The document discusses Spain in the 18th century. It describes the Spanish War of Succession between the French Bourbons and Austrian Habsburgs over the Spanish throne from 1701-1714, which resulted in Felipe V becoming the first Bourbon king of Spain. During the reigns of the Bourbon kings Felipe V, Fernando VI, Carlos III, and Carlos IV, Spain underwent economic, social, and political changes as it modernized, such as improvements to cities and growth of the population and economy. The period was also influenced by the Enlightenment and new beliefs in reason over religion.