The document provides background information on the Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1337 to 1453. It discusses the origins of the war over conflicting claims to the French throne by the English and French kings. The war occurred in four phases and saw shifts from ideals of chivalry to more modern warfare with hired mercenaries and use of gunpowder weapons. The war weakened both countries and drew in other powers like Burgundy and the Ottoman Empire, whose conquest of Constantinople in 1453 marked the end of the Byzantine Empire.

1. The Hundred Years’ War, 1337-1453

6. Map 1: 1337 How did England get that territory in France in the first place? Why is the compass tilted? In 1337, English had Bordeaux and Guyenne. France had everything else except for Calais. How did they conquer the land in the first place? Why are the two areas the English owned so far away from each other? Why is Calais so much smaller?

7. Map 2: 1360 After the Battle of Poitiers, the English gained more ground in France. France gained more land in the HRE. England took over the Channel Islands. There were battles in Poitiers & Crecy. How do you pronounce that city? What happened to Southampton? Where were those battles in those locations? Why did the French move east into the HRE? England gained land and power. There were two battles: Poitiers and Crecy. Why did England gain so much land in France? Who won both those battles? How did England gain control of Crecy?

9. Map 4: 1453 The English Channel separated the English territories from the French. How did Burgundy become part of France? Duchy of Burgundy became involved in the war and eventually sided with the French. What areas were held under French rule in 1453? All of France as we know it today. England? They lost all their land on the continent.