The oceans
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Most of the earth is covered by ocean waters. Oceans are very important. They affect weather, and because of uneven heating from the sun, currents of warmer water flow through colder ocean water. Winds cause waves.
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The oceans
- 1. The Oceans A DRIVING FORCE OF NATURE BY KELLA RANDOLPH M.ED.
- 2. The oceans are more important than people may know • The oceans drive our earth’s weather • Our water cycle depends on the oceans • Our food supply depends on the oceans • The oceans are vast, and only partially explored
- 3. A source of beauty Plants and animals unique to sea water Image: https://images.app.goo.gl/DtATvki4pCgLUpfX8
- 4. Equatorial areas get more sun daily and that heats the surface of the ocean as well as the air above it. Warm air swirls with cooler air creating winds. Warm water swirls with cooler water creating movement. Uneven heating from the sun causes movement https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/WOA0 9_sea-surf_DEN_AYool.png/350px-WOA09_sea-surf_DEN_AYool.png https://courseware.e-education.psu.edu/courses/earth540/nasa.6-cell- model.jpg
- 5. This affects ocean temperature and winds. Koppen showed that this affects climates of various areas. The number of hours receiving direct sunlight affects the temperature of both land and water. https://images.app.goo.gl/sHS2Maf4B9Z7cPXe7https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth103/sites/www.e- education.psu.edu.earth103/files/module03/fig1.png
- 6. The oceans drive climate and weather. Ocean currents carry warm or cold water throughout the world’s oceans. They help to even out the temperatures in the oceans. This also affects the temperature of the atmosphere and the climate around the world. Currents that are near shore have a direct impact on climate. They may make the climate much colder or warmer. Image: https://wtfsgoingon.typepad.com/.a/6a0120a6141 337970b013486987d60970c-800wi
- 7. Water that evaporates from the ocean becomes part of the water cycle. The hydrologic cycle is the term used to describe how water travels throughout the world system, from the surface to the atmosphere and back again. Over 95% of the planet's water resides in the earth's oceans and seas. The sun heats the oceans, causing water to evaporate into the atmosphere. Through the process of transpiration, plants also release water into the atmosphere. This water vapor travels throughout the atmosphere and eventually condenses into tiny droplets in clouds. If the conditions are right, the water in the cloud will fall as rain or snow. The water may be stored in lakes, rivers, or glaciers, absorbed by plants, ingested by animals, or soaked up by the ground. But most of the water will eventually travel back to the ocean, completing the water cycle. Credit: Hailey King, NASA GSFC For more info: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Wat er/water.html
- 8. About 71% to 75% of the earth’s surface is covered by oceans. https://images.app.goo.gl/vrW5SQnQr MbW1wtG9
- 9. The deepest known part of the ocean is seven miles deep. http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/earth_syst em/ocean_floor_image4_USNMOC.gif https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/A tlantic-trench.JPG/300px-Atlantic-trench.JPG
- 10. Of all Earth’s water, 97% is sea water. https://images.app.goo.gl/xzzYHFC Vf2cEuPFu8 https://images.app.goo.gl/tRUG1nQgNm54oe7w6
- 11. Humans diving deep must wear protective suits. Even then, there are limits to how much pressure the suit can withstand. Actual Styrofoam cup at surface and at 1500 meters below surface. Because of the weight of the water above, pressure is greater as we go deeper in the ocean. http://www.deepseanews.com/wp- content/uploads/2014/05/IMG_6150- 600x6001-300x300.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3 4/Nur07521.jpg
- 12. Mountains and volcanoes are found on the base of the ocean floor. https://images.app.goo.gl/kLn94pvTN WBQAjVM6
- 13. A 1561 map of America showing Magellan's name for the pacific, Mare pacificum, and the Strait of Magellan, labelled Frenum Magaliani. Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer who organized the Spanish expedition to the East Indies from 1519 to 1522, resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth, completed by Juan Sebastián Elcano. Magellan was killed by natives of the Philippine Islands April 27, 1521. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Magell an#/media/File:Map_of_America_by_Sebastian _Munster.JPG https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe dia/commons/thumb/8/80/Magellan s_death.jpg/170px- Magellans_death.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Magella n%27s_voyage_EN.svg/640px-Magellan%27s_voyage_EN.svg.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/ ReplicaNaoVictoriaMagallanes.jpg Humans have been exploring the oceans for hundreds of years.
- 14. We have only explored a small part of the ocean floor. Challenger Deep https://images.app.goo.gl/uVjP1f22ZbrMbd aBA https://images.app.goo.gl/A1uU5L TqS3iiWpN67 https://images.app.goo.gl/1BeszhQaNcqzjfvz8 https://images.app.goo.gl/A 1uU5LTqS3iiWpN67
- 15. Over the past 50 years, much of the ocean wildlife has decreased. The cause The report blamed several factors for the decline. One problem is a decline in fish habitats. Many of the mangroves and sea grasses have been lost. In fact, mangroves are being lost two to five times faster than forests. Also, the oceans' tropical reefs have decreased by half and could all be lost by the year 2050. Much of this is due to warmer waters and acidification. Over 25% of ocean marine life lives on coral reefs and roughly 850 million people directly benefit from them -- the loss of coral reefs could be catastrophic, according to the report. A second problem is pollution. There is 250,000 metric tons of plastic in the oceans. Plastic harms smaller fish that bigger fish rely on for survival and may also harm larger fish and mammals who become tangled or trapped, resulting in suffocation. Related to pollution is climate change, which is responsible for changing the oceans more rapidly than at any other point in recorded history. A slight rise in temperature will change ocean currents and increase acidity levels. A slight temperature increase will also disrupt the ocean's food chain. Species will alter their migratory patterns in search of cooler water, which will only further unbalance the world's oceans. "The ocean is a renewable resource that can provide for all future generations if the pressures are dealt with effectively," said Marco Lambertini, director general of WWF International. "If we live within sustainable limits, the ocean will contribute to food security, livelihoods, economies and our natural systems.“ Text: https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/17/world/oceans-report/index.html
- 16. Pollution from industry and agriculture are two types of waste that have damaged the oceans. https://images.app.goo.gl/rb5TP77QZL stcPJS8
- 17. There are more than 400 “dead zones” in the oceans. https://images.app.goo.gl/vojFQ8k7p5sKXjCt 9 https://images.app.goo.gl/7t7zKvHFVx5mCgXc8
- 19. A floating mass of plastic as big as Texas is drifting in the Pacific Ocean. https://images.app.goo.gl/yTaj2FasA73KkFxQ7
- 20. Construction along the coastlines has caused a loss of coral reefs, mangrove forests, and wetlands. https://images.app.goo.gl/vSESXz9R6PcSy5L69
- 21. Global warming, climate change, acidification, and increasing sea level are factors that affect the oceans. https://images.app.goo.gl/mExoSrSMg ysUaDyu6
- 26. Human life depends on healthy oceans. https://images.app.goo.gl/FhBwheGzQZ8bni4w7
- 27. The ocean is our closest and most vital frontier. https://images.app.goo.gl/uFQ6mZRX1s73YBpc6