin's four categories
1. 1. Free and familiar interaction between people
2. Eccentric behavior allowed
3. Carnivalistic mésalliances
4. Profanation
world upside-down
resistance to authority

59. The Structural Law of value and the Order of
Simulacra
• Symbolic Exchange
• "symbolic exchange is no longer an organizing principle; it no
longer functions at the level of modern social institutions“
• linguistic market is open
• economy of production - The news replace reality
• Real value to IMAGINED VALUE
• pre-industrialism, industrialism and post-industrialism
• Polysemy

60. Encoding/Decoding by Stuart Hall

61. Medium as Message by Marshal McLuhan

62. "Can the Subaltern Speak?“ (1988)
• “research" or "knowledge"
• She suggests Subaltern Project of Ranajit Guha

63. Posthumanism
• What Is Posthumanism?
• Posthumanism
• Paul Virilio - ‘dromology’
• Donna Haraway – “Cyborg Manifesto”

64. Consumerism
• Habitus
• Cultural, Social, Economical Capital - Pierre Bourdieu