The document discusses fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and natural gas, highlighting their environmental impact and methods of extraction. Coal formation occurs over millions of years through a series of stages, while natural gas is primarily methane and poses safety risks due to its odorless nature. It also mentions alternative energy sources like biomass, which utilizes plant and animal waste.

1. Fossil Fuels
By Kella Randolph M.Ed.
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2. Three examples of fossil
fuels
How fossil fuels cause harm
• Burning coal makes ozone, smog,
acid rain, climate change, mercury
pollution
• Oil spills damage all living things
• Natural gas is poisonous and is
colorless, odorless and tasteless. We
must add a bad smell to it in order to
prevent being killed by a gas leak.
Three examples of fossil fuels could be
a. coal
b. oil
c. natural gas

3. Coal formation
The fossil fuel that is most abundant
and least expensive is coal
The plant material that dies in swampy
areas and does not decay eventually
forms a dense material called peat.
Swamps and bogs with low oxygen
conditions slow or prevent the dead
organic material from decaying.
This Photo http://www.waldeneffect.org/20100313coal.jpg

4. The 4 steps in coal formation are:
• a. organic matter forms peat
• b. Peat turns into lignite from heat
and pressure
• c. Lignite turns into bituminous coal
from heat and pressure
• d. bituminous coal turns into
anthracite coal from heat and
pressure
• e. accept anthracite
This
Photohttp://openlearningworld.com/World_Geography/imgs/figure_7.3.1.jpg

5. Slow change
Conditions that change peat to coal
from one form to another over
millions of years are heat and
pressure.
Older coal that has been under heat
and pressure is called anthracite.
Anthracite coal burns with less
pollution and gives off more heat than
any other type of coal.
Stages of coal:
1. Peat
2. Lignite
3. Bituminous
4. Anthracite
3. Bituminous coal:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia
/commons/2/20/Coal_bituminous.jpg
1. A peat bog:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/w
ikipedia/commons/0/02/Peat_b
og.jpg
2. Lignite coal:
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8512397381_745074acb0.jpg
4. Anthracite coal:
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787095_1a01cddfca_b.jpg

6. Surface mining and
underground mining for
coal
Coal underground Miners
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mb/9/9d/W._Va._coal_mine_1908.jpg/220px-
W._Va._coal_mine_1908.jpg
http://energy-alaska.wdfiles.com/local--files/coal/mines.jpg
Explosions, cave-ins poison gas and coal
dust kill miners.
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mmons/thumb/6/60/Coal_Mine.jpg/1200px
-Coal_Mine.jpg

7. Getting the coal out of the
ground:
The two main methods of coal mining
are
1. Underground or tunnel mining
which causes acid mine drainage,
damaging the environment, and black
lung disease, and killing humans.
2. Surface mining, which causes
erosion and loss of habitat for animals,
fish and birds.
This Photo https://independentaustralia.net/wordpress-opt/wp-
content/2011/06/coal_mining.jpg
https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8480/8207097184_8b98a1262
e_b.jpg
https://independentaustralia.net/wordpress-opt/wp-
content/2011/06/coal_mining.jpg
Surface mining coal
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/
0/05/Coal_mine_Wyoming.jpg

8. Natural gas
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At the current rate of use we will run
out of Natural Gas in about 50 years.
We get natural gas where we find oil
wells. It is trapped between layers of
rock and takes millions of years to
form.
The main ingredient of natural gas is
methane. Methane is a deadly poison
that we cannot taste, see, or smell. It
is Odorless, colorless, tasteless.
We use natural gas as fuel because it is
cleaner than coal and oil, has the
highest energy content.

9. Tar sands
The other names for tar sands are oil
sands, bituminous sands. Mining for
tar sands does great harm to the land
and it destroys the homes of forest
birds, fish and animals.
This Photo http://www.cjournal.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/tarsands1.jpg

10. Oil shale
Take lots of energy to process, uses
large amounts of water, makes huge
amounts of waste.
The organic material in Oil Shale is
called Kerogen.
This Photo http://www.cjournal.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/tarsands1.jpg
This Photo above
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HAS_TAKEN_OIL_SHALE_FROM_AN..._-_NARA_-_552686.jpg/1200px

11. Biomass
Biomass is one alternative energy.
The term for fuel sources that come
from plant and animal waste is
biomass Bio =living or once was living
and mass = a large amount of
something.
Biomass is a lot of organic material
such as grass clippings, branches
from trees, any plant or animal
wastes such as the parts left from
meat processing plants or used oil
from restaurants.
This Photo http://www.appropedia.org/images/0/03/Biomass-cycle.jpg