1) English foreign policy changed significantly over the Tudor period from 1485-1603. Henry VII remained friendly with neighboring countries, while Henry VIII hoped to play a larger role in European politics but was unsuccessful. Mary allied England with Spain through her marriage, which was politically unwise and unpopular. 2) Elizabeth made trade the most important foreign policy matter, viewing whichever country had the greatest trade as England's greatest rival and enemy. She encouraged merchant expansion and helped Dutch Protestants gain independence from Catholic Spain through providing harbors and financial support, bringing England nearly to open war with Spain. 3) After the Spanish Armada was assembled to conquer England, it was defeated in 1588 by better English ships

1. THE
NEW FOREIGN
POLICY

2. Tudor period (1485-1603) English foreign
policy
changed Several times
Henry VII remained friendly neighbouring countries
Henry VIII ambitious hoped to play an important part in European
politics
unsuccessful
Mary allied Enlgand to Spain marriage unpopular
politically unwise
Elizabeth trade the most important policy matter
whichever
country
greatest trade
rival
greatest enemy

3. Henry VII importance of trade built a large fleet of merchant ships
Henry VIII spent money on warships and guns English guns the best in
Europe
Elizabeth encouraging merchant expansionforeign policy
Spain enemy and rival
Spain Ruled Netherlands protestant
independence fromCatholic Spanish rule
France rival
Netherlands by sea English Channel
Elizabeth helped Dutch Protestants English harbours for attacking
Spanish ships
money and soldiers
almost an open declaration of war on Spain

4. English ships attacked Spanish
ships
returned from America
silver and gold
Spain’s refusal to allow England to trade
freely with Spanish American colonies
privateers treasure shared with the Queen
Elizabeth apologized to Spain kept treasure
Philip Elizabeth sea dogs traders
adventurers
pirates

5. Philip decided to
conquest
England would be able to
defeat
the Dutch rebels
Netherlands
English Catholics help
large army Armada attacked and destroyed Francis Drake
Cadiz harbour
largest fleet designed to
carry soldiers
few fighting
ships
English ships longer
narrower
faster
better guns than Spanish ships

6. Armada reached England
Elizabeth called her soldiers
“I am come…to live or die amongst you all, to lay down for my God and for my kingdom,
and for my people, my honour and my blood even in the dust. I know I have the body of a
weak and feeble woman, but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of
England too.”

7. The Spanish Armada defeated bad weather
sunk
most were blown northwards
ships
wrecked on the rocky coasts
peace was only made with Spain once Elizabeth was dead