The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. Caused by cultural decline, muckrakers exposing issues, and economic changes from industrialization, progressives fought for reforms addressing issues like corruption, child labor, women's suffrage, and prohibition. Key leaders included Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert LaFollette. Roosevelt proposed a New Nationalism with trust busting and consumer protections. Wilson advocated a New Freedom through antitrust acts and the Federal Reserve. Women and African Americans also led important reform movements during this era of social change.
Topic Legacy of the Progressive Era
Academic level Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)
Discipline History
Document type PowerPoint Presentation
Spacing
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Topic Legacy of the Progressive Era
Academic level Undergrad. (yrs 3-4)
Discipline History
Document type PowerPoint Presentation
Spacing
DOUBLE
Citation style APA 7
The Progressive EraTriangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.docxoscars29
The Progressive Era
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Shirtwaists
Factory Work
Horror
Press Accounts
Anger
Union Response
Progressivism
• Influential reform movement – mid 1890s-end of WWI
• Many impulses – both liberal and conservative;
Republican and Democrat
• Desired to soften the harsh impact of industrialization,
urbanization and immigration
• Began in the cities among the middle classes
• First nationwide reform movement
General Middle Class Unease
• America now a world power with an empire
• Most productive industrial nation
• Dramatic economic and demographic changes
• Social Problems
Specific Developments
• Depression of the 1890s
• Emergence of both Populist and
Socialist parties
• Numerous strikes and the rise of
some small, but violent, unions
• Arrogance of large corporations
• The assassination of President
McKinley by an anarchist
Reforms
• Relied on the new social sciences
• Moralistic and optimistic
• Need to reform society and institutions for “social
efficiency”
• But no single motive behind reforms
Social Gospel
• Humanitarian reformers
• A means to translate faith into action
• “ministers of reform” and “reforms of the heart”
• Social justice impulses
Jane Addams and Hull House
Self-Interest
• Middle class feared
possible class warfare or
the rise of socialism
• Believed that reform to
institutions and society
needed
• Worried about widening
gap between the few
“haves” and the many
“have-nots”
• Also feared the rising
immigrant tide as a
“menace” to democracy
Sense of Vulnerability
• Individuals no longer exercised control over their own
destinies
• The powerful corporation, “vested interests,”
“malefactors of great wealth” held the people hostage
• Reforms needed to protect/extend individual rights in the
modern industrial era
Muckrackers
• Articulated the general fears
• Gave focus to anxieties
• Laid bare the “shameful facts”
• Raised public awareness of
specific issues upon which to
focus reform
Women’s Activism
• General Federation of
Women’s Clubs – united white
middle class women’s clubs in
1890
• National Association of
Colored Women – organized
black middle class women’s
clubs in 1896
• Issues: suffrage, libraries,
schools, parks, hospitals,
sanitation, juvenile courts,
public health, pure foods and
drugs, etc.
Types of Reform
• Four broad categories
– To make the government more efficient, honest and
responsive to the popular will
– More stringent regulation of business to protect
consumers, workers and small businesses
– Efforts to improve the quality of life in the cities
– Use of the coercive power of government to impose
middle class standards on personal behavior and
morality
Moral “Reforms”
• Prohibition, anti-gambling, close dance halls
• Mandatory sterilization of sex offenders, certain criminals
and mentally deficient persons
• “Americanizing” immigrants
Grass-.
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
2. Causes of the Progressive Era
• Cultural Decline
– Robber Barrons
– Aristocracy
– Political Corruption
– Moral Devolution
• Muckrakers
– Origin of Term
– Causes of
4. TR’s New Nationalism
• “I stand for the square deal. But when I say that I am for
the square deal, I mean not merely that I stand for fair
play under the present rules of the game, but that I stand
for having those rules changed so as to work for a more
substantial equality of opportunity and of reward for
equally good service.”
• “I do not mean that I want a square deal for the man who
remains poor because he has not got the energy to work
for himself.”
• TR now proposed a New Nationalism of dynamic
democracy that would recognize the inevitability of
economic concentration; to counter the power of the giant
corporations, Roosevelt proposed bringing them under
complete federal control, so as to protect the interests of
the laboring man and the consumer.
5. TR’s New Nationalism reforms
• Square Deal for Labor-Coal Strike of 1901
– Doesn’t represent Unions or Owners but the
other group involved (US citizen’s interests)
• Trust Busting (Good v. Bad)
– Sherman Anti-trust
– Northern Securities
• Railroad Regulation (Populism?)
– Elkins Act-ICC can stop RR’s from offering
rebates
– Hepburn Act- ICC can set “fair” rates for RR’s
6. TR’s New Nationalism reforms
• Consumer Protection
– Pure food and drug act, Manufacture,sale and
transportation of adulterated food and drugs
– Meat inspection Act- independent federal inspectors
maintain levels of sanitation
• Conservation
– 150 Million acres of national reserves
– Irrigation projects in west
– Creation of US Forest Service (Gifford Pinchot) and
National Conservation Commission
7.
8. Woodrow Wilson-New freedom
• “The great Government we loved has too often
been made use of for private and selfish
purposes, and those who used it had forgotten the
people.”
• “The Nation has been deeply stirred, stirred by
solemn passion, stirred by the knowledge of
wrong, of ideals lost, of government too often
debauched and made an instrument of evil.”
• “I summon all honest men, all patriotic, all
forward-looking men, to my side. God helping
me, I will not fail them, if they will but counsel
and sustain me!”
9. Wilson New Freedom Reforms
• Underwood Tariff-First lowering of
Tariffs since the civil war- Free trade
benefits the people not businesses
• Federal Trade Act-Set up FTC or Federal
Trade Commission to investigate and halt
unfair and illegal business practices. The
FTC could put a halt to these illegal
business practices by issuing what is
known as a "cease and desist order.“
10. 1. Clayton Anti-Trust Act-
1. Declared certain businesses illegal (interlocking
directorates, trusts, horizontal mergers)
2. Unions and the Grange were not subject to antitrust
laws. This made unions legal! Strikes, boycotts,
picketing and the collection of strike benefit funds
ruled legal
2. Federal Reserve System-
1. Federal Reserve Banks in 12 districts would print
and coin money as well as set interest rates. In this
way the "Fed," as it was called, could control the
money supply and effect the value of currency
3. Federal Farm Loan Act set up Farm Loan
Banks to support farmers.
11. Robert M. LaFollette
• Wisconsin, Governor and US Senator
• Wisconsin was the first state to adopt the primary
for nominations for state offices.
• A new law taxed railroads on the value of their
property, ending an inequity
• A railroad commission was created to regulate
rates
• Funding for education was increased.
• A civil-service law was adopted
• This legislation was drafted by political and
social scientists and economists, a feature of the
"Wisconsin Idea."
12. Goals of Progressivism
• Economic Reform
• Moral Reform
• Social
Improvement
• Increased
Production
13. Characteristics of Progressives
• Moralists
• Politically Active
• Protection of the weak
in society
• Never Challenged
Capitalism
• Paternalistic
14. Economic Reform
• Trust Busting
• Working Conditions
– Ages, Wages, and Hours.
• Rise of Socialism
• Laissez Faire theory in decline
15. Child Labor
• In 1910, 2 million
children under the age
of 15 are working for
daily wages.
• Why?
16. National Child Labor Committee
• Used Graphic photos
of Children to sway
popular opinion
• Used teams of
undercover
investigators into
factories
• Supported by Labor
Unions
• Keating Owen Act(3)
17. Hours
• Haymarket Square
Riots (3)
• Muller Vs. Oregon
– Florence Kelley
– Louis Brandeis
– Protection from
industry
– 10 hour work day
• Worker Compensation
19. Henry Ford
• Assembly line, 1913
– Simple Tasks
– Constant speed
– Results
• Increased Production
• High Worker Turn
over
• Ford changes
employee policies
20. Moral Reform
• Prohibition
• Women’s Christian
Temperance
Movement (WCTM)
– Temperance not
Prohibition
– Francis Willard
– Prayer Protest Peace
– Not Just about
Alcohol
21. Moral Reform-Prohibition
• Carrie Nation
– 1st Marriage
– Remarries
– Epiphany to destroy
saloons (3)
– “Hatchetations”
– Results
• Arrests
• Souvenirs
• Newsletters
• Anti-Saloon League
22.
23. Moral Reform-Salvation Army
• Founded by William
Booth in 1865
London , modified in
1880
• Soup Kitchens,
Nurseries
• Encourage Hard work
and Religion
• Missionary goals
• Today?
24. Moral Reform- YMCA
• Young Men’s Christian
Association
– Founded 1844 London to
Fight unhealthy moral
and physical conditions
of I.R.
• Libraries
• Cheap Rooms
• Athletics
– Pools, weights,basketball
• Religious Study Groups
25. Political Reform
• State/Local • Election Reform
– Councils vs. – Australian Ballot
Commissioners
– Reform Politicians – Initiative
• Fightin’ Bob – Referendum
• Toledo’s Samuel – Recall
“Golden Rule”
Jones – Direct Primary
• Charles Evans – 17th Amendment
Hughes
26. Progressive Amendments
• 16th Amend- Income tax
• 17th Amendment-Direct election of Senators “The
Senate of the United States shall be composed of
two Senators from each State, elected by the
people thereof”
• 18th Amendment-Prohibition-”the manufacture,
sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors is
hereby prohibited.”
• 19th Amendment- “The right of citizens of the
United States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by any State on
account of sex. “
27. The Progressive Woman
• Women Traditional Role?
– Home?
– Work?
– Political?
• Women’s Modern Role?
– Home?
– Work?
– Political?
28. WOMEN LEAD REFORM
• Many of the leading
progressive reformers
were women
• Middle and upper class
women also entered the
public sphere as
reformers
• Many of these women
had graduated from
new women’s colleges
Colleges like Vassar and Smith
allowed women to excel
29. Women’s
Education
• Traditional education
(3)
• Reforms
• Elizabeth Blackwell
• Maria Mitchell
• Vassar
30. WOMEN AND REFORM
• Women reformers strove to
improve conditions at work
and home
• NAWSA was created to join
women together to fight for
equal rights (voting).. It
excluded black women
• In 1896, black women formed
the National Association of
Colored Women (NACW)
• Suffrage was another
important issue for women
33. Militant Women :(
• Alice Paul, New Jersey
– Mass Picketing, closing
down business districts and
streets
– Hunger strikes
– Parades
– Breaks from Nawsa in
1916 to form National
Women’s Party
– Goal was an ERA
39. Blacks in the Progressive era
the challenges
faced by
minorities
during this
period.
40. George Washington Carver – African American who
discovered hundreds of uses for the peanut (including
cosmetics—lipstick). In his traveling classroom, he taught
Alabama farmers about crop rotation.
41. Booker T. Washington – founder of Tuskegee
Institute and whose autobiography Up From
Slavery inspired thousands.
-with his sons
42. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois agreed that
African Americans needed “thrift, patience, and
industrial training.” They disagreed about
segregation—Washington accepted it and Du
Bois rejected it.
Tuskegee
students
building
their own
classrooms
43. ROOSEVELT AND CIVIL
RIGHTS
• Roosevelt failed to
support Civil Rights for
African Americans
• He did, however,
support a few
individuals such as
Booker T. Washington
44. NAACP FORMED TO PROMOTE
RIGHTS
• In 1908, on Lincoln’s birthday a
number of African Americans
and prominent white reformers
formed the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored
People
• The NAACP had 6,000 members
by 1914
• The goal of the organization was
full equality among the races
• The means to achieve this was
the court system
• Based on discussions of Niagara
Movement 3 years earlier
1964 Application
46. WEB DuBois
• in 1903 when DuBois
published his now famous
book, The Souls of Black
Folks. The chapter entitled "Of
Booker T. Washington and
Others" contains an analytical
discourse on the general
philosophy of Washington. • William Edward
DuBois edited the chapter
himself to keep the most Burghardt DuBois
controversial and bitter • By any means
remarks out of it. Nevertheless,
it still was more than enough necessary
to incur Washington's • The Philadelphia
continued contempt for him.
Negro