Stephen Krashen developed the Natural Approach method of language teaching in the late 1970s. The Natural Approach aims to foster naturalistic language acquisition in the classroom by emphasizing communication over explicit grammar study and correction. It also strives to create a low-anxiety environment by not forcing language output and allowing students time to absorb language through comprehensible input. Key principles of the Natural Approach include the acquisition-learning hypothesis, the monitor hypothesis, the input hypothesis, the natural order hypothesis, and the affective filter hypothesis. Krashen believes that language acquisition occurs most effectively through meaningful communication and comprehension, not through direct instruction.

1. The Natural Approach

3. Stephen Krashen
(born 1941) is professor emeritus
at the University of Southern
California, who moved from the
linguistics department to the
faculty of the School of Education
in 1994. He is a linguist,
educational researcher, and
political activist.

4. Krashen has more than 486
publications, contributing to the fields
of second-language acquisition,
bilingual education, and reading. Most
recently, Krashen promotes the use of
free voluntary reading during second-
language acquisition, which he says
"is the most powerful tool we have in
language education, first and second."

5. The natural approach is a method of language
teaching developed by Stephen Krashen and
Tracy Terrell in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
It aims to foster naturalistic language
acquisition in a classroom setting, and to this
end it emphasizes communication, and places
decreased importance on conscious grammar
study and explicit correction of student errors.
The Natural Approach

6. The Natural Approach
Efforts are also made to make the
learning environment as stress-free as
possible. In the natural approach,
language output is not forced, but
allowed to emerge spontaneously after
students have attended to large
amounts of comprehensible language
input.

7. The acquisition-learning hypothesis. This
states that there is a strict separation
between conscious learning of language
and subconscious acquisition of
language, and that only acquisition can
lead to fluent language use.
The Natural Approach

8. The Natural Approach
The monitor hypothesis. This states that
language knowledge that is consciously
learned can only be used to monitor
output, not to generate new language.
Monitoring output requires learners to
be focused on the rule and to have time
to apply it.

9. The input hypothesis. This states that
language is acquired by exposure to
comprehensible input at a level a little
higher than that the learner can already
understand. Krashen names this kind of
input "i+1".
The Natural Approach

10. The Natural Approach
The natural order hypothesis. This
states that learners acquire the
grammatical features of a
language in a fixed order, and that
this is not affected by instruction.

11. The affective filter hypothesis. This states
that learners must be relaxed and open
to learning in order for language to be
acquired. Learners who are nervous or
distressed may not learn features in the
input that more relaxed learners would
pick up with little effort.
The Natural Approach

12. Comprehensible Input

13. “Students may think they are acquiring
vocabulary or learning subject matter, but
unknown to them, they are acquiring because
they are getting comprehensible input at the
same time. I now think it is very important to
make a strong effort to inform students about the
process of language acquisition, so they can
continue to improve on their own”. (Krashen
1982)
Comprehensible Input

14. Comprehensible Input
“The solution to our problems in language teaching
lies not in expensive equipment, exotic methods,
sophisticated linguistic analyses, or new laboratories,
but in full utilization of what we already have,
speakers of the languages using them for real
communication. I will also conclude that the best
methods might also be the most pleasant, and that,
strange as it seems, language acquisition occurs
when language is used for what it was designed for,
communication.”. (Krashen 1982)

15. BIBLIOGRAPHY
-Stephen D Krashen. 1982. Principles and
Practice in Second Language Acquisition.
University of Southern California. 209p.
-Wikipedia. (n.d.) Natural Approach. Retrieved
from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_approach
-Wikipedia. (n.d.) Stephen Krashen. Retrieved
from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Krashen